Maharashtra Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 9 Tourism Transport and Communication Solutions

Geography Class 10 Chapter 9 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

 

1. State whether right or wrong with reasons.

 

Question a. The future of tourism is bright in India due to its natural diversity.
Answer: Right.
In simple words: India's rich natural diversity provides a strong foundation for a bright future in tourism.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating statements, always connect the reason to the core assertion for a complete answer.

 

Question b. Tourism is an invisible trade.
Answer: Right.
In simple words: Tourism is an invisible trade because it involves the exchange of services and experiences rather than physical goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding economic concepts like visible and invisible trade is crucial for geography exams.

 

Question c. The indicator of development in a country is the development of transport in that country.
Answer: Right
In simple words: A well-developed transport system is a strong sign of a country's overall economic and social development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relate infrastructure development, particularly transport, directly to a country's progress and modernization.

 

Question d. Brazil's time is ahead of India's time.
Answer: Wrong
In simple words: Brazil's time zones are generally behind India's time due to its geographical position west of the Prime Meridian.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the relative positions of countries (East or West of GMT) to correctly determine time differences.

 

Question 5. The development of tourism in India has begun recently.
Answer: Right.
In simple words: India has witnessed a significant and recent surge in the development and promotion of its tourism sector.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of recent trends and government initiatives in economic sectors like tourism.

 

2. Answer in short:

 

Question a. Which factors attract more tourists in Brazil?
Answer: The factors which attract more tourists in Brazil are:
• Clean, white sand beaches
• Attractive seacoasts
• Beautiful islands
• Beautiful orchards
• Deep dense forests of Amazon
• Various birds and animals
• Cities like the new capital city of Brasilia, Rio-de- Janeiro and Sao Paulo.
• Eco-tourism
In simple words: Brazil attracts tourists with its diverse natural beauty, including pristine beaches, rich Amazon forests, unique wildlife, and vibrant cities, complemented by a growing focus on eco-tourism.

🎯 Exam Tip: List a variety of attractions—natural, cultural, and urban—to provide a comprehensive answer about tourism factors.

 

Question b. What are the difficulties in the development of the railway system in Brazil's internal areas?
Answer:
• The densely forested lands of Amazon River Basin and the swampy lands have limited the development of railways in Brazil.
• Large pockets of Brazil are unpopulated. Roadways are the most common mode of transportation in the Eastern part of Brazil and waterways have developed on a commercial basis in the Amazon River.
• The trains are used for long distance transportation of passengers only in a few cities and by tourists. These are the difficulties in the development of the railway system in Brazil's internal areas.
In simple words: Brazil's internal railway development is hampered by the dense Amazon rainforest, vast swampy areas, low population density in many regions, and a preference for roadways and waterways for transport.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing infrastructure challenges, consider the interplay of geographical barriers, population distribution, and existing transport preferences.

 

Question 3. A plane leaves Brasilia at 11 a.m. on 31st December. The plane crosses 0° Meridian and reaches Vladivostok via New Delhi. Tell the local time, date and day at New Delhi and Vladivostok when the plane leaves Brasilia.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र ब्रासीलिया, 0° मेरिडियन (GMT), नई दिल्ली और व्लादिवोस्तोक के बीच समय क्षेत्र संबंधों को दिखाता है। इसमें ब्रासीलिया का प्रस्थान समय (31 दिसंबर, रविवार, सुबह 11 बजे) और मार्ग के प्रमुख बिंदुओं को दर्शाया गया है, जिससे विभिन्न शहरों के लिए स्थानीय समय, तिथि और दिन की गणना की जा सके।
Answer:

Brasilia	GMT 0°	New Delhi	Vladivostok
31st Dec. Sunday 11.00 a.m.

Time difference between Brasilia and GMT = 3 hours
Time at GMT = 11 a.m.+3 hours
= 2.00p.m.

Brasilia	GMT 0°	New Delhi	Vladivostok
31st Dec. Sunday 11.00 a.m.	31st Dec. Sunday 2.00 p.m.

Time difference between GMT and New Delhi = 5 hours 30 min.
Time at New Delhi = 2 a.m. + 5 hours 30 min.
= 7 hours 30 min.
= 31st December,
Sunday, 7.30 p.m.

Brasilia	GMT 0°	New Delhi	Vladivostok
31st Dec. Sunday 11.00 a.m.	31st Dec. Sunday 2.00 p.m.	31st Dec. Sunday 7.30 p.m.

Time difference between
New Delhi and Vladivostok = 4 hours 30 min.
Time at Vladivostok = 7.30 p.m. + 4 hours 30 min.
= 12.00 am

Brasilia	GMT 0°	New Delhi	Vladivostok
31st Dec. Sunday 11.00 a.m.	31st Dec. Sunday 2.00 p.m.	31st Dec. Sunday 7.30 p.m.	1st January, Monday, 12.00 a.m.

The local time, date and day at Delhi are 7 : 30p.m., 31st December, Sunday
local time, date and day at Vladivostok are 12 am., 1st January, Monday.
In simple words: When the plane leaves Brasilia, the local time in New Delhi is 7:30 p.m. on Sunday, December 31st, and in Vladivostok, it's 12:00 a.m. on Monday, January 1st.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately calculating time zones requires careful addition/subtraction of hours, considering both longitude differences and the International Date Line.

 

Question 4. Match the following:

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
(1) Trans-Amazonian	(a) Tourist Place Highway
(2) Road Transport	(b) Railway Station in India
(3) Rio de Janeiro	(c) Golden Quadrilateral
(4) Manmad	(d) Major Highway
	(e) 40° W Meridian

Answer:
(1) Trans-Amazonian - (d) Major Highway
(2) Road Transport - (c) Golden Quadrilateral
(3) Rio de Janeiro - (a) Tourist Place Highway
(4) Manmad - (b) Railway Station in India
In simple words: This matching exercise connects key transport routes, tourist destinations, and railway stations with their appropriate descriptions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with important geographical features and infrastructure projects in both India and Brazil for accurate matching.

 

Question 5. Give geographical reasons:

 

Question a. Eco-tourism is being developed more in Brazil.
Answer:
• Eco-tourism means responsible travel to natural areas without causing damage to the environment.
• Brazil has the largest number of vegetation species in the world including Amazon, the largest rainforest of the world and a great diversity of wild life.
• It has clean white sand beaches, attractive seacoasts, beautiful islands and orchards. Looking at the sensitivity of the natural resources in Brazil, ecotourism is being developed here.
In simple words: Brazil's extensive and sensitive natural diversity, including the Amazon rainforest and pristine coastlines, makes eco-tourism a crucial and growing sector to promote responsible travel and conservation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When providing geographical reasons, always link the human activity (eco-tourism) to specific natural features and their ecological sensitivity.

