Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Disaster Management Solutions

Std 10 Science Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Class 10 Science Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management Question Answer Maharashtra Board

 

Question 1. Complete the table.

Disaster	Symptoms	Effects	Remedy
Motor accident	There is traffic jam	Somebody is injured. The car also gets damaged. If accident is on larger scale, many people are injured. Some may die too.	First disperse the crowd. The injured person should be given first aid and then rushed to hospital for immediate medical help.
Landsliding	The gravity and severity of the landslide depends upon location of the landslide.	If there are houses located near the landslide or on cliffs, there would be a major disaster. The houses and people therein are most likely to be buried. The traffic will also halt if the landslide is near the major roads.	The authority should be informed. Injured and trapped people should be removed from the rubble and given medical help as soon as possible.
Forest Fire	There is smoke spread out in the atmosphere. If it takes place in natural, forests, the birds and the animals run helter skelter to save their lives. The huge flames can be seen.	Everything turns into ashes.	The fire-fighting units should be called to extinguish the fires if they are spreading in nearby areas. We should also help in putting off the fire. If anyone is injured, he/she should be given medical help.
Theft	The latch or the lock is broken. The valuables from and the home or shop are missing. Everything in the house is strewn here and there.	There are financial losses and also mental and emotional shock is severe. In some cases, physical injury can also happen.	Police should be called to nab the criminals.
Riot	The cities, towns or villages show signs of tense atmosphere. People gather in groups and discuss something secretively.	There is financial loss for all the rioting groups. The belongings, houses, shops etc. are destroyed or damaged. Property is looted. Ladies and children suffer the most as they are easily victimized.	As children, we cannot stop the riots. But we can take help of police force. We can establish mohalla committees for peaceful behaviour with each other. For that the wise members from each community will be summoned.
War	There are tense conditions in the border areas of both the countries. Both the countries, try to instigate each other.	Tremendous destruction causing loss. Many lives are lost. The costs of all the items rise due to war conditions. Entire nation faces insecurity.	The peace agreement in both the conflicting countries.
Epidemic	Sudden rise in the number of patients of that particular disease. Dispensaries and hospitals are suddenly crowded.	Many people contract the communicable disease and thus are infected. Some of them die due to further complications. There is great demand for medicines in the pharmacy shops.	Mass immunization programmes to be undertaken. Safety of food and potable water to be enhanced.
Drought	There is scarcity of water. Women of the house bring water from the far-off water bodies. Tankers are seen supplying the water.	It is a time of dry famine. The crops are unable to grow to the fullest. Cattle suffer due to lack of water and grass.	Water management to be done. Rainwater harvesting, and other methods of water conservation to be undertaken by drought-prone villages.
Locust attack	The locusts are seen hovering over the crops. The standing crop is seen to be attacked.	Crops are damaged to a great extent.	Proper spraying of organic pesticides.
Financial crisis	The financial security of the nation is seen dwindling. There is lull in the share market.	The poverty rises. The buying power of people is reduced. The buying-selling activities are seen to be suspended. Entire economic systems collapse.	The employment opportunities should be increased. People should be helped to set up the business.
Flood	The water level of canals, streams, rivers, etc. is seen to be rising.	The low-lying and the coastal areas are seen to be submerged. The entire region is waterlogged.	People and animals have to be shifted from the water-logged region to the safer places at the heights. After the flood water recedes the care has to be taken for controlling epidemics of communicable diseases that can spread rapidly due to deteriorating conditions in the region.
Famine	Rainfall is scanty. The water from the reservoirs and canals also recede. The crops do not grow. The crevices on the land and farms can be seen clearly.	People and cattle are starved. Due to lack of water and food the cattle die. There is major scarcity of the food grains. The prices of the food grains and other items, go on rising.	In the drought-prone regions, famine is very common. So care is to be taken for water conservation before it rains. Select the crops that are resistant to such dry conditions.

Answer: The table above provides a comprehensive overview of various disasters, their symptoms, effects, and recommended remedies. Each entry details how specific events like motor accidents or floods manifest, the immediate and long-term consequences, and practical steps for management and recovery.
In simple words: This table explains different types of disasters, what signs to look for, what happens because of them, and how to deal with them effectively to minimize harm.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the interrelation between disaster types, symptoms, effects, and remedies is crucial for high scores, especially in comprehensive questions requiring detailed explanations.

 

Question 2. Write notes.

(a) Disaster Management Authority.
Answer: Disaster Management Authority is the body that works at the level of government from national level to village level. This work is basically about management of any disaster and tackling the problems of the affected people. At National level there is National Disaster Management Authority for which the Prime Minister is the chairman. For every state there is State Disaster Management Authority, where the chief minister of every state is the chairman. Under the state level, there are district level units where district collector is responsible for disaster management and implementation of rehabilitation schemes. Below district level authority there are Taluka and then Village Disaster Management Committees.
In simple words: The Disaster Management Authority is a government body, from national to village level, responsible for planning and coordinating efforts to manage disasters and help affected people, with specific officials in charge at each level.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about organizational structures, clearly mention the hierarchy and the key personnel at each level (e.g., Prime Minister for National, Chief Minister for State, Collector for District) for better clarity and score.

 

(b) Nature of disaster management.
Answer: Disaster management involves either prevention of disasters (Pre-disaster management) or creating preparedness to face them (Post-disaster management). The action plans are prepared for managing disasters. This is done after studying the different aspects such as preventive measures, rehabilitation and reconstruction plans. The disasters are tackled by executing action plans in the following steps: Preparation, redemption, preparedness, action during actual disaster, response, resurgence and restoration. At every level there are other voluntary organizations and Government meteorological institutions for their help.
In simple words: Disaster management focuses on both preventing disasters and being ready to respond to them, involving structured plans and actions like preparation, rescue, and recovery, often with help from various organizations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the sequential steps of disaster management (Preparation, redemption, preparedness, action during actual disaster, response, resurgence, and restoration) to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the process.

 

(c) Mock drill.
Answer:

• Mock drill is the practice to check whether there is preparedness for dealing with the sudden attack of disaster.
• For this purpose, virtual or apparent situations that simulate the disaster are created.
• The reaction time for any type of disaster is checked by such activity. In the presence of trained personnel, the execution of the rescue plans are observed.
• People also understand their responsibilities at the time of actual disaster.
• The experts also check execution of plan designed for disaster redressal.
• By such mock drills, the efficacy of the system can be understood. In future, when actual calamity strikes, there is already preparation for disaster redressal. Therefore, mock drill is useful.

In simple words: A mock drill is a simulated practice session for disasters, designed to test readiness, improve response times, and help people understand their roles, making future disaster responses more effective.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the benefits of mock drills, such as checking preparedness, improving reaction time, and clarifying roles, as these points are key to understanding their utility.

 

(d) Disaster Management Act, 2005.
Answer: Government of India has made Disaster Management Act in 2005. The affected people are given all necessary help as per this act. With the humanitarian view, people are rehabilitated and helped them to come back to normalcy after the disaster. As per this Act, National Disaster Response Force has been established. This force consists of 12 divisions in entire India which are attached with Indian Army. The headquarter is located in Delhi, but the action is taken all over the country with the help of army. As per the Act, in Maharashtra National Disaster Response Force is in action through State Reserve Police Force. The personnel of this force are trained accordingly, and they take part in the rescue work during different disasters.
In simple words: The Disaster Management Act of 2005 by the Indian Government ensures aid and rehabilitation for disaster victims and established the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) to conduct rescue operations nationwide.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing acts, always mention the year of enactment and the key provisions like the establishment of response forces and their operational structure.

 

Question 3. Answer the following questions.

(a) Explain the role of district disaster control unit after occurrence of any disaster.
Answer:

• (1) District control unit looks after the disaster management of the district.
• (2) It is immediately formed either after the impact of disaster or if warning is given about some upcoming disaster.

District-wise Disaster Control Unit performs following role:

• The review of various aspects of disasters is done.
• Through the disaster control unit there is continuous contact established with various agencies like army, air force, navy, telecommunication department, paramilitary forces, etc. for obtaining help.
• The unit also coordinates with various voluntary organizations for their help in disaster management.

In simple words: The district disaster control unit manages disaster response within its district, forming quickly after a disaster or warning, coordinating with various forces and organizations to review situations and provide aid.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the coordination aspect of the district disaster control unit, highlighting its role in liaising with multiple agencies and voluntary organizations.

 

(b) Give the reasons for increase in human disasters after the World War-II.
Answer:

• After Second World War, the feelings of peace and brotherhood among the global citizens were lost. The geographic, religious, racial and ethnic differences sprang up tremendously.
• Atrocities that Nazi has performed made deep impact on the minds of people. Terrorism, abduction, robberies and social unrest increased in almost all the countries.
• The financial losses had incurred in the World War II. The misuse of science and technology was done to retrieve these deficits.
• At the end of World War II, the atomic bombs were dropped in Japan. This has created health problems in the entire world.
• Social inequality, economic disparity, racial and religious differences were some adversaries that created unrest in the country.
• Later, the neighbouring nations kept on fighting. The geographical boundaries were changed. People always had feelings of insecurity. The terrorism flourished. All such instances gave rise to man-made disasters.

In simple words: After World War II, human disasters increased due to a decline in peace, a rise in ethnic and religious differences, and a surge in terrorism and social unrest fueled by past atrocities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on socio-political factors and their long-term consequences to explain the increase in human-made disasters post-World War II.

