Maharashtra Board Class 11 Animal Science And Technology Chapter 1 Scope And Opportunities In Animal Husbandry PDF Download

Scope And Opportunities In Animal Husbandry

India is basically an agricultural country having the primary source of livelihood for 54.6 per cent of India's population and contributes 17.4 per cent to the country's total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Livestock is an integral part of Agriculture, in fact the Indian economy is closely knit with agriculture and livestock and both are crucial for overall food security. Now a day's agriculture sector is undergoing a historic change as livestock has surpassed the economy of food grain and today finally the policy makers of country recognized livestock as the engine of agriculture growth.

Can You Recall?

1. Different sources of Indian economy

2. Status of Livestock during "Mahabhrata"

3. What do you mean by Animal Husbandry?

4. Intergrated Livestock Farming

Besides providing cheap and nutritious food to millions of people, animal husbandry is playing a significant role in generating gainful employment in the rural areas, particularly among the landless, small and marginal farmers and women. According to National Survey Scheme (NSS,2013), 23 per cent agricultural households 16.44 million workers are engaged in the activities of farming of animals. Employment in livestock sector is fast catching and has implications for poverty too. It has been observed that rural poverty is less in states where livestock contributes more to farm income.

India is basically an agricultural country and it is likely to be so, in future to come. At present 54.6 per cent of Indians depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Out of the total land holding 30 per cent is held by small and marginal farmers. They manage 80 per cent of total livestock in the country. Livestock production is more impressive than that of food grain production. The activity of livestock production is largely confined to the rural sector as land labour capital and organization are the basic resources available in the rural sector. These four factors of livestock production are roped in proportionately to augment the production of finished goods; namely milk, meat, pork, wool and related multifarious products of commercial importance. These products follow their regular path-ways of processing, preservation, pricing and quality control. The age-old format of conventional dairy management is being transformed into a more meaningful and scientific form based on improved breeding, feeding, heeding, housing and health cover practices. Apart from milk, meat, eggs, wool and leather, various animal species are also used for draught power, companionship, entertainment, research experimentation, sports, security etc. Fortunately, India has blessed with tremendous livestock wealth, both in terms of number as well as diversity. This is endeavored with the complexity to sustain under harsh climatic conditions with scarce resources.

Livestock plays an important role in Indian economy. About 20.5 million people depend upon livestock for their livelihood. Livestcok contributed 16 per cent to the income of small farm households as against an average of 14 per cent for all rural households.

Remember...

Livestock sector contributes country's 4.11 % of GDP and 25.67 % of total agriculture GDP.

Do You Know?

India has the largest cattle population in the world.

Teacher's Note

Livestock helps Indian farmers earn extra money. For example, a farmer in Punjab can sell milk from buffalo every day and get regular income like a bank account.

Exam Trick

Remember: Livestock = Extra Income for farmers. Just like a small shop earns money daily, animals also give money daily through milk, meat, and eggs.

Points to Remember

54.6 per cent of Indians depend on agriculture for their livelihood.
Livestock provides regular income to farmers through milk sales.
Animals help poor farmers earn money during emergencies.
Small and marginal farmers manage 80 per cent of total livestock in India.
Livestock also provides food security and employment to rural people.

Present Position Of Livestock And Poultry In India And World

Livestock comprising mainly cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats have a complementary, supplementary, symbiotic and sustainable relationship with crop production under mixed farming system prevalent in our country. India has a distinguished livestock heritage and a place of pride in the history of livestock development in the world. It has shared its livestock resources with many countries all over world, thus contributing immensely in livestock development on a global scale.

India has the largest number of breeds of livestock and poultry in the World. After 15 new breeds of livestock and poultry registered with NBAGR (National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal) on 5th September, 2018, now India has total of 184 breeds of livestock and poultry. Among these we have 43 cattle, 16 buffalo, 34 goat, 44 sheep and and 9 chicken breeds. One-seventh of all cattle breeds, nearly all buffalo breeds, one-third of the goat breeds and one-sixth of sheep breeds of the world are in India. Our zebu cattle are much prized for their hardiness ability to digest coarse fibres heat tolerance, disease resistance and adaptability to harsh tropical climatic conditions. Indian game fowl (Aseel) is reported to have contributed to the emergence of modern broiler breeds. Likewise, the Red Indian Jungle fowl has been used for evolution of modern laying birds.