 

Question b. The internal waterways are not developed in Brazil.
Answer:
• Most of the rivers in Brazil flow with high speed.
• The amount of discharge of many rivers is very huge.
• In Brazil, rigid topography is found at many places near river basins. Many of the areas near rivers are inaccessible.
• Therefore, internal waterways are not developed in Brazil.
In simple words: Brazil's internal waterways face underdevelopment due to its rivers' high speeds, massive discharge volumes, and rigid, inaccessible topography, making navigation challenging.

🎯 Exam Tip: Physical geographical features like river flow, discharge, and terrain are primary determinants of waterway navigability and development.

 

Question c. A dense network of railways has developed in the North Indian Plains.
Answer:
• The North Indian Plains are flat plain lands with a dense population.
• Due to agricultural development, many agro- based industries have developed here.
• Thus there is a high demand for transportation especially railways for movement of freight and passenger transport.
In simple words: The North Indian Plains have a dense railway network because of their flat terrain, high population density, and strong demand for both passenger and freight transport driven by agricultural and industrial activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect population density, economic activities, and favorable topography directly to the development of efficient transport networks like railways.

 

Question d. Development of transport is important for the country's progress.
Answer:
• Transport modes help is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another.
• Transport enables social, economic and cultural development of the country.
• Road transport facilitates door-to-door service.
• Rail transport is suitable for long distance and bulky goods.
• Water transport plays an important role in international trade and suitable for bulky goods.
• Air transport provides the fastest means of transportation.
In simple words: Transport development is vital for national progress as it facilitates movement of people and goods, drives social, economic, and cultural growth, and offers various specialized services across different modes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the multi-dimensional benefits of transportation (economic, social, strategic) and the specific advantages of each mode in your explanation.

 

Question e. We rely on the sea routes for international trade.
Answer:
• Waterways is the cheapest modes of transportation for bulky and perishable goods over long distances.
• International trade includes import and export of goods.
• India is surrounded by Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and India Ocean, therefore we have a long coastline.
• So we rely on the sea routes for international trade.
In simple words: India heavily depends on sea routes for international trade due to their cost-effectiveness for bulky and perishable goods, the facilitation of global import-export, and India's extensive coastline.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the economic advantages (cost, capacity) and geographical factors (coastline) when explaining a country's reliance on sea-based trade.

 

6. Differentiate between:

 

Question a. Water transport in the Amazon and the Ganga river.

Water transport in the Amazon River	Water Transport in the Ganga River
(i) River Amazon is navigable throughout its course due to its gentle slope.	(i) River Ganga is navigable only in its middle and lower course which is gentler as compared to its upper course.
(ii) Boats ply from Equitos in Peru to its mouth i.e., approximately 3700 km.	(ii) Boats ply from Allahabad to Haldia. i.e. approximately 1620 km.
(iii) River Amazon is used for navigation between Brazil and neighbouring countries.	(iii) River Ganga is used for inland transportation.

In simple words: The Amazon River is fully navigable with a gentle slope, supporting international trade, while the Ganga River is navigable only in its middle and lower courses for domestic inland transportation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When differentiating, focus on contrasting features such as navigability extent, gradient, and the primary use (international vs. inland) for each river system.

 

Question b. Communication in Brazil and India

Communication in Brazil	Communication in India
(i) Telecommunication services in Brazil are well developed and efficient. (ii) Brazil is developing technology to send domestically-made satellites into space with its own rockets.	(i) With the explosion of electronic media, telecommunication industry has become one of the fast growing sectors. (ii) With development of our own satellites, India has come a long way in this field.

In simple words: Brazil has advanced telecommunication services and satellite launch capabilities, while India has experienced a rapid expansion in electronic media and has also developed its own satellite technology.

🎯 Exam Tip: Compare both the terrestrial communication infrastructure and advancements in space technology when differentiating between countries.

 

Question c. IST and BRT

IST	BRT
(i) 1ST is the Indian Standard Time.	(i) BRT is the Brasilia Time/Brazil Time. (Standard Time)
(ii) India has only one standard time zone.	(ii) Brazil has four time zones.
(iii) The official 1ST is based on 82.5° E longitude which passes through Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.	(iii) The official BRT is GMT - 03 which passes through Brasilia.
(iv) 1ST is 5hrs 30mins ahead of Greenwich Meridian	(iv) BRT is 2,3,4, or 5 hrs behind Greenwich Meridian
(v) Time as India is in the eastern hemisphere.	(v) Time as Brazil is in the western hemisphere.

In simple words: IST (Indian Standard Time) is India's single time zone, 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT, while BRT (Brasilia Time) refers to Brazil's multiple time zones, which are behind GMT.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how longitudinal extent dictates the number of time zones and their relationship to the Greenwich Meridian (GMT).

 

7. Write short notes on:

 

Question a. Modem means of communication:
Answer:
(i) Modern means of communication includes landlines as well as mobile services,
television broadcasting and computer/internet access.
(ii) In this era of information and communication technology, digitally enhanced
communication devices like mobile phones, smart phones, internet and satellites are
being used.
In simple words: Modern communication encompasses landlines, mobile networks, television, and internet, increasingly relying on digital devices like smartphones and satellites for advanced connectivity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on both traditional and technologically advanced methods when describing modern communication means.

 

Question b. Air transport in India:
Answer:
(i) Air transport is more developed in India as compared to Brazil.
(ii) The use of international and internal airways is increasing.
(iii) Important airports from where domestic and foreign travel take place are
Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, etc.
In simple words: Air transport in India is advanced compared to Brazil, with growing domestic and international air travel facilitated by major airports in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Chennai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the relative development, types of usage (domestic/international), and key operational hubs for air transport.

 

Question c. Correlation between physiography and internal waterways:
Answer:
(i) Internal (Inland) waterways comprises of rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks, etc.
which are the cheap means of transportation.
(ii) Deep waters, gentle slopes, absence of rapids and waterfalls and the long course
of rivers are favourable factors for development of internal waterways.
(iii) The longest waterways in the world is developed in the Amazon river in Brazil
which is navigable for around 3700 kms.
(iv) Perennial river like Ganga in India is navigable in its lower course but the
peninsular rivers are not used due to shallow waters, shorter course, seasonal nature,
etc.
In simple words: Physiography greatly affects internal waterways; features like deep, perennial rivers with gentle slopes (Amazon, lower Ganga) favor navigation, while rapids, waterfalls, and shallow, seasonal rivers (peninsular India) hinder it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly connect specific topographical and hydrological characteristics to the feasibility and extent of internal waterway development.