 

(c) What are the objectives of disaster management?
(OR)
State any four objectives of disaster management.
Answer:
Objectives of disaster management:

• To save human life from disasters. To help them for moving away from the place of disasters by rapid action.
• To supply essential commodities to the affected people. This helps to reduce the gravity of disaster. People are given grains, water and clothes and other basic necessities under this objective.
• To bring back the conditions of affected people to normalcy.
• To rehabilitate the affected and displaced victims.
• To think and execute the protective measures in order to develop capability to face the disasters in future.

In simple words: Disaster management aims to save lives, provide essential supplies, restore normal conditions, rehabilitate victims, and build future capacity to handle disasters.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the objectives clearly and concisely, focusing on both immediate relief and long-term preparedness and rehabilitation.

 

(d) Why is it essential to get the training of first aid?
Answer: When there is a disaster, we need to immediately help the victim. Till the medical help arrives, one should be in position to treat the injured and save his or her life. In such cases; knowing first- aid is essential. Such kind of a need may arise in case of our parents, our siblings at home or with friends in school. Those who are injured should be treated at once. If we know about techniques of first aid, we can save such person before the medical help arrives. Therefore, it is essential to get the training of the first aid.
In simple words: First aid training is crucial because it allows immediate assistance to injured individuals during a disaster, potentially saving lives before professional medical help arrives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the time-critical nature of first aid in disaster situations and its potential to prevent further harm or fatality before professional help is available.

 

(e) Which different methods are used for transportation of patients? Why?
Answer: For the transportation of patients following methods are used:

• Cradle method: This method is used for children and persons with less weight.
• Carrying piggy back: This method is useful in carrying the unconscious persons.
• Human crutch method: If one leg of the person is injured, then the victim is supported with minimum load on the other leg. This is called human crutch method.
• Pulling or lifting method: For carrying an unconscious person for a short distance this method is used.
• Carrying on four-hand chair: This method is used when the support is needed for a part below waist region.
• Carrying on two-hand chair: Patients that cannot use their hands but can hold their body upright, are carried by such method.
• Stretcher: By making temporary stretcher in case of emergency, the unconscious patient can be moved. Such temporary stretchers are made by using bamboos, blanket, etc.

In simple words: Various methods like cradle, piggyback, human crutch, and improvised stretchers are used to safely transport patients depending on their condition and injury, especially for those unable to move themselves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a clear list of patient transport methods and briefly explain when each method is most appropriate, demonstrating practical knowledge.

 

Question 4. On the basis of the structure of disaster management authority, form the same for your school.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह आरेख एक विद्यालय में आपदा प्रबंधन संरचना को दर्शाता है। शीर्ष पर 'स्कूल प्रबंधन' है, जिसके नीचे 'प्रिंसिपल', 'चिकित्सा अधिकारी' और 'अभिभावक प्रतिनिधि' हैं। प्रिंसिपल के नीचे 'आपदा प्रबंधन के लिए प्रभारी शिक्षक' हैं, जो 'पर्यवेक्षक' और 'उप-प्रिंसिपल' से जुड़े हैं। 'प्रभारी शिक्षक' के नीचे 'कक्षा शिक्षक' आते हैं, जो आगे 'छात्र प्रतिनिधियों' (लड़के और लड़कियां) से जुड़े हैं। निचले स्तर पर 'चपरासी' और 'सहायक' भी आपदा प्रबंधन दल का हिस्सा हैं। यह संरचना विद्यालय के भीतर एक संगठित और प्रभावी आपदा प्रतिक्रिया प्रणाली को दर्शाती है।
In simple words: This diagram outlines a school's disaster management structure, showing how the Principal, teachers, student representatives, and other staff are organized to respond to emergencies.

🎯 Exam Tip: When presenting an organizational structure, ensure all key roles and their hierarchical relationships are clearly defined, showing a cohesive system for effective management.

 

Question 5. Write down the reasons, effects and remedial measures taken for any two disasters experienced by you.
Answer: Students are expected to write the answer based on their own experiences.
In simple words: For this question, you need to think about two disasters you've personally experienced or witnessed and then describe why they happened, what their impacts were, and how they were dealt with.

🎯 Exam Tip: While answering personal experience questions, ensure your description is structured: clearly state the disaster, its causes, effects (both immediate and long-term), and the specific remedial actions taken.

 

Question 6. Which different aspects of disaster management would you check for your school? Why?
Answer: For the pre-disaster management at school following aspects would be inspected.

• Are the telephones of the school working properly?
• Is there a first-aid box in each class?
• Are there any basic medicines in the school?
• Is the team ready for rescue of smaller children from lower classes?
• Has monitor or prefect participated in a mock drill? Does he/she know about first aid?
• Is the contact of parent representative available in emergency situations?
• Is the Medical Officer/Doctor present on the school campus?
• Is there enough drinking water and some dry snacks available in the school?
• Are the staircases and corridors suitable for quick evacuation of the children?

In simple words: For school disaster preparedness, I would check if communication systems are functional, if first-aid and medical supplies are available, if staff and students are trained for emergencies, and if evacuation routes are clear and safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating disaster preparedness for a school, cover key areas like communication, medical readiness, personnel training, and evacuation infrastructure for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 7. Identify the type of disaster.

(a) Terrorism.
Answer: Man-made, intentional. Due to the activities of terrorism, many innocent lives are lost. Many are seriously injured. Some become crippled for their entire life. Buildings, monuments, vehicles everything is completely destroyed. There is rift between different religions or sects. The peaceful atmosphere is disturbed. The entire society is under the constant fear of insecurity.
In simple words: Terrorism is a man-made, intentional disaster causing loss of life, injuries, widespread destruction, and social unrest, creating a pervasive sense of insecurity.

🎯 Exam Tip: For identifying disaster types, always categorize them first (man-made, natural, etc.) and then describe their specific impacts comprehensively.

 

(b) Soil erosion.
Answer: Natural, geophysical, geological. When the upper fertile layer of soil is lost, it becomes barren. The trees are uprooted. The fertility of the area is lost. The land becomes unsuitable for cultivation or farming. Due to wind, flowing water or grazing animals the naturally occurring soil erosion becomes hazardous for the environment.
In simple words: Soil erosion is a natural geophysical disaster where the top fertile layer of soil is lost, making land barren, uprooting trees, and damaging the environment due to natural forces or overgrazing.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing environmental disasters like soil erosion, explain both the natural classification and the ecological consequences, such as loss of fertility and habitat destruction.

 

(c) Hepatitis.
Answer: Natural, biological, animal-origin. Hepatitis is a viral disease which spreads through the contaminated food and water. The outburst of epidemic of hepatitis is difficult to control. As in big cities the quality of road side food is often consumed, the spread of hepatitis is fast. People suffer due to hepatitis.
In simple words: Hepatitis is a natural, biological, animal-origin disaster, a viral disease spread by contaminated food and water, which can quickly become an epidemic, especially in urban areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: For biological disasters, specify the nature of the disease (viral, bacterial), its mode of transmission, and the factors contributing to its rapid spread.

 

(d) Forest fire.
Answer: Natural, biological, plant-origin. Due to heat and wind, the dry grass and the shrubs catch fire in the forests, resulting in forest fires. Such rapidly spreading forest fire can finish the biodiversity within a very short span of time. It is difficult to extinguish the naturally lit forest fires. Many trees and other vegetation, animals and birds along with their habitats are destroyed due to forest fire. The smoke emanating causes the air pollution.
In simple words: Forest fire is a natural, biological, plant-origin disaster caused by heat and wind, quickly destroying biodiversity, vegetation, animal habitats, and causing significant air pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing forest fires, include both the triggering conditions (heat, wind) and the comprehensive ecological impact (biodiversity loss, habitat destruction, air pollution).

 

(e) Famine.
Answer: Natural, climatic. Due to famine there is severe water scarcity. In absence of water, the fields and farms become barren as the crops cannot grow without water. There is shortage of food grains. The cattle dies due to want of water and grass. Local people have to migrate in search of food, water and shelter.
In simple words: Famine is a natural, climatic disaster characterized by severe water and food scarcity, leading to crop failure, livestock death, and forced migration of people.

🎯 Exam Tip: For famine, emphasize the cascading effects starting from climatic conditions (water scarcity) leading to agricultural failure, livestock loss, and human displacement.

 

(f) Theft.
Answer: Man-made, intentional. Theft causes economic loss for the one whose money or valuables are looted. The person who suffers the loss also undergo mental and emotional shock. Sometimes the thief may also cause physical harm. It may cost on life too.
In simple words: Theft is a man-made, intentional disaster resulting in economic loss, mental and emotional distress, and potential physical harm or even loss of life for the victim.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining social disasters like theft, clearly outline both the material (economic) and psychological impacts on the victim.

