Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Part 1 Chapter 9 Carbon Compounds PDF Download

Carbon Compounds

What Are The Types Of Compounds?

In the previous standards we have seen that organic and inorganic compounds are the two important types of compounds. Except materials fabricated from metal and glass/soil several other materials from foodstuff to fuels are made up of organic compounds. The essential element in all the organic compounds is carbon. About 200 years back it was believed that organic compounds are obtained directly or indirectly from the organisms. However, after synthesis of the organic compound urea from an inorganic compound in the laboratory, the organic compounds received a new identity as carbon compounds. All the compounds having carbon as a constituent element are called as organic compounds. The compounds carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbide salts, carbonate salts and bicarbonate salts are exception; they are inorganic compounds of carbon.

Bonds In Carbon Compounds

You have learnt about the ionic compounds in the previous chapter. You have seen that ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points and they conduct electricity in the molten and dissolved state. You have also seen that these properties of ionic compounds are explained on the basis of the ionic bonds in them. The table 9.1 shows melting and boiling points of a few carbon compounds. Are these values higher or lower as compared to the ionic compounds?

Generally the melting and boiling points of carbon compounds are found to be lower than 300 °C. From this we understood that the intermolecular attractive forces are weak in carbon compounds.

In the previous standard on testing the electrical conductivity of carbon compounds, glucose and urea you have observed that they are not electrical conductors. Generally most of the carbon compounds are found to be bad conductors of electricity. From it we understand that structures of most of the carbon compounds lack ionic bonds. It means that the chemical bonds in carbon compounds do not produce ions.

Can You Recall?

1. What is meant by a chemical bond?

2. What is the number of chemical bonds that an atom of an element forms called?

3. What are the two important types of chemical bonds?

Can You Tell?

1. What are the types of compounds?

2. Objects in everyday use such as foodstuff, fibers, paper, medicines, wood, fuels, are made of various compounds. Which constituent elements are common in these compounds?

3. To which group in the periodic table does the element carbon belongs? Write down the electronic configuration of carbon and deduce the valency of carbon.

Teacher's Note

Carbon is in everything we use. For example, the plastic bag you use for shopping is made from carbon compounds. Even the food we eat like rice and sugar are carbon compounds.

Exam Trick

Remember: Carbon compounds are very different from ionic compounds. Carbon compounds have LOW melting points. Ionic compounds have HIGH melting points. This is easy to remember!

Points To Remember

Organic compounds always have carbon as the main element.
Inorganic compounds can have carbon but are different from organic compounds.
Carbon bonds are called covalent bonds, not ionic bonds.
Carbon compounds have low melting and boiling points.
Carbon compounds are bad conductors of electricity.

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