 

Question d. Importance of Standard Time:
Answer:
(i) Standard Time is the official time and is commonly accepted all over the country or
region.
(ii) The importance of Standard Time is the most, if the country has a vast longitudinal
extent, since there will be a great difference between the time of its places located in
the eastern and the western parts.
(iii) It helps in making proper schedules of travel, business meeting, co-ordinating the
functioning of various organisations, etc.
(iv) Thus Standard Time helps in avoiding confusion regarding day, date and time.
In simple words: Standard Time is essential for large countries to maintain a unified clock, reducing confusion and enabling efficient coordination for travel, business, and various organizational activities across different longitudes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the practical benefits of standard time for daily life, economic activities, and national cohesion, especially in countries with wide longitudinal extents.

 

Class 10 Geography Chapter 9 Tourism, Transport And Communication Intext Questions And Answers

 

Answer the following questions on the basis of the map given.

 

Observe the map carefully and answer the following questions:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह मानचित्र भारत के राष्ट्रीय राजमार्गों और प्रमुख बंदरगाहों को दर्शाता है, जिसमें उत्तर-दक्षिण और पूर्व-पश्चिम गलियारों, स्वर्णिम चतुर्भुज और विभिन्न राष्ट्रीय राजमार्गों को प्रदर्शित किया गया है। यह भारत के प्रमुख परिवहन नेटवर्क और तटीय बंदरगाहों का अवलोकन प्रदान करता है।

 

Question 1. Name the terminal points of the North-South Corridor of Golden quadrilateral Highway.
Answer: North - Srinagar, South – Kanyakumari.
In simple words: The North-South Corridor of the Golden Quadrilateral Highway connects Srinagar in the North to Kanyakumari in the South.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the key terminal points of major national highways and corridors for map-based questions.

 

Question 2. Name the terminal points of East-West corridor Golden Quadrilateral highway.
Answer: East - Silchar; West – Porbandar.
In simple words: The East-West Corridor of the Golden Quadrilateral Highway connects Silchar in the East to Porbandar in the West.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the start and end points of major infrastructure projects helps in locating them on a map.

 

Question 3. Name the three major ports on the western coast.
Answer: Porbandar, Mumbai and Cochin are the three major ports on the western coast.
In simple words: Porbandar, Mumbai, and Cochin are significant ports located on India's western coastline.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify and learn the names and locations of major ports on both eastern and western coasts of India.

 

Question 4. Name the three major ports on the eastern coast.
Answer:
1. Chennai
2. Vishakhapatnam and
3. Haldia
In simple words: Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, and Haldia are key major ports situated on India's eastern coast.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between eastern and western coast ports to answer location-specific questions accurately.

 

Question 5. (Kolkata) are the three major ports on the eastern coast. Which parts of India have a spare network of road transport route? Give reason.
Answer: The northernmost part of India in the state of Jammu and Kashmir does not have any national highway or other roadways, because it is a mountainous region.
In simple words: The northernmost parts of India, specifically Jammu and Kashmir, have a sparse road network due to their mountainous terrain, limiting infrastructure development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the geographical constraints (e.g., mountains, forests) that limit transport infrastructure development in certain regions.

 

Observe the given map carefully and answer the following questions:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह मानचित्र भारत के महत्वपूर्ण रेलवे मार्गों और हवाई अड्डों को दर्शाता है, जिसमें देश भर में फैले प्रमुख रेलवे जंक्शनों और हवाई अड्डों का स्थान प्रदर्शित किया गया है। यह भारत के रेल और हवाई परिवहन नेटवर्क का अवलोकन प्रदान करता है।

 

Question 1. What does the map indicate ?
Answer: The map indicates the important railway routes and airports of India.
In simple words: The map primarily illustrates the major railway routes and airport locations across India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always identify the primary subject and scope of a given map to answer interpretative questions correctly.

 

Question 2. Which part of India has many airports compared to the others?
Answer: The Southern part of India (i.e.) Peninsular India has many airports compared to the other parts of India.
In simple words: Peninsular India, or the southern region, has a higher density of airports compared to other parts of the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analyze map density patterns to identify regions with higher concentrations of specific infrastructure.

 

Question 3. Which part of India has a dense network of rail routes?
Answer: North Indian plains region has a dense network of rail routes.
In simple words: The North Indian plains exhibit a dense network of railway routes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Flat terrain and high population density often lead to a dense railway network, as seen in the North Indian plains.

 

Question 4. Name the northernmost important railway station.
Answer: Baramulla is the northernmost important railway station.
In simple words: Baramulla is identified as the northernmost significant railway station in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify extreme points on a map (northernmost, southernmost, etc.) to answer specific location-based questions.

 

Question 5. Name the easternmost important railway station.
Answer: Tinsukia is the easternmost important railway station.
In simple words: Tinsukia holds the distinction of being India's easternmost important railway station.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice identifying geographical extremes from maps, which are common question types.

 

Question 6. Name the two westernmost important railway stations.
Answer: Okha and Naliya are the two westernmost important railway stations.
In simple words: Okha and Naliya are recognized as the two westernmost important railway stations in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multiple answers, ensure all requested items are listed correctly and accurately from the map.

 

Try This

 

Look at the graph and answer the following questions:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक पॉलीलाइन ग्राफ है जो 1995 से 2015 तक ब्राजील और भारत में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पर्यटकों की संख्या (लाखों में) की तुलना करता है, जिससे दोनों देशों में पर्यटन आगमन के रुझान को समझा जा सकता है।

 

Question 1. Which country attracted more international tourists in the year 1995?
Answer: India attracted more international tourists in the year 1995.
In simple words: In 1995, India recorded a higher number of international tourist arrivals compared to Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always refer to the specific data points on the graph for accurate answers to comparison questions.

 

Question 2. In which country did more international tourists arrive in the year 2000?
Answer: More international tourists arrived in Brazil in the year 2000.
In simple words: Brazil experienced a greater influx of international tourists in the year 2000 than India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read the graph's labels and scales to avoid misinterpreting data points and trends.

 

Question 3. In which year can an increase be seen in the number of international tourists in India?
Answer: An increase in the number of international tourists in India can be seen from the year 2010.
In simple words: India began showing a noticeable increase in international tourist numbers starting from 2010.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify trends and turning points in graphs to accurately answer questions about growth or decline over time.

 

Question 4. What was the number of international tourists in the year 2015 in both the countries? What was the difference between them?
Answer: The number of international tourists in India in 2015 was approximately 130 lakhs.
The number of international tourists in Brazil in 2015 was 60 lakhs. The difference between India and Brazil in the numbers of international tourists in 2015 was 70 lakh people. (130 lakhs – 60 lakhs).
In simple words: In 2015, India had approximately 130 lakh international tourists, while Brazil had 60 lakh, resulting in a difference of 70 lakh tourists.

🎯 Exam Tip: For numerical questions from graphs, provide both individual values and the calculated differences as requested.

Can You Tell?