 

Question 8. Some symbols are given below. Explain those symbols. Which disasters may occur if those symbols are ignored?
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र विभिन्न चेतावनी प्रतीकों को दर्शाता है जो खतरनाक पदार्थों से जुड़े संभावित खतरों को इंगित करते हैं। इन प्रतीकों में विस्फोटक, ज्वलनशील, ऑक्सीकारक, संपीड़ित गैस, संक्षारक, जहरीले, उत्तेजक, पर्यावरणीय रूप से खतरनाक और स्वास्थ्य के लिए खतरनाक पदार्थ शामिल हैं। इन प्रतीकों का उद्देश्य लोगों को इन पदार्थों को संभालने में सावधानी बरतने और उनसे जुड़े जोखिमों को समझने के लिए चेतावनी देना है। The above signs are warning symbols which should never be ignored. The meaning of each is given below. They are giving warnings about explosive, inflammable, oxidizing, compressed gas, corrosive, toxic, irritant, environmentally hazardous and health hazard.
(1) Explosive: Some materials are explosive. While handling such materials care should be taken. We should not take anything that would cause fire leading to explosion. If explosion occurs, there would be a major disaster causing great loss of life and property. Thus if this sign is seen, great care has to be taken.
(2) Inflammable: Similar to explosive substances, the inflammable materials can also catch fire easily. Therefore, to warn people such sign is given on materials that can cause hazard by burning.
(3) Oxidizing: Some chemical substances are oxidizing. They carry out chemical reactions with a rapid speed. E.g. If potassium permanganate falls on the cloth, it starts the reaction on its C-C bonds. Due to such property of carrying out reactions, the cloths may catch fire. Therefore, oxidizing substances should be handled with care.
(4) Compressed: Compressed substances are filled under pressure in some container. If mishandled, they can come out of the container by bursting it open. This can cause some injuries.
(5) Corrosive: The corrosive substances are very reactive. The mere touch of corrosive substances can cause destruction of skin, eyes, respiratory passages, digestive organs, etc. rapidly. Just touching or smelling of such substances can cause major injury and thus warning sign of corrosive substance should never be ignored.
(6) Toxic: To taste a toxic substance or even to smell it, can lead to death. The packing of these substances are therefore marked as dangerous. They should be avoided as far as possible.
(7) Irritant: When skin or any delicate part of the body comes in contact with the irritant substance, it can cause harmful reaction. Especially, eyes, nasal mucosa and skin are affected by contact with corrosive substances.
(8) Environmentally hazardous: Many sub-stances cause harm to the environment due to their toxicity. Air, water or soil can be polluted due to such pollutants. When environment is affected, ultimately these hazardous effects come back to human species. Therefore, such substances should be carefully used. Their use should be judicious and controlled.
(9) Health hazard: The substances that can cause hazard to our health should always be distanced from us. Such substances should not be kept in proximity. As far as possible they should be kept away and handled with great care if needed for any work. Materials marked with health hazard can cause severe toxicity.
In simple words: Ignoring these hazard symbols can lead to serious disasters like explosions, fires, chemical burns, poisoning, and environmental damage, causing significant loss of life, property, and health.

🎯 Exam Tip: For symbols, describe each one's specific danger (e.g., explosive, toxic) and then broadly explain the severe consequences if ignored, encompassing safety, health, and environmental risks.

 

Question 9. Explain that why is it said like that?

(a) Mock drill is useful.
Answer:

• Mock drill is the practice to check whether there is preparedness for dealing with the sudden attack of disaster.
• For this purpose, virtual or apparent situations that simulate the disaster are created.
• The reaction time for any type of disaster is checked by such activity. In the presence of trained personnel, the execution of the rescue plans are observed.
• People also understand their responsibilities at the time of actual disaster.
• The experts also check execution of plan designed for disaster redressal.
• By such mock drills, the efficacy of the system can be understood. In future, when actual calamity strikes, there is already preparation for disaster redressal. Therefore, mock drill is useful.

In simple words: Mock drills are useful because they allow us to practice and test our readiness for unexpected disasters, helping improve reaction times, clarify roles, and identify potential issues, leading to better preparedness for real emergencies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the preventative and preparatory aspects of mock drills, highlighting how they improve response effectiveness and reduce the impact of future calamities.

 

(b) Effective disaster management makes us well prepared for future.
Answer:

• Disaster can strike any time. The sudden disasters can be man-made with some bad intentions or may be accidental.
• When natural calamity strikes suddenly with a huge impact, large scale devastation of property and general environment degradation occurs along with substantial mortality of people and animals.
• Therefore, it is most appropriate to have the preparedness to reduce the impact of any future disasters.
• We cannot control the onset of the natural disaster, but we can definitely reduce the harsh effects of the disaster by following disaster management plan.

In simple words: Effective disaster management prepares us for future events by planning how to reduce the severe impacts of both natural and man-made disasters, even if we cannot prevent their occurrence.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the importance of effective disaster management, emphasize its role in mitigating losses (property, lives) and controlling the severity of disaster effects, not just preventing them.

 

Question 10. Complete the following chart.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक प्रवाह चार्ट है जो आपदा पूर्व प्रबंधन के गुणों को दर्शाता है। शीर्ष पर 'आपदा पूर्व प्रबंधन के गुण' लिखा है, और इसके नीचे चार मुख्य गुण हैं: आपदा-प्रवण क्षेत्रों की पहचान, खतरों के मानचित्रों के माध्यम से आपदाओं के संभावित स्थलों की जानकारी एकत्र करना, आपदा प्रबंधन के लिए विशेष प्रशिक्षण, और आपदा प्रबंधन के बारे में जनता में जागरूकता बढ़ाना। यह चार्ट आपदाओं से पहले की तैयारियों के महत्वपूर्ण चरणों को रेखांकित करता है।
In simple words: This chart illustrates the key aspects of pre-disaster management, which include identifying high-risk areas, gathering information through hazard maps, providing specialized training, and increasing public awareness to prepare for potential disasters.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining a chart about disaster management properties, ensure each component is clearly defined, emphasizing its role in proactive preparation and risk reduction.

Question 11.Following are the pictures of some disasters. How will be your pre and post-disaster management in case you face any of those disasters?

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation):यह चित्र चार अलग-अलग आपदाओं को दर्शाता है। चित्र (1) में बच्चे आपस में लड़ते हुए दिख रहे हैं, जो एक सामाजिक संघर्ष को इंगित करता है। चित्र (2) में एक सिलेंडर से गैस का रिसाव होता दिख रहा है, जो एक तकनीकी आपदा है। चित्र (3) में भारी बारिश और बादल फटने से शहरी जलजमाव और बाढ़ की स्थिति दिखाई गई है। चित्र (4) में एक बवंडर या तूफान का चित्रण है, जो एक प्राकृतिक आपदा है।
Answer:In the pictures given, following disasters are shown:
(1) Two groups of children are fighting with each other.
(2) There is gas leakage from the LPG cylinder.
(3) There is heavy downpour due to cloud bursting which has led to waterlogging in the town.
(4) There is cyclone causing a tornado. (Commonly called a twister)

Disaster	Pre-disaster management	Post-disaster management
(1) Fight between the two groups	We will try to sort out the problem between the two groups. If that is not possible, will call the elders or teachers. If the fight is among the elders then police should be called.	If the fight is taking place, we shall try to separate the two. We shall check-up if anyone is injured. If injured, we shall give him first aid. We will also counsel them that they should not fight like this.
(2) Gas leakage	First and foremost, the windows and the doors will be opened immediately. We shall call the gas agency customer care department for help. The lights and the electrical equipment will not be turned on to avoid the accidents.	If the gas is already leaked in the house, we shall move out immediately along with pets if any.
(3) Downpour due to cloudbursting	If the warning of the heavy rains is broadcast then people staying in low lying areas should be taken to the safe places. Schools and colleges are kept closed. If such students or young children or sick persons are stranded anywhere, they should be helped to reach their destinations before the rain starts.	By heavy rains, the transportation comes to halt. The water enters the houses in low lying areas. We shall help the people to deal with this disaster. Help can be given for draining the water. Municipal bodies open the storm water drains in such cases. With the help of elders, we shall spread the message of warning in such places. We will not play in the clogged water, but will help the people who are in need.
(4) Tornado	The warning of cyclonic tornado is given much before its approach due to modern techniques used at Meteorological department. The consequences of such event will be disastrous so as far as possible we shall not go out of house. If house is not in proper condition, then shelter is to be taken in any safe place.	We shall help the people who are in need.

In simple words: Pre-disaster management involves taking preventive measures like evacuation and securing the area based on warnings, while post-disaster management focuses on immediate actions like rescue, first aid, and recovery efforts once the disaster has occurred.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguishing between pre-disaster (prevention, preparedness) and post-disaster (response, recovery) actions for various types of disasters is key for scoring well.

Projects:

Project 1.Can you tell? (Textbook page no. 118)
Whether there had been mock drill by fire fighters under the disaster management scheme in your school? Which techniques did you see during the drill?

Project 2.Try this: (Textbook page no. 115)
Which factors will you consider while designing the pre-disaster management plan for your school/home? Prepare a survey report with the help of your teacher.

Project 3.Get information:
(1) Visit the district collector or Taluka Tehasildar office and collect the information about disaster management. (Textbook page no. 115)
(2) Meet the medical officer/doctor from your village and collect information about providing the first aid. (Textbook page no. 118)

Project 4.Internet is my friend:
(1) Search for the video clips of disasters. Discuss in your class about effects of disasters and remedies over it. (Textbook page no. 110)
(2) Find out more about the activities of international organizations that work for disaster management.
(Textbook page no. 116)
1. United Nations Disaster Relief Organization.
2. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements.
3. Asian Disaster Reduction Centre.
4. Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre.
5. World Health Organization.
6. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

10th Std Science Part 2 Questions And Answers:
• Heredity and Evolution Class 10 Questions And Answers

Can you recall? (Text Book Page No. 109)

Question 1.What is disaster?
Answer:Disaster is the incidence that occurs suddenly causing heavy damage to life and property. The disaster can be man-made or due to natural reason.In simple words: A disaster is a sudden event that causes significant harm to life and property, which can be either a natural occurrence or caused by human actions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to include both natural and man-made aspects when defining a disaster, as this shows a comprehensive understanding.

