Maharashtra Board Class 11 Education Chapter 1 Education PDF Download

Chapter 1. Education

1.1 Concept of Education

What characteristics do you find among the students from nursery to 10th Std.?

Do you behave now in the same way as you used to behave in your childhood?

State the major differences of your behaviour.

During our childhood we were very sportive, naughty, stubborn however during our growing age this sportiveness, naughtiness and stubbornness goes on reducing. As per our new experience, we go on changing our actions, our nature and our behaviour. This change in behaviour is called education.

Try to understand from the following chart, what changes are brought about due to education. Apart from the examples given there, add your own experiences in the blank boxes given in the chart.

1.1.1 Indian Educational Thinkers

Education is the manifestation of the perfection already in man. - Swami Vivekananda

By education I mean an allround drawing out of the best in child and man - body, mind and spirit. - Mahatma Gandhi

Education means the expression of the self. - Rabindranath Tagore

Education is the instrument for social, economical and cultural change, it is not only for information, but for knowledge that becomes wisdom. True education is value laden and it searches for truth. - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

Teacher's Note

Education changes how we act and think. Just like a seed grows into a plant, children grow and change through education and experiences.

Exam Trick

Remember: Education = change in behaviour. Every day you learn something new - that is education happening!

Points to Remember

Education is a change in our behaviour and how we act.
We learn from school, family, friends and our surroundings.
Education helps us develop skills, knowledge and good thinking.
Indian thinkers say education brings out the best in us.

1.1.2 Western Educational Thinkers

Education is the perfect development of excellence in human body and soul. - Plato

Education is the development of sound mind in a sound body. - Aristotle

Education is the development of inner natural activities and powers of a child. - Rousseau

Education is a process of living life with continous reconstruction of experiences. - John Dewey

Teacher's Note

Both Indian and Western thinkers say education develops us fully. Education is like water that helps a plant grow strong.

Exam Trick

Remember: Plato = perfect development. Aristotle = sound mind, sound body. Western and Indian thinkers agree education is development.

Points to Remember

Western thinkers focus on developing the body and mind.
Indian thinkers focus on bringing out hidden qualities.
Both agree education is very important for humans.
Education is not just book learning - it is development of everything in us.

1.2 Levels of Education

An English word "Education" has been derived from Latin word "Educare" which means 'to bring up', 'to lead out' or 'to draw out'. Hence education means to Nurture or to help in expressing the hidden qualities or talent. The Marathi word 'Shikshan' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Shiksh' which means to preach.

1.2.1 Primary Education

Primary Education is considered to be basic or fundamental education. It is divided into two stages. The stages from Std. I to Std. V is known as Lower Primary Education, and the stage from Std. VI to VIII is known as the Upper Primary Education.

According to 'Right to Education Act' (RTE) throughout India, the free, compulsory and universal primary education for children in the age group of 6 to 14 years is mandatory. In order to create interest in education among children, primary education has been structured in child-centred mode. The Government has been implementing various schemes like Mid-day Meals, Free uniforms, free Textbooks, Scholarships, Reservations etc. for economically and socially backward sections so that no child should remain deprived of primary education.

As per 'Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 27 August 2009 the government has been entitled the responsibility of providing free, compulsory and universal primary education to all the children in the age group of 6 to 14 years. It also includes the responsibility of providing them admission in schools, to retain their attendance in schools and to get their primary education completed.

Teacher's Note

Primary education is the foundation. The government gives free meals and uniforms to help poor children study like other children do.

Exam Trick

Remember: Primary = Std I to VIII. Lower primary = Std I to V. Upper primary = Std VI to VIII. Ages 6-14 must go to school - that is the law.

Points to Remember

Primary education is Std I to VIII (ages 6-14).
Lower primary is Std I to V.
Upper primary is Std VI to VIII.
Government gives free meals, uniforms and books to students.

General Objectives of Education at Primary Level:

At primary Level, to develop the basic language skills namely listening, speaking, reading and writing both in mother tongue and English.

At upper primary level, to develop basic language skills in mother tongue to high extent and to reinforce the basic language skills in Hindi and English.

To develop scientific attitude and basic scientific skills like observations comparison, classification, experimentation, drawing inferences and presentation.

To develop skills regarding, Information and Communication Technology.

To introduce Indian Cultural traditions and geographical and cultural diversity.

To create awareness regarding social rights and responsibilities along with cooperation and tolerance.

To inculcate the spirit of individual and social responsibility regarding environment protection and conservation.