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक लाइन ग्राफ है जो 1995 से 2015 तक ब्राजील और भारत में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पर्यटकों की संख्या (लाखों में) को दर्शाता है। नीली रेखा ब्राजील में पर्यटकों की संख्या और नारंगी रेखा भारत में पर्यटकों की संख्या दर्शाती है।

Question 1. Which country attracted more international tourists in the year 1995?
Answer: India attracted more international tourists in the year 1995.
In simple words: In 1995, more international visitors chose India as their travel destination compared to Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing line graphs, clearly identify the year on the x-axis and the corresponding value for each data series on the y-axis.

Question 2. In which country did more international tourists arrive in the year 2000?
Answer: More international tourists arrived in Brazil in the year 2000.
In simple words: Brazil received more international tourists in the year 2000 than India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the intersection points or clear separation between lines on a graph to determine which country has higher values at specific points in time.

Question 3. In which year can an increase be seen in the number of international tourists in India?
Answer: An increase in the number of international tourists in India can be seen from the year 2010.
In simple words: India's international tourist numbers started to show an upward trend beginning in 2010.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for an upward slope in the line representing a particular country to identify periods of increase. A consistent rise indicates growth.

Question 4. What was the number of international tourists in the year 2015 in both the countries? What was the difference between them?
Answer: The number of international tourists in India in 2015 was approximately 130 lakhs. The number of international tourists in Brazil in 2015 was 60 lakhs. The difference between India and Brazil in the numbers of international tourists in 2015 was 70 lakh people. (130 lakhs - 60 lakhs).
In simple words: In 2015, India had 130 lakh international tourists, while Brazil had 60 lakh, resulting in a difference of 70 lakh tourists.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately read values from the y-axis for the specified year and perform simple subtraction to find the difference between two data points.

Question 5. What could be the reason of increase in tourists in India after the year 2010?
Answer: There is an increase in tourists coming to India after 2010 because :
• Different types of tourism like eco-tourism, health tourism, business tourism, etc. have been promoted by the Indian Government.
• The quality of travel and stay in India has also improved.
In simple words: After 2010, India saw more tourists due to government promotion of diverse tourism types and better travel and accommodation facilities.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for reasons, consider both governmental policies (promotion, infrastructure) and improvements in services (quality of travel/stay) as contributing factors.

Question 6. Name the kind of graph shown above.
Answer: Polyline graph.
In simple words: The graph that uses connected lines to show data trends over time is called a polyline graph.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand basic graph types like bar, line (polyline), pie, and scatter plots. A line graph is often used to show changes over a continuous period.

Can You Tell?

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक संयुक्त बार ग्राफ है जो 2016 में ब्राजील और भारत में पर्यटन में लगी आबादी के प्रतिशत और सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) में पर्यटन के योगदान को दर्शाता है। प्रत्येक देश के लिए, दो बार हैं- नीला बार पर्यटन में लगी आबादी का प्रतिशत और लाल बार GDP में पर्यटन के योगदान का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है।

Question 1. What type of graph is shown here?
Answer: The type of graph shown here is a Joint Bar Graph.
In simple words: This graph is a Joint Bar Graph, which means it uses multiple bars for each category to compare different data points.

🎯 Exam Tip: A joint bar graph (or grouped bar graph) is used to compare multiple categories for different groups, usually identified by different colored bars within each group.

Question 2. What does the graph show?
Answer: The graph shows:
• The percentage of population engaged in tourism in Brazil and India in 2016.
• The contribution of tourism in GDP by both the countries in 2016.
In simple words: The graph illustrates both the percentage of the population working in tourism and the tourism sector's contribution to the GDP for Brazil and India in 2016.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always read the title and the axis labels (including units) of a graph to fully understand the data it presents and its purpose.

Question 3. Which country's tourism has a larger share in the contribution towards GDP?
Answer: Brazil's tourism has a larger share in the contribution towards GDP.
In simple words: Tourism contributes a greater portion to Brazil's national income (GDP) than it does to India's.

🎯 Exam Tip: Compare the red bars for both countries to determine which has a higher percentage contribution to GDP. Visual inspection or exact value reading can confirm this.

Question 4. Which country has a larger population engaged in tourism sector but contributes lesser in GDP?
Answer: India has a larger population engaged in tourism sector but contributes lesser in GDP terms.
In simple words: India has more people working in tourism but its economic output from tourism (GDP contribution) is smaller compared to Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question requires comparing two different metrics (population engaged vs. GDP contribution) for both countries to identify the specific disparity.

Question 5. How much percentage of India's population is engaged in tourism?
Answer: Nearly 9.5 percentage of Indian population is engaged in tourism.
In simple words: Roughly 9.5% of India's total population works in the tourism industry.

🎯 Exam Tip: Locate the blue bar for India and read its value accurately from the y-axis, which represents the percentage of population engaged in tourism.

Question 6. How much is the contribution of tourism in India's GDP in 2016?.
Answer: The contribution of tourism in India's GDP in 2016 is nearly 8.5 per cent.
In simple words: In 2016, the tourism sector contributed about 8.5% to India's total economic output (GDP).

🎯 Exam Tip: Find the red bar for India and read its value from the y-axis to determine the percentage of GDP contribution.

Make Friends With Maps

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह ब्राजील का एक परिवहन मानचित्र है जो प्रमुख सड़कों, अन्य सड़कों, रेलवे, राजधानी शहरों, पर्यटन स्थलों और हवाई अड्डों और बंदरगाहों को दर्शाता है। मानचित्र में उत्तर, अटलांटिक महासागर और विभिन्न भौगोलिक क्षेत्रों को भी दिखाया गया है।

Question 1. Which means of transport are seen on the map?
Answer: All the means of transport like roadways, railways, airways, and waterways are seen on the map.
In simple words: The map displays various transport methods including roads, railways, airports, and seaports.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always refer to the map's legend (index) to accurately identify all the different symbols representing various means of transport.

Question 2. Which means of transport has a denser network?
Answer: The roadways have a denser network.
In simple words: Roads are the most widespread and closely connected transportation system shown on the map.

🎯 Exam Tip: Visually assess the map for the highest concentration of lines or symbols representing different transport types; the one with the most lines indicates the densest network.

Question 3. Which highway can be seen prominently? Which places does it join?
Answer: The Trans Amazonian Highway can be seen prominently. It connects Cruzeiro do sul, Porto Velho, Manaus and Brasilia.
In simple words: The Trans Amazonian Highway is a major road connecting several key cities across Brazil, including Cruzeiro do Sul, Porto Velho, Manaus, and Brasilia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for thick or distinctly labeled lines on the map that represent major highways, and then trace their path to identify the cities they connect.