Question 2.Which disasters have you experienced in your area?
Answer:On September 2019, there was a heavy downpour in Pune. This disaster has been experienced recently.
On 26th November 2008 there was attack at several places by the Pakistani terrorists. The stories about the deaths and damage caused by this disaster were seen in films and learnt about this from our elders.In simple words: Recent disasters include the heavy rain in Pune in September 2019 causing waterlogging and the November 26, 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about personal experiences, provide specific examples with dates or locations if possible to make your answer more concrete and relatable.

Question 3.What are the effects of that disaster on local and surrounding conditions?
Answer:Due to a heavy downpour in Pune, there was waterlogging in all the shallow areas. All the transport systems collapsed on that day. Large trees fell down injuring the people. The water logging caused condition like floods. Schools, colleges and offices were shut down. People were caught in troublesome situation.
On 26th November 2008 many innocent people lost their lives. There was tremendous damage caused to some of the important places like Taj Palace Hotel and Chabad house.In simple words: The Pune downpour led to severe waterlogging, transport paralysis, fallen trees, and closures, while the 2008 Mumbai attacks resulted in significant loss of life and damage to key landmarks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on tangible impacts like infrastructure damage, loss of life, and disruption of daily life when describing the effects of a disaster.

Use your brain power: (Text Book Page No. 111)

Question 1.Depending upon information given on page 111, explain the various effects of the disaster of railway accident.
Answer:The effects of disastrous railway accident:

(1) Environmental	The entire surroundings will show destruction.
(2) Administrative/ Managerial	The railway department will have stress and the time table will collapse. The regular use of tracks will hamper, resulting into delay in railway traffic.
(3) Political	Ministry of railways is considered to be responsible for the accident. Sometimes the Railway Minister resigns.
(4) Medical	The passengers commuting in the train die or suffer from serious injuries.
(5) Economic	The railways suffer huge financial loss.
(6) Social	The railway traffic is disturbed. Passengers are troubled as they get held up at some place.

In simple words: A railway accident causes widespread destruction, disrupts railway operations, leads to political accountability, results in injuries or deaths, causes economic losses, and troubles society due to travel disruptions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing disaster effects, categorize them (e.g., environmental, administrative, political, medical, economic, social) for a structured and complete answer.

Observe/Discuss:Let's Discuss: (Text Book Page No. 110)

Question 1.observe the images on textbook page no. 110. whether the places of disasters are known to you? Discuss the emfects of these disasters on public lire. How people could lave been saved from these disasters? Discuss with your friends in the classroom.
Answer:Students should discuss the disasters given in the pictures by themselves after collecting the information.In simple words: Students are encouraged to observe and analyze disaster images from the textbook, identifying the locations and discussing their impacts and prevention methods in class.

🎯 Exam Tip: For discussion-based questions, actively engage with visual aids and consider multiple perspectives (impacts, prevention) to formulate a comprehensive understanding.

Observe: (Text Book Page No. 114)

Question 1.Observe the disaster cycle given below and explain each aspect of the disaster of earthquake.
Answer:The main aspects of disaster cycle to tackle disaster of earthquake are as follows:
(1) Preparation : With the help of seismograph, the warning about forthcoming earthquake can be obtained these days. The intensity of the earthquake is also predicted with the help of technology. If the estimate of the Richter scale is on the higher sides, there would be more preparatory measures taken to tackle the forthcoming problem of earthquake.
(2) Redemption: Once this information is obtained the possible impact of the earthquake on the houses, buildings, people can be studied by the geological experts. The meetings of the Disaster Management Authority will be organized for same.
(3) Preparedness: What the general public should do and what action the reserved forces should take, will be decided in case of actual incidence of the earthquake. The schemes and plans will be made ready in this direction.
(4) Impact of Earthquake: In case of disaster of earthquake, people will be helped to safety. The trapped people will be rescued. First aid and other necessary help will be provided. The data about the losses and the intensity of this disaster will be noted and reported for the further process.
(5) Response: In this phase the response of the people as well as the action of Government can be well studied. The response should be quick and positive. The maximum lives and property should be saved by such responses. The disaster of earthquake should be managed with positivity and through help given to the sufferers.
(6) Resurgence: Earthquakes can destroy the entire households or even entire community. Such homeless people should be given the place to stay. Resurgence is important phase for the national welfare. If the citizens of India are cared for, the nation too will progress.
(7) Restoration: The earthquake victims should be settled by providing them with new settlements. Sometimes, entire village is to be settled. E.g. In Latur or Kutch, there twas very large scale devastation. But Government of India as well as some NGOs helped to reconstruct the houses. In such earthquake-prone areas, houses are built in specific pattern to withstand any possible future calamities.In simple words: The earthquake disaster cycle involves preparation through predictions, redemption by assessing impact, preparedness with public action plans, immediate response during impact, a swift and positive response from authorities, and long-term resurgence and restoration efforts to rebuild lives and communities.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining a disaster cycle, ensure you cover all phases (preparation, redemption, preparedness, impact, response, resurgence, restoration) and provide specific actions or outcomes for each phase related to the disaster. Use clear examples to illustrate your points.

Observe: (Text Book Page No. 117)

Question 1.Give the reference of following pictures and explain importance of each of those in disaster management. Which are other such activities ?

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation):यह चित्र आपदा प्रबंधन में विभिन्न प्राथमिक उपचार और बचाव तकनीकों को दर्शाता है। चित्र (a) और (b) स्ट्रेचर या कृत्रिम श्वसन के माध्यम से एक गंभीर रूप से घायल या बेहोश व्यक्ति की मदद करने को दिखाते हैं। चित्र (c) और (d) एक बेहोश व्यक्ति को उठाने के विभिन्न तरीकों को दर्शाते हैं। चित्र (e) घायल व्यक्ति को पीठ पर लादकर ले जाने की 'पिग्गी बैक' विधि है, जबकि चित्र (f) 'ह्यूमन क्रच मेथड' को दिखाता है जहाँ एक घायल व्यक्ति को सहारा दिया जाता है यदि उसका एक पैर घायल है।
Answer:The actions shown in the above pictures are as follows:
(a) The patient is made to lie on the stretcher. He must be unconscious and injured to greater extent, so that he cannot move by himself.
(b) The patient is helped by giving artificial respiration. Probably the victim is suffocated and needs oxygen supply.
(c) and (d) The patient is being picked up. Most probably the patient is unconscious. The unconscious person who cannot move by himself is carried by these two methods. In method 'c', the weight of the patient is less and hence he can be lifted as shown in the picture. In picture 'd' the victim has to be lifted in other way, may be due to his greater body weight.
(e) The patient is carried on the back as in 'carrying piggy back' position. He too is unconscious and needs to be shifted for medical treatment.
(f) The patient in this picture is carried by 'human crutch method'. When victim's one leg is injured, he cannot walk without support. Hence, he needs to be carried in such a way.
In all the above methods, the injured person at the time of disaster is transported to hospital or dispensary for further medical help. The primary first-aid is given to the victim. Now the volunteer is taking him for further treatment. Such rescue activities depend upon the type of disaster and the extent of the injury. Hence the methods will be of different nature.In simple words: These images illustrate various first aid and patient transport methods like stretcher use, artificial respiration, and different carrying techniques (piggy back, human crutch) crucial for moving injured or unconscious victims to medical care during a disaster.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing first aid and patient transport methods, emphasize the technique, the type of injury it addresses, and the ultimate goal of getting the victim professional medical help.

Let's Think: (Text Book Page No. 111)

Question 1.What will be the effect on yourself and surrounding, if any accident-like disaster occurs during the sports on playground or in school?
Answer:When in school, there is an accident, first of all we get scared. But with caring help of the teacher, we will give the first aid to the injured friends by using first aid kit. If the injury is serious, we will take him to the medical centre of the school. While playing or during sports event, children flock around and make unnecessary crowding. In case of such accident, first of all the crowd will have to be dispersed. If there is major disaster, one should not fumble but manage the disaster in a wise way with the help of teachers.In simple words: In a school accident, initial fear is followed by giving first aid, seeking medical help for serious injuries, dispersing crowds, and managing the situation calmly with teacher assistance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on immediate, practical steps and the importance of adult supervision and quick, organized response in a school accident scenario.

