Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 The Economy Of Maharashtra PDF Download

Chapter 4: The Economy of Maharashtra

Introduction

The state of Maharashtra came into existence on 1st May 1960. The state economy has achieved a distinguished status as a result of the collective efforts of its people.

Important Features of the Economy of Maharashtra

1) Maharashtra is the second largest populated state in the country. The population of the state was 11.24 crores during 2011.

2) Maharashtra is the third largest state in the country in terms of geographical area measuring about 3.08 lac sq. kms.

3) It is the most urbanized state with 45.20% of its population living in towns and cities.

4) According to 2011 census, the sex ratio of Maharashtra was 929 females per 1000 males.

5) The state literacy rate was 82.3% as per 2011 census.

6) According to the Economic Survey of Maharashtra for 2016-17, the State had the highest growth of GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) and State Per Capita Income (SPCI) in comparison with other states.

7) The state economy is characterised by abundant natural resources, availability of skilled manpower, technological advancement and developed infrastructure.

8) Maharashtra is the most favoured destination for creativity, skill development, investment and tourism.

Teacher's Note

Maharashtra is very important for India's economy. It has many people, good roads, and many factories like in Mumbai and Pune.

Exam Trick

Remember: Maharashtra = Second largest population. Think of it as second after Uttar Pradesh. Easy to remember!

Points to Remember

Maharashtra became a state on 1st May 1960.
It has 11.24 crore people according to 2011 census.
45.20% people live in cities, not villages.
Sex ratio is 929 females per 1000 males.
Literacy rate is 82.3%.

Administrative Divisions of Maharashtra

As per Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2017-18, the state has been divided into 36 districts under 6 revenue divisions. These divisions are Mumbai, Pune, Nashik, Aurangabad, Amaravati and Nagpur. They are divided for administrative reasons.

Teacher's Note

Maharashtra has 36 districts divided into 6 regions for easy administration. Just like your school has different classes for easier management.

Exam Trick

Remember the 6 divisions: M-P-N-A-A-N = Mumbai, Pune, Nashik, Aurangabad, Amaravati, Nagpur. Use this acronym to remember!

Points to Remember

Maharashtra has 36 districts in total.
There are 6 revenue divisions.
The 6 divisions are Mumbai, Pune, Nashik, Aurangabad, Amaravati and Nagpur.
Divisions help in good administration of the state.
Each division has many districts under it.

Economic Development of Maharashtra

A) Agricultural Sector

Agriculture and allied activities play an important role in the economic development of the state. As per Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2017-18, the share of agriculture and allied activities in the total Gross State Value Added (GSVA) was 12.2% during 2016-17. This was against 15.3% during 2001-02. This shows a declining trend over the period.

General Problems in the Agricultural Sector

i) Decrease in the average size of land holdings leads to low farm productivity.

ii) Increase in the number of small and marginal farmers.

iii) Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, leading to soil degradation.

iv) Agricultural indebtedness.

v) Poor implementation of land reforms and adverse crop pattern.

vi) Dry land and inadequate irrigation facilities.

vii) Lack of capital

viii) Improper implementation of rural development plans.

ix) Lack of marketing facilities

x) Impact of climatic changes

Teacher's Note

Farmers in Maharashtra face many problems like small farms and no water for crops. The government tries to help them with seeds, money and water.

Exam Trick

Remember: Agricultural problems = Small land + No water + Debt. These three are the main issues farmers face.

Points to Remember

Farmers have small pieces of land which give low productivity.
Many farmers use too much chemical fertilizer which damages soil.
Farmers have no money to buy good seeds and tools.
There is not enough water for irrigation in dry areas.
Farmers cannot sell crops directly because of middlemen.

Measures Undertaken by the Government for Agricultural Development

1) Distribution of quality seeds at reasonable rates.

2) Increased number of outlets for fertilizer and pesticide distribution.

3) Development of irrigation facilities.

4) Electrification of agricultural pumps and efforts to provide 'electricity on demand'.

5) Financial assistance as per requirements.

6) Setting up of Agriculture Produce Marketing Committees (APMC), establishment of agro export zones, horticultural training centres, grading and packing facilities for effective distribution.

7) Creating awareness about agricultural information through the use of mass media for making agriculture a profit making business.

Teacher's Note

The government gives farmers good seeds, electricity, water and help them sell crops at fair prices. This is like helping your friend with study materials.

Exam Trick

Remember: Government helps farmers with 4 things = Seeds, Water, Money, Marketing. Use these 4 S-W-M-M to remember!

Points to Remember

Government gives quality seeds at low prices to farmers.
Electricity is provided to pump water from wells.
APMC committees help farmers sell crops at good prices.
Financial help is given to farmers who need money.
Training centers teach new farming methods to farmers.

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