Question 4. What could be the reason for the development of railways in the South-East?
Answer: (i) South-east Brazil is the richest and the most populated region of the country.
(ii) Agriculture, mining, and tourism are well developed in this part of Brazil.
In simple words: Railways are well-developed in Brazil's South-East due to its high population, wealth, and strong agriculture, mining, and tourism industries.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining infrastructure development, always link it to economic activities, population density, and natural resources of the region.

Question 5. In which part of Brazil do you see a lesser development of transport network? What could be the reason?
Answer: (i) Amazon in the north and Pantanal in the west have lesser development of transport network.
(ii) Amazon in the north due to dense forest cover whereas Pantanal is a swampy land.
In simple words: Transport networks are less developed in Brazil's northern Amazon (due to dense forests) and western Pantanal (due to swampy terrain).

🎯 Exam Tip: Geographic features like dense forests, mountains, or swampy lands are major obstacles to transport development; always consider topography when answering such questions.

Think About It.

Question 1. Considering the development of transport in a place, which factors do you think are responsible for the development of transport in Brazil? Also, think which means of transport could be used in Brazil given its topography and drainage?
Answer: Considering the development of transport in a place, the factors that are responsible for the development of transport in Brazil are:
• The physiography, accessibility, population, climatic conditions, availability of power/fuel, funds, etc.
• Roads and ports need to be upgraded.
• Railways are few and competitive. They can be increased in the central part.
• With its topography and drainage Brazil should develop more waterways.
In simple words: Brazil's transport development is shaped by its geography, population, climate, and resources; it should enhance waterways given its terrain.

🎯 Exam Tip: A holistic answer for transport development should cover geographical, economic, demographic, and infrastructural aspects, and propose suitable modes based on natural features.

Activity

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह भारत का एक विस्तृत परिवहन मानचित्र है, जो राष्ट्रीय राजमार्गों और प्रमुख बंदरगाहों को दर्शाता है। मानचित्र में उत्तर-दक्षिण राजमार्ग, पूर्व-पश्चिम राजमार्ग, स्वर्ण चतुर्भुज और अन्य राष्ट्रीय राजमार्गों को भी दिखाया गया है। इसके अलावा, मानचित्र में भारत के विभिन्न राज्यों में प्रमुख बंदरगाहों को चिन्हित किया गया है।

Question 1. Which means of transport are visible on the map?
Answer: The means of transport used are roadways and waterways.
The means of transport used are railways and airways.
In simple words: The map shows roads, railways, airports, and seaports as modes of transportation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully examine the map legend for all symbols representing different transport types (roads, railways, airports, ports) to ensure a complete answer.

Question 2. In which part of India is the density of railways more?
Answer: The density of railways is more in the Northern Plains region.
In simple words: The Northern Plains of India have a greater concentration of railway lines.

🎯 Exam Tip: Railway density is typically higher in flat, densely populated, and economically active regions, like the Northern Plains, which are easy to build on and have high demand.

Question 3. Name five important ports and airports of India.
Answer: Ports: Mumbai, Vishakhapatanam, Haldia, Chennai and Kandla.
Airports: Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Kolkata.
In simple words: Important Indian ports include Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, Haldia, Chennai, and Kandla, while major airports are in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Kolkata.

🎯 Exam Tip: For such factual questions, recall well-known major cities and their associated infrastructure. Often, major cities serve as hubs for both ports and airports.

Question 4. Which parts of India have a sparse network of transport? What could be the reason?
Answer: (i) The north and the north-east parts of India have a sparse network of transport.
(ii) Due to mountainous and snow covered areas in the north and the dense inaccesible forest areas of the north-east, the transportation network is sparse here.
(iii) Also these regions have low population and lack of economic opportunities.
In simple words: Transport networks are sparse in North and North-East India due to challenging mountainous terrain, dense forests, and low population with limited economic opportunities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect sparse transport networks to geographical barriers (mountains, forests), harsh climate (snow), and socio-economic factors (low population, limited development).

Give It A Try.

Question 1. Arun called his mother from Digboi at 7 am. At what local time will his mother pick up his call at Jaisalmer?
Answer: Arun's mother will pick his call at 5.00 am. local time at Jaisalmer.
In simple words: If Arun calls from Digboi at 7 am, his mother in Jaisalmer will receive the call at 5 am local time, due to the two-hour time difference within India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember India's longitudinal extent results in approximately a 2-hour time difference between its easternmost and westernmost points, with the east being ahead. Digboi is in the east, Jaisalmer in the west.

Question 2. Calculate the difference in time between the two points in minutes.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह ब्राजील का मानक समय क्षेत्र मानचित्र है, जिसमें -5, -4, -3 और -2 घंटे GMT के सापेक्ष विभिन्न समय क्षेत्र दर्शाए गए हैं। मानचित्र में पश्चिमी बिंदु नासेंटे दो रियो मोआ और पूर्वी बिंदु पोंटा दे सेक्सास को भी दिखाया गया है।

Westernmost point: Nascente do Rio Moa (07° 32′33″S, 70° 59′W) Easternmost point: Ponta do Seixas, Paraiba (07° 09′ 28″S, 34° 47′W),
The difference in time between the Easternmost and the Westernmost part of Brazil is 168 minutes.
In simple words: The time difference between Brazil's easternmost point (Ponta do Seixas) and westernmost point (Nascente do Rio Moa) is 168 minutes, or 2 hours and 48 minutes.

🎯 Exam Tip: To calculate time differences based on longitude, recall that 1 degree of longitude corresponds to 4 minutes of time. Find the longitudinal difference and multiply by 4.

Activity

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह भारत का एक परिवहन मानचित्र है जिसमें महत्वपूर्ण रेलवे मार्ग और हवाई अड्डे दर्शाए गए हैं। मानचित्र पर विभिन्न शहरों और उनके संबंधित रेलवे स्टेशनों और हवाई अड्डों को चिन्हित किया गया है। यह मानचित्र भारत के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में परिवहन नेटवर्क की सघनता को समझने में मदद करता है, जिसमें उत्तर में हिमालयी क्षेत्र से लेकर दक्षिण में प्रायद्वीपीय क्षेत्र तक शामिल हैं।

Question 1. How many divisions can you see in the map?
Answer: We can see 4 divisions in the map.
In simple words: The map is divided into four distinct sections or zones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Simply count the clearly marked distinct color-coded or bordered regions on the map to determine the number of divisions.

Question 2. What do these divisions signify?
Answer: These divisions signify the time zones in Brazil.
In simple words: The different sections on the map represent the various time zones that exist across Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Maps showing such divisions, especially with hour differences, almost always represent time zones. Look for labels like "GMT" or "Time Zone" to confirm.