Let's Think: (Text Book Page No. 112)

Question 1.Explain the nature and scope of the disaster of flood with the help of six points given on text book page no. 112.
Answer:The nature and the scope of the disaster of flood can be described according to the six points:
(1) Pre-disaster phase: Due to Indian Meteorological Department the warning predictions are received before any climatic disaster strikes. If the scope of the flood is predicted to be high, then the people who may be affected by the calamity are relocated to a safer area.
(2) Warning phase: In the warning phase the Government warns the general public about the forthcoming disaster of floods through mass media like radio, television, newspapers, etc. In recent times, even the cellphone messages are sent to people for warning them. The people living in coastal areas will be worst affected and hence such people are given greater care and they are immediately made to leave their houses. They are taken to the safe places.
(3) Emergency phase: When the flood waters actually start rising up, the low-lying areas are submerged. Houses, roads and shops everything goes under water. The rescue operations are carried out by army men from National Disaster Rescue Force. They take every possible effort to rescue the trapped people. The emergency continues till the water does not recede. Later after the water starts receding, people who have been taken to places on heights, start coming back. During this phase, search, rescue operations, medical treatment, and first aid are all the aspects on which the attention is focussed.
(4) Rehabilitation phase: The people affected due to floods are given emotional and financial support. The fields, farms, houses or cattle-shed are under water. Such people are given transient accommodations. Many cattle and other animals die by drowning. Their rotting carcasses have to be disposed as soon as possible because the decaying process spreads epidemics of diseases. People are given vaccinations to protect them from diseases of such kind. Special care of young children and senior citizens is taken during this period. Supply of food and drinking water is also very important task during this time.
(5) Recovery phase: During recovery phase, the life comes gradually back to normalcy. The removal of dead, decaying material and the debris is the first priority. The water connections and electricity is restored back. Various NGOs or Government organizations provide help of various kind to the affected people. This help is to be distributed to those who are in real need. This work is also done by Disaster Management Department.
(6) Reconstruction phase: The houses and building that collapse due to floods are built back. Agricultural activities start again. Roads and water supply is once again normalized. Schools and colleges start once again. Thus, the once flood affected area comes back to routine functioning again.In simple words: Flood disaster management involves a pre-disaster phase of warning and relocation, an emergency phase with rescue operations, a rehabilitation phase for affected people and disease prevention, a recovery phase for restoring basic services, and a reconstruction phase to rebuild infrastructure and normalize life.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the phases of flood disaster management, provide concrete examples of actions taken in each phase, highlighting the role of government agencies and community support. Ensure you cover short-term relief and long-term rebuilding efforts.

Let's Think: (Text Book Page No. 117)

Question 1.Following are some pictures of disasters. Which precautions would you take during those disasters?

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation):यह चित्र तीन अलग-अलग आपदा स्थितियों को दर्शाता है। चित्र (a) एक भूकंप से क्षतिग्रस्त इमारतों और सड़कों को दिखाता है, जो भूकंप के बाद के दृश्य को प्रस्तुत करता है। चित्र (b) एक जलती हुई इमारत या जंगल की आग को दर्शाता है, जो आग की आपदा का संकेत देता है। चित्र (c) में एक व्यक्ति को सांप के काटने के बाद की स्थिति दिखाई गई है, संभवतः प्राथमिक उपचार की आवश्यकता को दर्शाता है।
Answer:The pictures shown above are showing earthquake, fire and snake bite respectively.
In the above disasters, the initial precautions to be taken are as follows:
(1) Earthquake: In case of earthquake, one should immediately come out of house and stand in the open ground. If this is not possible, one has to go below table or any other cover. During collapse of the building, there should not be a head injury. This precaution is basically for prevention of dangerous injuries and saving our life. Switch off the power supply. If in journey, stay inside the vehicle.
(2) Fire: First and foremost is to save ourselves from fire. Then one can help others in rescue operations. Help others to extinguish fire. Call the fire department for immediate action.
(3) Snake bite: Many a times the biting snake can be non-venomous too. But the victim is psychologically affected too. The tourniquet should be tied in the region above the snake bite. The rope, piece of cloth or even handkerchief can be used for this purpose, so that the venom, if any should not rise and reach vital organs. The wound should be made near the bite-wound so that the blood will ooze out and some venom can automatically flow out. Though these are first-aid measures, the victim should be rushed to a qualified doctor for an injection of antivenin.In simple words: During an earthquake, move to an open area or take cover; in case of fire, prioritize self-safety, help others, and call the fire department; for a snake bite, apply a tourniquet, clean the wound (if safe), and seek immediate medical attention for antivenin.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing precautions for disasters, prioritize immediate personal safety, then actions to mitigate damage, and finally steps to seek professional help. Specificity for each disaster type is crucial.

Choose the correct alternative and write its alphabet against the sub-question number:

Question 1.Disasters definitely affect the - of the nation.
(a) people
(b) economy
(c) security
(d) employment
Answer: (b) economyIn simple words: Disasters cause significant financial harm, impacting the overall economic stability and growth of a nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that while disasters affect many aspects, "economy" broadly covers financial losses, infrastructure damage, and disruption of trade, making it a comprehensive answer.

Question 2.If local - is not strong enough, citizens become confused.
(a) leadership
(b) women
(c) politicians
(d) cattle
Answer: (a) leadershipIn simple words: Effective local leadership is vital during disasters to provide clear guidance and prevent public confusion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Strong leadership is essential for coordinated action and clear communication during emergencies, preventing panic and confusion among citizens.

Question 3.- problems arise diming the disaster.
(a) Local
(b) Global
(c) Administrative
(d) Private
Answer: (c) AdministrativeIn simple words: During a disaster, organizational and management challenges often emerge, creating administrative problems in coordinating relief efforts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Disasters often overwhelm existing administrative structures, leading to challenges in resource allocation, coordination, and effective response.

Question 4.Stinking pollution caused due to decomposing corpses of humans and other animal is - disaster.
(a) environmental
(b) health
(c) necessary
(d) effective
Answer: (a) environmentalIn simple words: Pollution from decomposing corpses, particularly bad odors, creates an environmental disaster affecting air quality and potentially leading to other issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognise that environmental disasters encompass any event that severely degrades the natural surroundings, including pollution from decomposing organic matter.

Question 5.After the subsidence of any type of disaster, rehabilitation work is started in - phase.
(a) later
(b) transitional
(c) terminal
(d) ultimate
Answer: (b) transitionalIn simple words: Rehabilitation efforts, aiming to help affected individuals recover, typically begin during the transitional phase after a disaster's immediate impact subsides.

🎯 Exam Tip: The transitional phase bridges immediate relief and long-term recovery, focusing on stability and initial steps towards normalcy, making it the starting point for rehabilitation.

Question 6.- phase is highly complicated phase.
(a) Reconstruction
(b) Recycling
(c) Reuse
(d) Redevelopment
Answer: (a) ReconstructionIn simple words: The reconstruction phase is complex due to the extensive rebuilding, resource coordination, and long-term planning required to restore affected areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reconstruction involves not just rebuilding, but also addressing economic, social, and psychological aspects, making it the most intricate phase of disaster management.

Question 7.There had been a huge - in the village Malin, Tal. Ambegaon in 2014.
(a) earthquake
(b) storm
(c) landslide
(d) change
Answer: (c) landslideIn simple words: The village Malin in Tal. Ambegaon experienced a major landslide in 2014, causing significant devastation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing specific historical disaster events and their types (like the Malin landslide) can help answer general knowledge questions related to disaster management.

Question 8.The atomic energy plant at Chernobyl was used only for generating -
(a) electricity
(b) solar power
(c) atomic energy
(d) agriculture
Answer: (a) electricityIn simple words: The Chernobyl atomic energy plant's primary function was to produce electricity through nuclear reactions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Atomic energy plants generate electricity by harnessing nuclear energy, a key fact to remember about their purpose.

Question 9.Supply of essential - to the affected people can reduce the effect of the disaster.
(a) food
(b) water
(c) commodities
(d) money
Answer: (c) commoditiesIn simple words: Providing necessary goods and supplies, or "commodities," to disaster victims helps alleviate suffering and reduces the overall impact of the event.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Commodities" is the most comprehensive answer as it includes essential items like food, water, shelter materials, and medicines, all crucial for disaster relief.

Question 10.Keeping - ready is a practice to check the preparedness of facing the disaster.
(a) First aid
(b) Mock drill
(c) Ambulance
(d) Fire brigade
Answer: (b) Mock drillIn simple words: A mock drill is a practice exercise conducted to test and improve preparedness and response capabilities for a disaster scenario.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mock drills are crucial for evaluating and enhancing an organization's or community's readiness, identifying weaknesses, and training personnel for real disaster situations.

Question 11.Which of the following is man-made disaster.
(a) Earthquake
(b) Flood
(c) Meteor
(d) Leakage of toxic gases
Answer: (d) Leakage of toxic gasesIn simple words: The accidental release of harmful gases, often due to industrial failures or human error, is classified as a man-made disaster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between natural disasters (earthquake, flood, meteor) and man-made disasters (industrial accidents, terrorism, pollution) by considering the primary cause.

Question 12.What should be done if gas cylinder at your house catches fire?
(a) Water should be sprinkled
(b) Sand, soil should be put on it
(c) Cylinder should be covered with wet blanket
(d) one should run away
Answer: (c) Cylinder should be covered with wet blanketIn simple words: To extinguish a gas cylinder fire, cover it immediately with a wet blanket to cut off the oxygen supply and cool the cylinder.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that for gas fires, the primary method is to smother the flames and cool the container to prevent explosion, which a wet blanket effectively does.

Which type of disaster is described in the following statements:

Question 1.On 26th July 2005, entire suburban Mumbai was waterlogged.
Answer:Cloudbursting and severe downpourIn simple words: The waterlogging in suburban Mumbai on July 26, 2005, was caused by extreme rainfall and a cloudburst.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific dates and locations (like Mumbai 2005) are often linked to major events like cloudbursts, making them useful identifiers.