Can You Tell?

1. Current Total Livestock and poultry breeds in India

2. Different livestock species found in India

As per 19th Livestock Census (2012) India is holding 11.60 percent of World's livestock population, consisting 57.83 percent buffaloes, 15.06 percent cattle, 17.93 percent goats and 7.14 percent sheep. India ranks first in the world in respect of buffalo and cattle while second in goat population and third in sheep population. However, the total livestock population of India decreased by about 3.33 per cent in 2012 census over the previous 2007 census. The cattle population in the 19th census decreased by 4.10 per cent, sheep by 9.07 percent, goat by 3.82 percent and pigs by 7.54 percent while buffalo population increased by 3.19 percent and poultry by 12.39 percent over the previous 2007 census. In India Uttar Pradesh is ranking first in buffalo population and the total livestock population while Andhra Pradesh ranks first in sheep and total poultry population.

Do You Know?

1. India is having highest livestock population in the world

2. First in cattle & buffalo population

3. Second in goat population

4. Third in sheep population

5. Fifth in poultry population

India has 729.20 million poultry resulted in 12.39 per cent growth over the previous census. Poultry in India developed very fast in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Karnataka, Assam and Jharkhand. The buffalo population in Maharashtra decreased from 6.94 million in 2007 to 5.59 million in 2012 and cattle population also decreased from 16.18 million in 2007 to 15.48 million in 2012. The sheep and goat population also decreased from 2.91 and 10.39 million in 2007 to 2.58 and 8.43 million in 2012, respectively. Only the poultry population has been tremendously increased from 16.27 million in 2007 to 77.80 million in 2012 showing nearly 5 times growth.

Teacher's Note

India has more animals than any other country in the world. This is like having the biggest farm in the class - we have the most buffalo, cattle, and other animals!

Exam Trick

Remember: India is FIRST in cattle and buffalo. Think of it as India's special talent - we have more buffalo milk and cattle than any other country!

Points to Remember

India holds 11.60 percent of world's livestock population.
India is first in buffalo and cattle population in the world.
India is second in goat population and third in sheep population.
India has 729.20 million poultry birds.
Poultry grew 5 times more from 2007 to 2012.

Scope And Limitations For Livestock And Poultry Farming In India

Livestock is an integral component of agriculture. It makes multifarious contributions to the growth and development of the agricultural sector. Though the GDP of agriculture has shown a declining trend during recent decades, it has a large scope to sort-out the causes of lacunae and correct them. Livestock helps to improve food production and provide nutritional security. It generates income, employment and act as a cushion against crop failure. It provides draft power and manure inputs to raise the crop. It also contributes to foreign exchange through the export of animal products. By using crop residues as feed, livestock saves land for food production that would otherwise be used for fodder production. Additionally, livestock contributes to environment conservation, supplies draft power, manure and domestic fuel that saves the use of petro-products.

The contribution of agriculture sector to the total GDP in 1950-51 was 50.50 per cent of which the share of Animal husbandry was 15.50 per cent. From 1980-81 to 2008-09 period the contribution of agricultural sector fell from 46.40 to 17.20 per cent, while the contribution of Animal Husbandry as per cent of agriculture went up from 18.63 in 1980-81 to 25.60 in 2017-18 which speaks about potential of Animal Husbandry sector to boost the national economy. The contribution of livestock sector to the total GDP was 4.11 per cent in 2017-18.

As per the Annual Report (2017-18) published by the Department of Animal Husbandary, Dairying and Fisheries, Government of India, Annual production and per capita availability of livestock products are shown in Table 1.2

Teacher's Note

Livestock helps farmers by using animal waste as fertilizer. For example, cow dung can be used in fields instead of buying expensive chemical fertilizer - it is like free food for the soil!

Exam Trick

Remember: Livestock = Money + Food + Fuel. Animals give milk (food), manure (fertilizer), and dung (fuel) - three things at once!

Points to Remember

Livestock creates income, employment, and food security for farmers.
Animal products include milk, meat, eggs, wool, and leather.
Livestock also provides draft power and fertilizer for crops.
Animal farming saves expensive petro-products by giving dung as fuel.
Livestock helps when crops fail due to bad weather.

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