Question 3. What does the term 'behind the GMT' mean?
Answer: The Greenwich Meridian Time is a time set with reference to 0° longitude that passes through Greenwich. The countries lying to the west of 0° longitude are 'behind the GMT'.
In simple words: 'Behind the GMT' means a location's time is earlier than Greenwich Mean Time, occurring for countries situated west of the Prime Meridian.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the Prime Meridian (0° longitude) as the reference for GMT. East of GMT is "ahead" (later), and west of GMT is "behind" (earlier).

Question 4. Which part of Brazil is ahead of other?
Answer: The easternmost part of Brazil is ahead of the other parts.
In simple words: The eastern side of Brazil experiences time earlier than its western regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: In any country with multiple time zones, the easternmost regions will always be "ahead" (have a later time) compared to the western regions because the sun rises in the east.

Question 5. By how many minutes is this part ahead of others?
Answer: 60 to 180 minutes.
In simple words: The easternmost part of Brazil is 1 to 3 hours (60 to 180 minutes) ahead of its other time zones.

🎯 Exam Tip: The map's time zone labels (e.g., -2 hours GMT, -3 hours GMT) indicate the difference. The difference between the easternmost (-2 GMT) and westernmost (-5 GMT) is 3 hours or 180 minutes.

Question 6. What does the red line in the map show?
Answer: The red line in the map is the official BRT which is in the GMT-03 time zone. It is 3 hours behind GMT.
In simple words: The red line represents Brazil's official standard time, which is three hours behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT-03).

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for specific color codes or annotations on the map that highlight a particular feature. The legend or accompanying text often provides this information.

Make Friends With Maps

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह भारत का एक राजनीतिक मानचित्र है जो देश के स्थान और विस्तार को दर्शाता है। यह मानचित्र देशांतरीय और अक्षांशीय सीमाओं, कर्क रेखा (Tropic of Cancer), पूर्व-पश्चिम और उत्तर-दक्षिण दूरियों, और भारतीय मानक समय (IST) देशांतर को प्रदर्शित करता है। इसमें पड़ोसी देश जैसे अफगानिस्तान, पाकिस्तान, चीन, नेपाल, भूटान, बांग्लादेश और म्यांमार भी दिखाए गए हैं।

Question 1. Calculate the difference between the two longitudinal extremes of mainland India. Is it more than Brazil?
Answer: The difference between the two longitudinal extremes of east and west mainland India is about 29°.
In simple words: India's mainland spans about 29 degrees of longitude from east to west.

🎯 Exam Tip: To calculate longitudinal difference, subtract the longitude of the westernmost point from the easternmost point. A significant longitudinal extent implies a greater time variation.

Question 2. Which longitude in India is called the Indian Standard Time (IST)?
Answer: The 82° 30′ E longitude is called Indian Standard Time (IST)
In simple words: The 82° 30′ E longitude line is designated as India's official standard time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific longitude (82°30'E) that defines Indian Standard Time (IST) as it's a key geographical fact.

Question 3. What is the difference between IST and the GMT?
Answer: The IST time is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of the GMT.
In simple words: Indian Standard Time (IST) is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a standard geographical fact. \(82.5° \times 4 \text{ minutes/degree} = 330 \text{ minutes} = 5 \text{ hours } 30 \text{ minutes}\).

Question 4. How many local times are there in India?
Answer: There are 29 local times.
In simple words: India theoretically has 29 different local times due to its longitudinal spread.

🎯 Exam Tip: While a country may have one standard time zone, the *local time* varies for every degree of longitude. India spans roughly 29 degrees, hence 29 theoretical local times.

Question 5. How much is the time difference between the western most and the eastern most points of India?
Answer: Two hours, 120 minutes.
In simple words: The time difference between India's extreme east and west points is approximately two hours, or 120 minutes.

🎯 Exam Tip: This difference is derived from the approximate 29° longitudinal extent of India, where \(29° \times 4 \text{ minutes/degree} \approx 116 \text{ minutes}\), which is close to 120 minutes (2 hours).

Think About It.

Question 1. It is 12 noon at Delhi. What would be the local time in Brasilia?
Answer: If it is 12 noon at Delhi, the local time in Brasilia would be 3.30 a.m. This is because Brasilia is 3 hours behind GMT and Delhi is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT.
Therefore

Brasilia	GMT 0°	Delhi
3 hours (behind)		5 hours 30 mins. (ahead)

Time difference between Brasilia and Delhi is of 8 hours 30 mins (3 hours + 5 hours 30 mins) Time at Delhi = 12 noon
Time at Brasilia = 12 noon - 8 hours 30 mins
= 3.30 a.m.
In simple words: If it's 12 noon in Delhi, it would be 3:30 a.m. in Brasilia, as Brasilia is 8 hours and 30 minutes behind Delhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: To calculate time across different time zones, first find the difference of each location from GMT, then combine these differences (add if on opposite sides of GMT, subtract if on the same side).

Use Your Brain Power

Question 1. Saurabh and Ashwini work for a MNC. Two of their regional head offices are located in Brazil in Rio De Janeiro and Manaus, respectively. Both of them have to contact either of the head offices constantly. As they have to adjust timings according to their head offices, find out their corresponding timings in India, if they work according to office timings in Brazil, i.e 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Answer: (i) Let us assume Saurabh is coordinating with Rio De Janeiro's head office and Ashwini is coordinating with the head office of Manaus.
(ii) Brazil has four time zones. It is behind the GMT by 2, 3, 4 or 5 hours.
(iii) Rio De Janeiro is in the 2nd time zone which is 3 hours behind GMT (GMT-03) and Manaus is the 3rd time zone which is 4 hours behind GMT (GMT-04).
(iv) Now, the time difference between GMT and IST is of 5 hours 30 mins.
They have to make following adjustments :

Saurabh
Rio De Janeiro	GMT	IST
10 a.m.	1 p.m.	6.30 p.m.
5 p.m.	8 p.m.	1.30 a.m.

Ashwini
Manaus	GMT	IST
10 a.m.	2 p.m.	7.30 p.m.
5 p.m.	9 p.m.	2.30 a.m.

Rio De Janeiro is in the 2nd time zone which is 3 hours behind GMT (GMT-03) and Manaus is the 3rd time zone which is 4 hours behind GMT (G
Corresponding timings in India Saurabh: 6.30 p.m. to 1.30 a.m. Ashwini: 7.30 p.m. to 2.30 a.m.
In simple words: To coordinate with Brazil offices (10 a.m.-5 p.m.), Saurabh (Rio de Janeiro, GMT-03) would work from 6:30 p.m. to 1:30 a.m. IST, and Ashwini (Manaus, GMT-04) from 7:30 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. IST.

🎯 Exam Tip: For complex time zone calculations involving multiple locations, systematically convert each local time to GMT first, then convert from GMT to the target local time (IST in this case).

