Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management PDF Download

Disaster Management

Disaster. Types of disaster. Effect of disaster. Effect/Impact of disaster. Disaster management. The nature and extent of disaster. First aid and emergency action. Mock drill.

Disaster

Variously dangerous events occur many times in the environment. Those are called as disasters. Some of the main natural disasters are floods, wet and dry famine, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanoes, etc. These are 'all of a sudden' troubles to the mankind. Such events cause sudden changes in the environment and thereby cause the damage to it. Environment is also damaged due to use of natural resources for our development. This leads to sudden disasters, unexpected to human. These can be called as man-made disasters.

United Nations has defined the disaster as 'the sudden event that leads to the huge loss of life and property. Words like 'huge' and 'sudden' are important in the definition. As the disaster occurs suddenly, it cannot be predicted. Hence, precautions are not possible. Huge losses to the property occur in the area of disaster. There are long term effects on society due to incidences of life and property loss. Various areas of life like economic, social, cultural, political, law and administration, etc. are affected by it. The life in the area of disaster disturbs totally. There is loss to life and property of the people in distress.

Earlier, we have studied various types of disasters and the measures to be taken. None of the different disasters are similar. Period of each disaster is not same. Some disasters are short term where as some are long term. Reasons behind each disaster are also different. Depending upon the nature of disaster, it can be determined that which component of the environment will be affected more.

1. What is disaster?

2. Which disasters have you experienced in your area?

3. What are the effects of that disaster on local and surrounding conditions?

Earlier, we have studied the effects of various types of disasters and the precautionary measures to be taken in case any disaster happens. We can classify the disasters in other ways too; like catastrophic disasters. Ex. Cyclones in Odisha, catastrophic earthquakes of Gujarat and Latur, frequently buzzing cyclones in coastal Andhra Pradesh, etc. which lead to total chaos, huge loss of life and property in respective region. However, irrespective of all these, life has always returned to normal within short time. Disasters making the impact for long duration are those whose after-effects are either severe or severity increases with time. Ex. Famine, various problems of crop, strikes of workers, rising levels of oceans, desertification, etc.

Teacher's Note

A disaster is a sudden event that causes great harm to people and buildings. For example, floods in India damage homes and crops suddenly.

Exam Trick

Remember: Disasters happen suddenly and cannot be predicted. Just like a sudden power cut, disasters also come without warning.

Points to Remember

Disasters are dangerous events that happen suddenly in nature.
They cause big losses to life and property.
Some disasters are short term and some are long term.
Natural disasters are floods, earthquakes, cyclones.
Man-made disasters are accidents, wars, and pollution.

Types of Disasters

Observe the following images. Whether the places of disasters are known to you? Discuss the effects of these disasters on public life. How it could have been saved from these disasters? Discuss with your friends in the class-room.

Search for the video clips of disasters. Discuss in your class about effects of disasters and remedies over it.

1. Which are the destructive effects of flood?

2. Which are the effects of dry famine?

3. Which are the destructive effects of earthquake?

4. What is forest fire? What is its effect on environment?

Teacher's Note

There are three main types of disasters: natural, biological, and man-made. In India, we often see floods during monsoon that destroy crops and homes.

Exam Trick

Remember: Geophysical = Earth disasters like earthquakes. Biological = disease disasters. Man-made = disasters made by humans like wars.

Points to Remember

Geophysical disasters include earthquakes, floods, and cyclones.
Biological disasters include diseases and forest fires.
Man-made disasters include wars, accidents, and terrorism.
Each type of disaster needs different management plans.
Understanding disaster types helps us prepare better.

Effects of Disaster

We have understood the serious effects of disaster with the help of above-mentioned questions. Collapsing of bridges, flooding of coastal villages, shortage of food are some of the problems of floods. Collapsing of houses, developing cracks in land are some of the effects of earthquake. Disasters like forest fire and drought also adversely affect the environment. However, what is exact nature of these disasters? Whether there are any changes in nature before the occurrence of disasters? For how long the effects occur after the occurrence of disaster? How? It needs to be think over all these aspects. This helps us to understand the nature and gravity of the disaster.

Disasters definitely affect the economy of the nation. That effect is always relative to disaster and economy i.e. if any port is destroyed, there are long lasting effects on economy due to huge expenses on its reconstruction. An effect of disaster on social leadership is that if local leadership is not strong enough, citizen become confused. It affects their participation in rescue and rehabilitation activities. Administrative problems arise during the disaster. If local governing bodies are affected by disasters, related departments cannot answer the problems of disaster efficiently. All the concerned departments are affected by disaster and thereby entire system collapses.

What will be the effect on yourself and surrounding, if any accident-like disaster occurs during the sports on playground or in school?

Different problems occurs with disasters. in the concept map different effects are mentioned. Read it and fill the blank places.

Environmental: Partial or complete collapsing of buildings, drying out of water sources, contamination of water, Stinky pollution of environment due to decomposing corpses of humans and other animals.

Medical: Injuries, emotional / mental stress, increase in epidemics, death of victims.

Professional: Stress on workers, collapsing of transport system, shortage of facilities, etc.

Economic: Sudden increase in fund expenditure, shortage of funds for development of other sectors, decrease in productivity.

Social and Political: (blank spaces to be filled)

Depending upon above information, explain the various effects of the disaster of railway accident.

Teacher's Note

Disasters affect many areas of life like health, jobs, and money. For example, a flood damages hospitals, closes shops, and costs money to rebuild.

Exam Trick

Remember: Disaster effects are in six areas - Environmental, Medical, Professional, Economic, Social, and Political. Think of each one separately in exams.

Points to Remember

Disasters damage buildings, roads, and water sources.
People get injured and face mental stress during disasters.
Workers lose jobs and transport systems break down.
Governments spend lots of money rebuilding after disasters.
Community leaders help people feel safe and recover faster.

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