Maharashtra Board Class 11 Food Science and Technology Chapter 2 Scope and Opportunities PDF Download

Scope And Opportunities

Indeed, the essence of human life is to live in such a way to meet the basic demands of food, clothing and shelter. Individually food is very basic need for survival. The demand for processed, packed and convenient food with prolonged shelf life requires well-trained human resources in the food industry and allied sectors.

There is an encouraging, challenging and rewarding future for professions and careers in food science and technology. As, this field requires the application of science and technology to the processing, utilization, preservation, packaging and distribution of food and food products. It therefore encompasses a diverse range of specializations.

Food processing is the conversion of raw ingredients into the processed value added form (palatable, digestible, nutritious, stable and safe).

Typically the raw food ingredients like harvested crops or butchered animal products are converted to attractive, marketable and often long shelf-life food products.

The processed food industry may be divided into following broad segments:

1. Primary Processed foods

2. Secondary Processed foods

3. Tertiary Processed foods

Primary Processed Foods

Raw materials are converted in to edible food commodities.

Traditional methods like drying, winnowing, milling of grains and butchering of animals for meat.

Examples: Drying of crops, processing of grains.

Teacher's Note

When your mother dries mangoes or makes amla powder at home, that is primary processing. It is the first step of making raw food into food we can eat.

Exam Trick

Remember: Primary = first step. Just like primary class is the first class, primary processing is the first step of food processing.

Points to Remember

Raw materials become edible food commodities.
Traditional methods are used like drying and milling.
Examples are drying crops and processing grains.

Secondary Processed Foods

Fresh foods or the products of primary processed are converted into wide range of secondary processed foods.

Examples: Grinding of food grains, crushing of fruits into pastes or juices.

Teacher's Note

When you make juice from oranges or grind wheat into flour, that is secondary processing. It is the second step where food is made more useful.

Exam Trick

Remember: Secondary = second step. When you crush fruit to make juice, you are doing secondary processing.

Points to Remember

Fresh foods are converted into many types of secondary processed foods.
Examples are grinding grains and crushing fruits into juices.
This is the second step of food processing.

Tertiary Processed Foods

Tertiary food processing is the commercial production of processed foods.

Examples: Industrially manufactured products like biscuits, bread, jams, jellies, chocolates, etc.

Teacher's Note

When big factories make biscuits, bread, or jam that you buy in shops, that is tertiary processing. Large machines and many workers do this work.

Exam Trick

Remember: Tertiary = third step and factory made. Biscuits, bread, jam from shops are all tertiary processed foods.

Points to Remember

Tertiary processing is commercial and large-scale production.
It happens in big factories with machines.
Examples are biscuits, bread, jams, and chocolates.
These are products you buy in shops.

2.1 Major Food Processing Sectors in India

Food processing is as large sector that covers agriculture, horticulture, plantation, animal husbandry and dairy, fisheries, meat, poultry, etc.

Food processing sectors may be broadly categorized in following segments:

Fruits and vegetables processing

Dairy processing

Grain processing

Meat and poultry processing

Fisheries

Horticulture

Consumer foods including packaged food, beverages and packaged drinking water.

The following diagram depicts the Status of food processing industries in India.

Teacher's Note

In India, we process lots of grains like rice and wheat. Dairy products like milk and paneer are also very important. These are the biggest food processing industries in our country.

Exam Trick

Remember: Food Grain Milling is 34% - the biggest. Dairy is 16% - the second biggest. Bread and bakery is 20%.

Points to Remember

There are many types of food processing sectors in India.
Food grain milling is the largest at 34 percent.
Dairy products make up 16 percent of the industry.
Bread and bakery is 20 percent of food processing.

2.2 Skill Gap Management In Food Industry

The following table presents the functional distribution of human resources across segment and distribution of human resources by education level.

Teacher's Note

In a food factory, most workers do production work. This means making the food. Testing and quality control workers check if the food is safe and good to eat.

Exam Trick

Remember: Production is 55% - most workers. Testing is 20% - the second largest group. These are the two most important jobs.

Points to Remember

Production work is the largest at 55 percent of employees.
Testing and quality makes up 20 percent of jobs.
Procurement and others are both 10 percent each.
Research and Development is the smallest at 1-2 percent.

Teacher's Note

Most food factory workers have studied only up to 10th standard. But some workers are food technologists or graduates who have studied food science specially.

Exam Trick

Remember: 80 percent have studied only up to 10th standard. Only 20 percent are food technologists. This shows most workers have basic education.

Points to Remember

Most employees have 10th standard education or less at 80 percent.
Food technologists make up 20 percent of workers.
Graduates are 10 percent of the workforce.
Very few have management education - only 1-2 percent.

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