Give It A Try

Question 1. On what basis will you decide how many standard times should be there in a country?
Answer: The longitudinal extent of a country will help one decide how many standard times should be there in a country.
In simple words: The decision on how many standard time zones a country should have is based on how wide it is from east to west (its longitudinal extent).

🎯 Exam Tip: The wider a country's longitudinal span, the greater the need for multiple standard time zones to keep local times reasonably aligned with the sun's position.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 9 Tourism, Transport And Communication Additional Important Questions And Answers

Choose The Correct Option And Rewrite The Statements:

Question 1. The new capital city of Brazil is _____.
(a) Rio de Janeiro
(b) Sao Paulo
(c) Manaus
(d) Brasilia
Answer: (d) Brasilia
In simple words: Brasilia is the modern capital city of Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a direct recall question. Knowing the capitals of major countries is fundamental geographical knowledge.

Question 2. A city that attracts a lot of tourists is _____.
(a) Rio de Janeiro
(b) Brasilia
(c) Manaus
(d) Ponta de Seixas
Answer: (a) Rio de Janeiro
In simple words: Rio de Janeiro is a well-known city in Brazil that draws many tourists.

🎯 Exam Tip: Tourist attraction often relates to famous landmarks, beaches, or cultural events; Rio de Janeiro is famous for these.

Question 3. The proportion of the Indian population engaged in tourism is proportionately _____ Brazil.
(a) lower than
(b) higher than
(c) equal to
(d) extremely lesser than

Question 4.The football stadium at - is quite well known
(a) Rio de Janeiro
(b) Manaus
(c) Sao Paulo
(d) Boa Vista
Answer: (b) Manaus
In simple words: Manaus is known for its Arena da Amazônia, a major football stadium, making it a famous landmark.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying key cities and their notable features is crucial for scoring well in geography questions related to specific locations.

Question 5.The most common method of transportation in Brazil is -
(a) railways
(b) waterways
(c) roadways
(d) airways
Answer: (c) roadways
In simple words: Roadways are the most extensively used mode of transport in Brazil for both passengers and freight, covering vast distances across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the dominant transport modes of a country often reflects its geography, economic development, and population distribution.

Question 6.The density of road network in Brazil is concentrated in the - part of the country.
(a) southern
(b) northern
(c) western
(d) eastern
Answer: (d) eastern
In simple words: The eastern part of Brazil has a higher concentration of population and economic activity, leading to a denser network of roads.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correlation between population density, economic activity, and infrastructure development is a recurring theme in geography, so remember these relationships.

Question 7.The forested lands of the Amazon River basin and the - lands have limited the development of roadways in this part of Brazil.
(a) drought-prone
Answer: (c) swampy
In simple words: The dense Amazon rainforest and extensive swampy areas in Brazil's northern and western parts pose significant challenges to road construction, thus limiting network development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Natural barriers like dense forests and swamps are major hindrances to infrastructure development; highlight these geographical reasons in your answers.

Question 8.Waterways have been developed on a commercial basis in the - river.
(a) Amazon
(b) Uruguay
(c) Purus
(d) Aragua
Answer: (a) Amazon
In simple words: The Amazon River, with its vast network of navigable channels, serves as a crucial commercial waterway for transportation in Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the major rivers and their economic importance, especially for transport, is key for questions on waterways.

Question 9.Boats ply from - in Peru to the mouth of the river Amazon.
(a) Lima
(b) Cusco
(c) Equitos
(d) Nazca
Answer: (c) Equitos
In simple words: Equitos, located in Peru, is a significant port city from which boats navigate the Amazon River to its mouth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific geographical facts like starting/ending points of important waterways demonstrate detailed knowledge and help secure full marks.

Question 10.Apart from R. Amazon, another important river for waterways is the - Parana river.
(a) south-flowing
(b) north-flowing
(c) east-flowing
(d) west-flowing
Answer: (a) south-flowing
In simple words: The Parana River is a major south-flowing river in Brazil, crucial for navigation and waterways, second only to the Amazon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Being aware of the direction of flow and importance of secondary rivers for transport indicates a comprehensive understanding of a region's drainage system.

Question 11.The contribution of - is less in the transportation system of Brazil.
(a) railways
Answer: (d) airways
In simple words: Airways, while important for speed, contribute less overall to the bulk of transportation in Brazil compared to other modes like roadways.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that "contribution" can refer to volume, reach, or economic share; for general transportation, airways often have a smaller share than surface transport.

Question 12.Railway network is dense in the - of India.
(a) hilly states
(b) north-eastern states
(c) central parts of India
(d) north indian plains
Answer: (b) north-eastern states
In simple words: The flat terrain and high population density of the North-Eastern states facilitate a dense railway network for efficient transportation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relate geographical features (like plains) and population density to the development of infrastructure like railway networks.

Question 13.Approximately, 95% of foreign trade moves through - routes, in India.
(a) road
(b) rail
(c) air
(d) ocean
Answer: (d) ocean
In simple words: India's extensive coastline and strategic location make ocean routes the primary means for conducting almost all of its foreign trade due to cost-effectiveness and capacity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the importance of sea routes for international trade is fundamental for countries with long coastlines like India.

Question 14.The westernmost extreme point on mainland Brazil is -
(a) Rio Grande
(b) Rio de Janeiro
(c) Nascente do Rio Moa
(d) Ponta do Seixas
Answer: (c) Nascente do Rio Moa
In simple words: Nascente do Rio Moa marks the farthest west point of Brazil's mainland, a key geographical coordinate.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the extreme geographical points (north, south, east, west) of countries is important for foundational geography knowledge.

Question 15.The easternmost extreme point on mainland Brazil is -
(a) Rio Grande
(b) Sao Paulo
(c) Ponta do Seixas
(d) Nascente do Rio Moa
Answer: (c) Ponta do Seixas
In simple words: Ponta do Seixas is the easternmost point of the Brazilian mainland, located in the state of Paraíba.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorizing the geographical extremes helps in understanding a country's longitudinal and latitudinal extent, which impacts time zones and climate.

Question 16.Brazil has - time zones.
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Answer: (b) 4
In simple words: Brazil is a large country with a significant longitudinal extent, necessitating the adoption of four standard time zones to accommodate geographical variations.

🎯 Exam Tip: The number of time zones in a country is directly related to its longitudinal span; larger spans generally mean more time zones.

Question 17.(BRT) Brazil time is - hours behind GMT.
(a) three
(b) four
(c) five
(d) six
Answer: (a) three
In simple words: The official Brasilia Time (BRT), which is the most commonly used time zone, is 3 hours behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about specific time zone differences, especially for major countries, as they are common exam questions.

Question 18.Today, more than 45% of the Brazilian population has access to the -
(a) mobile services
(b) television broadcasting
(c) radio broadcasting
(d) internet
Answer: (d) internet
In simple words: Internet access has become widespread in Brazil, with a significant portion of the population now having connectivity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Staying updated with statistics on technological penetration (like internet access) in different countries is relevant for questions on communication and development.