Question 2.Elephants in the Bandipur forest started running helter and skelter due to smoke.
Answer:Forest firesIn simple words: Elephants fleeing from smoke in Bandipur forest indicate the occurrence of a forest fire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Animal behavior, particularly panic and fleeing from smoke, is a strong indicator of a forest fire, a common natural disaster in wooded areas.

Question 3.Many innocent people died in the bomb blast that occurred on 11th July 2006 in local trains.
Answer:Bomb explosion-TerrorismIn simple words: The bomb blast in Mumbai local trains on July 11, 2006, resulting in multiple deaths, was an act of terrorism involving a bomb explosion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mass casualty events caused by explosions, especially in public transport, are typically classified as acts of terrorism, a significant man-made disaster.

Question 4.In Kutch, suddenly many school children were buried under the rubble.
Answer:EarthquakeIn simple words: The incident in Kutch where school children were buried under rubble indicates an earthquake.

🎯 Exam Tip: Being buried under rubble is a direct and common consequence of building collapse during an earthquake, distinguishing it from other disasters.

Question 5.Because of lack of crops, people from Vidarbha are migrating to other regions.
Answer:Dry famineIn simple words: Crop failure and subsequent migration in Vidarbha due to lack of crops point to a dry famine.

🎯 Exam Tip: Famine is characterized by severe food scarcity, often leading to migration, and is a direct consequence of agricultural collapse due to conditions like drought.

Question 6.The huge waves in Chennai engulfed many human lives in December 2004.
Answer:Tsunami.In simple words: The massive waves that caused widespread loss of life in Chennai in December 2004 refer to the devastating tsunami.

🎯 Exam Tip: Large, destructive ocean waves, particularly those occurring after an undersea earthquake, are characteristic of a tsunami, a major natural disaster.

Find the correlation:

Question 1.Earthquake in recent times : Gujarat, Latur :: Devastating floods in 2018:
Answer:Earthquake in recent times : Gujarat, Latur :: Devastating floods in 2018 : Kerala/AssamIn simple words: Just as Gujarat and Latur are associated with recent earthquakes, Kerala and Assam are known for experiencing devastating floods in 2018.

🎯 Exam Tip: For correlation questions, identify the relationship in the first pair (disaster type: location) and apply the same logic to the second pair.

Question 2.Toxic gas leakage: Accidental disaster : : war :
Answer:Toxic gas leakage: Accidental disaster : : war : IntentionalIn simple words: Toxic gas leakage is typically an accidental disaster, while war is an intentional disaster caused by deliberate human actions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When correlating disaster types, consider the underlying cause – whether it's an unintended event (accidental) or a deliberate human act (intentional).

Question 3.Sun spots : Atmospheric type of disaster : : Salinization :
Answer:Sun spots : Atmospheric type of disaster : : Salinization: Geological type of disasterIn simple words: Sun spots influence atmospheric conditions and are linked to atmospheric disasters, whereas salinization, which affects soil, is categorized as a geological disaster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Classify disasters based on their primary domain of occurrence or impact (e.g., atmospheric for weather-related, geological for earth-related). Salinization affects the earth's soil, making it geological.

 

Question 4.Pre-disaster management : Preparation and warning :: Post-disaster management : ..........
Answer:Pre-disaster management : Preparation and warning : : Post-disaster management : Resurgence and restoration.
In simple words: Pre-disaster management focuses on preparing and warning, while post-disaster management concentrates on recovery and rebuilding after an event.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the phases of disaster management (pre and post) is crucial for comprehensive preparedness and effective response.

Match The Columns

 

Question 1.

Column A: Disaster	Column B: Type
(1) Earthquake and volcano	(a) Animal origin
(2) Snowfall and snowstorms	(b) Geological
	(c) Climatic
	(d) Terrorism

Answer:(1) Earthquake and volcano - Geological.
(2) Snowfall and snowstorms - Climatic.
In simple words: This question categorizes disasters by their origin, linking earthquakes and volcanoes to geological activity and snowfall/snowstorms to climatic events.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying the type of disaster helps in understanding its causes and developing appropriate management strategies.

 

Question 2.

Column A: Disaster	Column B: Type
(1) Aquatic weeds	(a) Animal origin
(2) Attack by locusts (insects)	(b) Plant origin
	(c) Geological
	(d) Climatic

Answer:(1) Aquatic weeds - Plant origin
(2) Attack by locusts (insects) - Animal origin.
In simple words: This matches disasters caused by biological factors, specifically classifying aquatic weeds as plant-related and locust attacks as animal-related.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognizing biological origins of disasters is important for implementing specific control and mitigation measures.

 

Question 3.

Column A: Disaster	Column B: Type
(1) Atomic tests	(a) Intentional
(2) Terrorism	(b) Unintentional
	(c) Geological
	(d) Animal origin

Answer:(1) Atomic tests - Unintentional
(2) Terrorism - Intentional.
In simple words: This differentiates man-made disasters based on intent, classifying terrorism as intentional and the environmental impact of atomic tests (if an accident) as unintentional.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguishing between intentional and unintentional human-induced disasters is vital for developing appropriate security and safety protocols.

 

Question 4.

Column A: Effect	Column B: Effect
(1) Contamination of water	(a) Economical
(2) Collapsing of transport system	(b) Environmental
	(c) Administrative
	(d) Geological

Answer:(1) Contamination of water - Environmental
(2) Collapsing of transport system - Administrative.
In simple words: This associates the impact of contamination with environmental consequences and the breakdown of transport with administrative challenges.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the different categories of disaster effects helps in planning a multi-faceted response.

 

Question 5.

Column A: Effect	Column B: Problem
(1) Spread of epidemics	(a) Economical
(2) Shortage of funds	(b) Administrative
	(c) Medical
	(d) Physical

Answer:(1) Spread of epidemics - Medical
(2) Shortage of funds - Economical.
In simple words: This links epidemics to medical problems and fund shortages to economic issues within disaster impact.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correctly categorizing problems resulting from disasters allows for targeted allocation of resources and expertise.

 

Question 6.

Column A: Effect	Column B: Problem
(1) Rift due to religions	(a) Economical
(2) Citizens getting confused	(b) Social
	(c) Political
	(d) Environmental

Answer:(1) Rift due to religions - Social
(2) Citizens getting confused - Political.
In simple words: This table connects religious rifts to social problems and citizen confusion to political issues arising from disasters.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the social and political impacts of disasters helps in planning community engagement and governance responses.

 

Identify The Type Of Disaster And Describe The Effects Of The Same In Brief:

 

Question 1.Accident at Chernobyl.
Answer:Man-made, unintentional. At Chernobyl in Russia there was the atomic energy plant, where disastrous accident took place. The radiations emitted through the reactors caused tremendous radiation pollution. These hazardous effects are even seen today.
In simple words: The Chernobyl accident was a man-made, unintentional disaster at a nuclear plant, causing severe and long-lasting radiation pollution due to reactor emissions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the type of disaster (man-made, natural, etc.) helps predict potential effects and guides prevention or mitigation strategies.

 

Give Reasons:

 

Question 1.When there are riots, the cities, towns or villages show signs of tense atmosphere.
Answer:

• During riots, there is financial loss for all the rioting groups.
• The belongings, houses, shops, etc. are destroyed or damaged.
• Property is looted. There is no guarantee of safety and security for anyone.
• Women and children suffer the most as they are easily victimized. Therefore, when there are riots, the cities, towns or villages show signs of tense atmosphere.

In simple words: Riots create a tense atmosphere because they involve widespread destruction, looting, financial losses, and a complete breakdown of safety, disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups like women and children.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explaining the multifaceted impacts of civil unrest (financial, physical, psychological, security) demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of disaster effects.

 

Answer The Following Questions In Detail:

 

Question 1.which are the disaters that make Impact for longer duration? Give examples.
Answer:Those disasters that make the impact for long duration and those disasters, whose after-effects are either severe are long term disasters. Their severity increases with time. Such disasters are famine, various problems of growth of crop, strikes of workers, rising levels of oceans, desertification, etc.
In simple words: Long-duration disasters have severe, lasting after-effects that worsen over time, such as famine, crop growth issues, worker strikes, rising sea levels, and desertification.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiating between short-term and long-term disaster impacts is crucial for planning sustainable recovery and prevention strategies.

 

Question 2.What types of disaster are the following? Explain their impacts.
(a) Floods (b) War. (Board's Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:(a) Flood is geophysical climatic disaster.
(b) War is man-made intentional disaster.
Impact of flood : The low-lying and the coastal areas are seen to be submerged. The entire region is waterlogged.
In simple words: Floods are natural climatic disasters that submerge low-lying and coastal areas, leading to widespread waterlogging. Wars are intentional man-made disasters causing tremendous destruction, loss of life, increased costs, and national insecurity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly defining disaster types and their specific impacts demonstrates a strong grasp of disaster management principles.