To create the awareness regarding Dignity of Labour among students.

To develop physical health of students and inculcate hygienic habits among them.

To cultivate the various aesthetic skills among students.

To create the spirit of entrepreneurship.

To develop various life skills.

To create awareness regarding problems like regionalism, superstition, population growth, pollution, terrorism, corruption etc.

Teacher's Note

Primary education teaches children basic skills like reading, writing and speaking. It also teaches them to be good citizens and respect nature.

Exam Trick

Remember: Primary education = language + science + culture + values. It teaches the whole child, not just books.

Points to Remember

Primary education teaches reading, writing, listening and speaking.
It teaches scientific thinking and computer skills.
It teaches Indian culture and values like cooperation.
It teaches care for environment and dignity of all work.

1.2.2 Secondary and Higher Secondary Education

The education provided at Std. IX and X is recognized as secondary education, whereas education provided at Std. XI and XII is known as Higher Secondary Education. The Higher Secondary Education is also referred as Junior College Education.

As per Indian Constitution, Education comes in the concurrent list, which means it comes under both State and Union Government List. Hence Education becomes the responsibility of both State and Union Government. Therefore, the national level general curriculum framework is prepared by NCERT i.e. National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi. After that the MSCERT i.e. Maharashtra State Council of Educational Research and Training develops the appropriate school education curriculum based on the National Curriculum Framework.

In state of Maharashtra, the state level institute Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune ('Balbharati') (Located at Pune) looks after the responsibility of writing, editing, printing and distributing the textbooks from Std. I to Std. XII, and the responsibility of conducting the examinations for Std. X and Std. XII is shouldered by Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education. This board has nine regional boards throughout Maharashtra.

According to recommendations made by Dr. Mudliyar Secondary Education Commission (1952-53) and Dr. Kothari Indian Education Commission (1964-66) in Maharashtra, the reconstruction of Secondary Education was implemented from June 1972. After that from 1975 the new pattern known as 10+2+3 was accepted in the whole state. According to this pattern the first ten years denoted secondary education, followed by next two years of higher secondary education and the next 3 years are for undergraduate education.

Teacher's Note

Secondary education is Std IX and X. Higher secondary is Std XI and XII. NCERT makes the national plans and MSCERT makes state plans for Maharashtra.

Exam Trick

Remember: Secondary = Std IX-X. Higher Secondary = Std XI-XII. NCERT = national level. MSCERT = Maharashtra state level.

Points to Remember

Secondary education is Std IX and X.
Higher Secondary education is Std XI and XII.
NCERT makes national curriculum framework.
Maharashtra Board conducts exams for Std X and XII.

General Objectives of Education at Secondary and Higher Secondary Level:

To develop the competencies of observation, finding similarities, verifying finding through inferences and stating theory etc.

To develop skills regarding information and communication Technology.

To develop essential life skills to get self employment.

To activate them for environment protection and conservation.

To inculcate the values of freedom, equality, justice, brotherhood and respect for diversity among the students.

To develop the competencies among students of moral and psychological strengths, ability to think independently, and an ability to face the forces harmful to social values.

To develop the competencies to grasp the present in the light of past and vision for future.

To introduce the social and economic challenges of the nation.

To introduce the strength of Indian Culture.

To create the awareness regarding Globalization, Localization, Privatization, and Modernization and their mutual inter dependence.

To create awareness about protection of public property and cultural heritage.

To create the awareness of empowerment of women and weaker sections of society.

To inculcate the values of unity in diversity, secularism, social harmony and equality.

To create the awareness about developing and consuming natural resources collectively and wisely.

Teacher's Note

Secondary education teaches students to think for themselves and solve real life problems. Students learn computer skills and values like equality and respect.

Exam Trick

Remember: Secondary education = thinking skills + computer skills + values + real life problems. It prepares students for college and jobs.

Points to Remember

Secondary education teaches observation and logical thinking.
It teaches computer and life skills needed for jobs.
It teaches values like freedom, equality and respect.
It teaches students about society, culture and environment.

1.3 Types of Education

According to imparting and receiving education, there are three types of education. They are known as formal education, non-formal education and informal education.

Teacher's Note

There are three ways to get education - through school, through open schools, and through daily life experiences at home and with friends.

Exam Trick

Remember: Formal = school with rules. Non-formal = open university with no rules. Informal = learning at home from family.

Points to Remember

Formal education is through schools, colleges and universities.
Non-formal education is through open schools and universities.
Informal education is through family, friends and daily life.
All three types are important for complete education.

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