 

Question 3.Explain in brief the sensitive issues of general public about disaster.
(OR)
Which are the three aspects of disaster that are important for common citizens?
Answer:The phase of emergency, transitional phase and reconstruction phase are the three phases of disaster that are important for common citizens.
(1) Phase of emergency: If timely and rapid action is taken during this phase, maximum lives can be saved. Search and rescue operations, medical help, first aid, restoring communication services, removing the people from affected area are done during this phase. The gravity of disaster can be estimated during this phase.
(2) Transitional Phase: The disaster subsides and then the work of transitional phase starts. The main concern is rehabilitation work for the affected and displaced people. This work includes clearing of debris, restoring water supply, repairing roads, etc. to bring normalcy in public life. Help from different voluntary and Government institute is taken to offer the monetary provision and essential commodities to affected victims. Permanent means of livelihood is given to the people to reduce their mental and emotional stress. The victims are truly rehabilitated.
(3) Reconstruction Phase: Reconstruction phase is a highly complicated phase which actually overlaps with transition stage. Help is offered to people to reconstruct their buildings. Other facilities like roads and water supply are restored. Farming practices are restarted. It is a very gradual phase that makes the victims to completely rehabilitate.
In simple words: For common citizens, the key disaster phases are emergency (saving lives and initial response), transitional (rehabilitation and restoring basic services), and reconstruction (long-term rebuilding and full recovery).

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the different phases from a citizen's perspective helps in community-level planning and individual preparedness for disaster impacts.

 

Question 4.What are the objectives of mock drill?
Answer:Objectives of Mock Drill:

• To evaluate the response of the people to the disaster.
• To improve the coordination between various departments of disaster control.
• To identify one's own abilities if disaster approaches.
• To improve the ability to quick response to disaster and taking rapid action.
• To check the competency of the planned actions.
• To identify the possible errors and risks while dealing with disasters.

In simple words: Mock drills aim to test people's response, improve coordination, identify individual abilities, enhance rapid action, check plan competency, and find errors or risks in disaster management.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing the clear objectives of a mock drill highlights its importance in proactive disaster preparedness and system evaluation.

 

Question 5.Write down the names of international organizations that work for disaster management.
Answer:Following international organizations work for disaster management.

• United Nations Disaster Relief Organization
• United Nations Centre for Human Settlements
• Asian Disaster Reduction Centre.
• Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre.
• World Health Organization.
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

In simple words: Several international bodies like UNDRO, UN-Habitat, ADRC, ADPC, WHO, and UNESCO are actively involved in global disaster management efforts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing key international organizations involved in disaster management is important for understanding global cooperation and resource mobilization during crises.

 

Question 6.The building in which you are residing (has caught fire on the ground floor. What necessary rescue steps will you take? (July '19)
Answer:

• We shall call out for help.
• We shall immediately call fire brigade.
• We shall try to extinguish fire with the help of other people.
• We will give first aid to people who are injured, till the medical help arrives.
• We will cover our nose and mouth with moist cloth to prevent suffocation.

In simple words: In a building fire, the essential steps are to call for help and the fire brigade, attempt to extinguish the fire if safe, provide first aid to injured persons, and protect oneself from smoke inhalation with a moist cloth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practical, immediate steps in an emergency like a fire are crucial for saving lives and minimizing damage.

 

Write Short Notes:

 

Question 1.Pre-disaster management.
Answer:The management measures taken before onset of a disaster is called pre-disaster management.
In pre-disaster management, complete preparation and planning to face any type of disaster is done. For this purpose, following steps are taken.

• Identifying the areas where the disaster can strike. Such disaster-prone areas are to be thoroughly studied.
• Through predictive intensity maps and hazard maps, the information is collected about the intensity of disaster and probable sites of disasters respectively.
• Special training for disaster management is given to the concerned people.
• The mass awareness is created about disaster management through training programmes, mass media and internet, etc.

In simple words: Pre-disaster management involves all preparatory actions taken before a disaster strikes, including identifying risk areas, mapping hazards, providing training, and raising public awareness to minimize impact.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focusing on identification, mapping, training, and awareness are key elements to highlight when describing pre-disaster management.

 

Question 2.Post-disaster management.
Answer:The management measures taken after the striking of a disaster is called post-disaster management.
Following steps are taken during post-disaster management:

• Helping the victims of disasters by giving all possible help needed for their survival.
• Local people are trained to take part in the disaster management so that affected people can be saved rapidly.
• Establishing the help centres that could provide all the necessary help. Such centres will be different in case of different disasters.
• Collection and categorization of the material received from control centre for helping the victims. Distributing the same and reviewing the measures continuously.
• Disaster rescue programmes are mainly focused.

In simple words: Post-disaster management focuses on immediate and ongoing actions after a disaster, including victim aid, rapid rescue, establishing help centers, material distribution, and continuous review to support recovery.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the immediate response (rescue, aid) and systematic support (help centers, distribution) as core components of post-disaster management.

 

Some symbols are given below. Explain those symbols. Which disasters may occur if those symbols are ignored?

 

Question 1.Write what the signs indicate:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): पहले चित्र में एक ज्वलनशील आग का प्रतीक (फ्लेम प्रतीक) दिखाया गया है, जो ज्वलनशील पदार्थों को दर्शाता है। दूसरे चित्र में एक बोतल से सतह पर एसिड जैसा पदार्थ गिरता हुआ दिखाया गया है, जो संक्षारक पदार्थों का प्रतीक है।
Answer:

• Figure A indicates inflammable substances. They can catch fire if they come in contact with oxygen-rich air.
• Figure B indicates corrosive substances which can cause damage to tissues of skin, eyes and other delicate organs etc.
• Both the symbols are warning signs for people to keep away or handle carefully such substances.

In simple words: Figure A warns about easily flammable materials that can catch fire with air contact, while Figure B indicates corrosive substances that can harm skin and organs. Ignoring these symbols can lead to fires, chemical burns, or severe injuries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding safety symbols is crucial for preventing accidents and ensuring safe handling of hazardous materials in various environments.

 

Question 2.What does the symbols below indicate? Write in brief. (Board's Model Activity Sheet)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): पहले चित्र में एक विस्मयादिबोधक चिह्न (exclamation mark) दिखाया गया है, जो जलनशील या हानिकारक पदार्थों का प्रतीक है। दूसरे चित्र में एक खोपड़ी और क्रॉस हड्डियों (skull and crossbones) का प्रतीक दिखाया गया है, जो विषाक्त पदार्थों या स्वास्थ्य के लिए गंभीर खतरे का संकेत देता है।
Answer:(1) Symbol 'A' indicates Irritant. When skin or any delicate part of the body comes in contact with the irritant substance, it can cause harmful reaction. Especially, eyes, nasal mucosa and skin are affected by contact with corrosive substances.
(2) Symbol 'B' indicates toxic substance. To taste a toxic substance or even to smell it, can lead to death. The packing of these substances are therefore marked as dangerous. They should be avoided as far as possible.
In simple words: Symbol A signifies irritants that can cause harmful reactions upon contact with skin or delicate body parts, while Symbol B indicates toxic substances that can be deadly if ingested or inhaled, highlighting the need for extreme caution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurate interpretation of hazard symbols is critical for personal safety and preventing exposure to harmful or lethal substances.

 

Complete the paragraph by choosing the appropriate words given in the brackets:

 

(Capability, Rehabilitation, Commodities, Human, objectives, normalcy, amusements)
The .......... of disaster management comprise of the following aspects .......... life is saved from the disasters. People are helped to move away from the place of disasters. They are given essential .......... by the government so that the gravity of disaster is reduced. The disaster conditions are brought back to .......... of the affected and displaced victims is done. Moreover, protective measures for future are also planned to develop .......... among the people to face any possible disasters in future.
Answer:The objectives of disaster management, comprise of the following aspects. Human life is saved from the disasters. People are helped to move away from the place of disasters. They are given essential commodities by the government so that the gravity of disaster is reduced. The disaster conditions are brought back to normalcy. Rehabilitation of the affected and displaced victims is done. Moreover, protective measures for future are also planned to develop capability among the people to face any possible disasters in future.
In simple words: The main aims of disaster management are to save human lives, provide essential aid to reduce disaster impact, restore normalcy, rehabilitate victims, and build community capability for future disasters.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the key terms related to disaster management's goals helps in explaining the comprehensive approach to dealing with emergencies.

 

Paragraph Based Questions:

 

1. Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below:
Disasters can be properly classified into three categories, viz. natural disasters, technological disasters and man-made disasters. The forces that cause natural disasters cannot be controlled. Moreover, they are becoming more frequent in the current years due to phenomena of climate change. On and off incidences of cyclones, cloud bursting, floods, etc. am creating havoc in the lives of people. Technological disasters are due to improper and callous behaviour at the different processes carried out in technical establishments. Man-made disasters are conflicts arising due to different religions, regions and-terrorism.

 

Questions and Answers:

 

Question 1.What are three broad areas of disasters?
Answer:Natural disasters, technological disasters and manmade disasters are three broad areas of disasters.
In simple words: Disasters are broadly categorized into natural, technological, and man-made types.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorizing the three main categories of disasters is fundamental for basic disaster management knowledge.

 

Question 2.Which disasters cannot be controlled? Why?
Answer:Natural disasters cannot be controlled as they are due to natural phenomena beyond the human power to stop them.
In simple words: Natural disasters cannot be controlled because they are caused by natural processes that humans cannot stop.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the uncontrollable nature of natural disasters emphasizes the importance of preparedness and mitigation strategies over prevention.

 

Question 3.Which type of disasters were very common in Western Maharashtra in recent times? Why?
Answer:Cloud bursting and floods were very common in Western Maharashtra caused due to climate change.
In simple words: Cloudbursts and floods have been common in Western Maharashtra recently, largely due to climate change.

🎯 Exam Tip: Linking specific regional disasters to broader environmental factors like climate change shows a deeper analytical understanding.

 

Question 4.Give any one example of technological disaster that shook the entire India.
Answer:Bhopal gas tragedy that occurred in 1984 was a worst disaster that shook the entire India.
In simple words: The Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984 is a prominent example of a technological disaster that impacted India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Citing real-world examples strengthens your answers and demonstrates knowledge of significant disaster events.

 

Question 5.Which types of disasters can be controlled in order to lead happy, peaceful and secured life? How?
Answer:We have to control manmade disasters such as wars, riots, terrorism, etc. by having peaceful negotiations, respect for each human being and feeling of brotherhood among all.
In simple words: Man-made disasters like wars, riots, and terrorism can be controlled by promoting peaceful negotiations, mutual respect, and a sense of brotherhood among people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasizing social and political solutions for man-made disasters underscores the role of human agency in prevention.

 

Questions Based On Tables And Charts:

 

Question 1.Complete the chart: (Text Book Page No. 111)
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक अवधारणा मानचित्र है जो आपदाओं के विभिन्न प्रभावों और उनसे जुड़ी समस्याओं को दर्शाता है। इसमें पर्यावरणीय, सामाजिक, प्रशासनिक-व्यावसायिक, राजनीतिक, आर्थिक और चिकित्सा प्रभावों को उनके उदाहरणों के साथ दर्शाया गया है। केंद्र में 'आपदा' है जिससे विभिन्न शाखाएं निकलती हैं।
Answer:(Answers are given directly in bold.)

	Administrative Professional
	Stress on workers, collapsing of transport system, shortage of facilities, etc.
Environmental		The proper and strong leadership will provide help and care to victims. Government compensation will be given immediately.
Partial or complete collapsing buildings, drying out of water sources, contamination of water, Stinky pollution of environment due to decomposing corpses of humans and other animals.	Political
Social		Injuries, emotional/mental stress, increase in epidemics, death of victims.
People will become homeless as their houses will collapse. Since their belongings are lost they will need food, water, clothing and shelter. Crimes and thefts will rise.	Disaster	Medical
Economic
Sudden increase in fund expenditure, shortage of funds for development of other sectors, decrease in productivity.

In simple words: Disasters cause widespread effects across environmental (pollution, resource loss), social (homelessness, crime), economic (fund shortages, decreased productivity), political (leadership challenges), administrative (transport collapse, facility shortage), and medical (injuries, epidemics) sectors.

🎯 Exam Tip: This chart illustrates the comprehensive and interconnected nature of disaster impacts, emphasizing that disasters affect multiple facets of society and environment.

 

Question 2.Complete the chart: (Text Book Page No. 117)
Complete the chart as per the objectives of the first aid:t
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक प्रवाह चार्ट है जो प्राथमिक उपचार के उद्देश्यों को दर्शाता है। इसमें प्राथमिक उपचार के केंद्रीय लक्ष्य से विभिन्न शाखाएं निकलती हैं, जैसे डॉक्टर के आने तक चिकित्सा सहायता देना, स्थिति को बिगड़ने से रोकना, जीवन बचाना, तत्काल उपचार देना, दर्द से राहत दिलाना, पीड़ितों को सुरक्षा प्रदान करना, और स्थिति में सुधार का प्रयास करना।
Answer:(Answers are given directly in bold.)

	To give treatment immediately
To give medical help to victim till the doctor arrives		Relieving the pain
Preventing deterioration of condition of victims of disasters	Objectives of First Aid	To provide safety and security to the victims
Saving lives	Transporting the victims safely and with care to the hospitals	Attempt to improve the condition

In simple words: The objectives of first aid are to provide immediate care, prevent further harm, save lives, alleviate pain, ensure safety, improve the victim's condition, and safely transport them to medical facilities until professional help arrives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing the clear objectives of first aid demonstrates understanding of its critical role in immediate emergency response and patient care.

 

Activity Based Questions:

 

Question 1.Observe the images 'A' and 'B' and answer the following questions.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): चित्र A एक इमारत को दिखाता है जिसमें दरारें और क्षति हुई है, जो भूकंप के बाद के दृश्य को दर्शाता है। चित्र B एक घर को दिखाता है जिसमें से आग की लपटें निकल रही हैं, जो आग लगने की घटना को दर्शाता है।
(i) Which disasters are shown in the images ?
Answer:Image A is showing damage due to earthquake. Image B is showing house on fire.
In simple words: Image A depicts earthquake damage, while Image B shows a house on fire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately identifying disaster types from visual cues is a practical skill tested in disaster management.

 

(ii) Which primary precautions will you take in case of disaster shown in 'A'?
Answer:In the above disasters, the initial precautions to be taken are as follows :
Earthquake: In case of earthquake, one should immediately come out of house and stand in the open ground. If this is not possible, one has to go below table or any other cover. During collapse of the building, there should not be a head injury. This precaution is basically for prevention of dangerous injuries and saving our life. Switch off the power supply. If in journey, stay inside the vehicle.
In simple words: During an earthquake (Image A), primary precautions include moving to an open area, taking shelter under strong furniture if indoors, protecting the head from falling debris, switching off electricity, and staying inside a vehicle if traveling.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing immediate, practical precautions for an earthquake (e.g., "Drop, Cover, Hold On") shows crucial preparedness knowledge.

 

(iii) Which type of first-aid is offered to the injured people in disaster 'B'?
Answer:First aid given to burn victim:

• The person who is injured by fire should be doused with cold water on his/her body. This will extinguish fire and give some relief caused due to inflammation. Do not break the blisters. Give water to drink.
• Cover the burnt part by wet and moist cloth. Wash the wounds with antiseptic solution.
• If the person is severely burnt, transfer him/her immediately to hospital.

In simple words: For a burn victim (Image B), first aid involves cooling the burn with cold water, avoiding breaking blisters, providing water to drink, covering the wound with a moist cloth, cleaning with antiseptic, and immediately transferring severe cases to a hospital.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific, accurate first-aid steps for burns are essential for exam success, emphasizing cooling, protection, and professional medical attention.

 

Question 2.Correct the following diagram:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक संगठन संरचना आरेख है जो आपदा प्रबंधन में विभिन्न स्तरों और उनके अध्यक्षों की गलत पदानुक्रम को दर्शाता है। यह स्कूल और कॉलेजों के साथ-साथ अन्य सामाजिक/निजी संगठनों को भी शामिल करता है। सुधारित आरेख सही अध्यक्षों के साथ उचित पदानुक्रम को प्रदर्शित करेगा।
Answer:

Oraganizations providing precautionary warning		Other Social/Private oraganizations
	National disaster management authority. Chairman: Prime Minister
	State disaster management authority. Chairman: Chief Minister
	District disaster management authority. Chairman: Collector
	Taluka disaster management authority. Chairman: Tahsildar
	Village level Committee Chairman: Sarpanch
General public	System involved in actual rescue and rehabilitation work

In simple words: The corrected diagram shows the proper hierarchy of disaster management authorities from national to village level, with the Prime Minister, Chief Minister, Collector, Tahsildar, and Sarpanch as respective chairpersons, coordinating with public and private organizations for rescue and rehabilitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately mapping the organizational structure and leadership roles in disaster management is essential for understanding how response efforts are coordinated from top to bottom.

 

Projects:

 

Project 1.Can you tell? (Textbook page no. 118)
Whether there had been mock drill by fire fighters under the disaster management scheme in your school? Which techniques did you see during the drill?
In simple words: This project asks students to recall if their school conducted a fire safety mock drill and to describe the specific techniques observed during it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reflecting on personal experiences with mock drills helps internalize disaster preparedness and the practical application of safety techniques.

 

Project 2.Try this: (Textbook page no. 115)
Which factors will you consider while designing the pre-disaster management plan for your school/home? Prepare a survey report with the help of your teacher.
In simple words: This project requires students to identify factors crucial for pre-disaster planning in a school or home setting and to compile a survey report with teacher guidance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Developing a disaster management plan involves assessing risks, identifying safe zones, and understanding emergency procedures for effective response.

 

Project 3.Get information:
(1) Visit the district collector or Taluka Tehasildar office and collect the information about disaster management. (Textbook page no. 115)
(2) Meet the medical officer/doctor from your village and collect information about providing the first aid. (Textbook page no. 118)
In simple words: This project involves gathering information on disaster management from local government offices and learning about first aid from medical professionals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Direct engagement with local authorities and health experts provides practical insights into disaster preparedness and response.

 

Project 4.Internet is my friend:
(1) Search for the video clips of disasters. Discuss in your class about effects of disasters and remedies over it. (Textbook page no. 110)
(2) Find out more about the activities of international organizations that work for disaster management.
(Textbook page no. 116)
1. United Nations Disaster Relief Organization.
2. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements.
3. Asian Disaster Reduction Centre.
4. Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre.
5. World Health Organization.
6. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
In simple words: This project encourages students to research disaster videos online, discuss their effects and remedies, and learn about the roles of international organizations like UNDRO, UN-Habitat, ADRC, ADPC, WHO, and UNESCO in disaster management.

🎯 Exam Tip: Utilizing digital resources and understanding the global framework of disaster response broadens knowledge beyond local contexts.

10th Std Science Part 2 Questions And Answers:

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