Question 19.The telecommunication infrastructure is fairly modern, particularly in - Brazil.
(a) north
(b) north-west
(c) north-east
(d) central-south
Answer: (d) central-south
In simple words: The central-south region of Brazil, being more economically developed and densely populated, has a more advanced and modern telecommunication infrastructure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Economic development and population density often dictate the quality and modernity of infrastructure, including telecommunications, within a country.

Question 20.- services in Brazil are well-developed and efficient.
(a) Air
(b) Railway
(c) Helicopter
(d) Telecommunication
Answer: (d) Telecommunication
In simple words: Brazil has invested heavily in its telecommunication sector, resulting in well-developed and efficient services across many parts of the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that "well-developed and efficient" often points to sectors that have seen significant modernization and investment, like telecommunications.

Question 21.With regard to telecommunication infrastructure, the north and - are drastically less developed.
(a) south
(b) south-west
(c) north-west
(d) central-south
Answer: (c) north-west
In simple words: The northern and north-western parts of Brazil, characterized by dense rainforests and sparse populations, have significantly less developed telecommunication infrastructure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the geographical disparities in infrastructure development; remote and challenging terrains usually have poorer connectivity.

Question 22.Over recent years, - have led to the rapid expansion of telecommunication services in Brazil.
(a) landline phones
(b) radio broadcasting
(c) television broadcasting
(d) mobile telephones
Answer: (d) mobile telephones
In simple words: The widespread adoption and advancement of mobile telephone technology have been a primary driver behind the rapid expansion of telecommunication services in Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the impact of specific technologies on sector growth is important; mobile technology often accelerates communication access in developing regions.

Question 23.India has - standard time zone/s.
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four
Answer: (a) one
In simple words: India follows a single standard time zone (IST) across the entire country, despite its longitudinal extent, to maintain uniformity.

🎯 Exam Tip: While some large countries have multiple time zones, India's decision to have one is a key fact to remember for its geography.

Question 24.The difference between the two extreme most points in India is about -
(a) 120 minutes
(b) 210 minutes
(c) 168 minutes
(d) 186 minutes
Answer: (a) 120 minutes
In simple words: The longitudinal difference between the easternmost and westernmost points of India results in an approximate time difference of 2 hours, or 120 minutes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Calculate time differences by multiplying the longitudinal span by 4 minutes per degree; this is a fundamental concept in geography.

Question 25.The difference between the two extreme most points of Brazil is -
(a) 186 minutes
(b) 168 minutes
(c) 120 minutes
(d) 200 minutes
Answer: (b) 168 minutes
In simple words: The longitudinal extent of Brazil results in a time difference of approximately 168 minutes between its extreme eastern and western points.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be mindful of longitudinal differences and their corresponding time calculations for both India and Brazil, as they are often compared.

Question 26.The 82°30′E longitude is the Indian Standard Time longitude which passes though -
(a) Allahabad
(b) Ahmedabad
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Muzzaffarabad
Answer: (a) Allahabad
In simple words: The 82°30′E longitude, which defines Indian Standard Time, notably passes through the city of Allahabad (now Prayagraj).

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the specific geographical reference point for a country's standard time zone is a crucial detail to remember.

Question 27.India is one of the largest users of - and internet.
(a) landlines phones
(b) television
(c) radio
(d) smartphones
Answer: (d) smartphones
In simple words: India has a rapidly growing digital economy, and its large population makes it one of the biggest markets and users of smartphones and internet services globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding current trends in technology adoption and market size for communication devices is relevant for contemporary geography questions.

Question 28.About 85% of passenger and 70% of freight traffic are carried by - every year in India.
(a) roadways
(b) railways
(c) waterways
(d) airways
Answer: (a) roadways
In simple words: Roadways form the backbone of India's internal transportation system, handling the majority of both passenger and freight movement annually.

🎯 Exam Tip: These statistics highlight the dominance of road transport in India's domestic logistics and passenger movement, making it a critical infrastructure component.

Question 29.- is the official time of Brazil.
(a) GMT-01
(b) GMT-04
(c) GMT-03
(d) GMT-02
Answer: (c) GMT-03
In simple words: GMT-03 is the official standard time zone for Brazil, known as Brasilia Time (BRT), and is used for most of the populated areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the multiple time zones a country might have and its official or most widely used standard time zone.

Question 30.The prominent highway of Brazil is -
(a) Trans Belem Highway
(b) Trans Rio Grande Highway
(c) Trans Amazonian Highway
(d) Trans Brasilia Highway
Answer: (c) Trans Amazonian Highway
In simple words: The Trans-Amazonian Highway is a renowned and prominent highway in Brazil, famous for traversing the Amazon rainforest, despite the challenges of its construction and maintenance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognizing iconic infrastructure projects like major highways is important for understanding a country's transport geography.

Match The Following:

Question 1.

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
(1) The new capital city	(a) Rio de Janeiro
(2) The city attracting a lot of tourist	(b) Manaus
(3) Football stadium	(c) Peru
(4) Beach	(d) Brasilia
(5) Equitos	(e) Sao Paulo
	(f) Boa Vista

Answer:1 - d
2 - e
3 - b
4 - a
5 - c
In simple words: This match-the-following connects important Brazilian cities and geographical features with their respective descriptions or attributes, testing knowledge of key locations.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, quickly identify known pairs first and then deduce the remaining ones, paying attention to specific details for each option.

Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence:

Question 1.State the factors that attract foreign tourists towards India.
Answer: Foreign tourists visit India to see and understand its rich heritage and culture, for adventure, to avail the health services and for business purposes.
In simple words: India attracts tourists with its rich culture, historical sites, adventure opportunities, medical facilities, and business prospects.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing attractive factors, categorize them (e.g., cultural, adventure, medical, business) for a comprehensive answer.

Question 2.What is the kind of service provided by roadways in India?
Answer: About 85% of passenger traffic and 70% of freight traffic are carried by roadways every year in India.
In simple words: Roadways in India primarily provide door-to-door connectivity for both a large volume of passenger movement and a significant portion of freight transport.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the "door-to-door" service aspect of roadways as a key differentiator from other transport modes.

Question 3.How important are the inland waterways in India's transportation?
Answer: Inland waterways comprising rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks, etc., which contribute about only 1% to India's transportation.
In simple words: Inland waterways in India, including rivers and canals, play a relatively minor role in the country's overall transportation system, contributing only about 1%.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific statistics when available to support your statements about the importance or contribution of a sector.

Question 4.In what way are the ocean routes useful for India?
Answer: Approximately 95% of India's foreign trade moves through ocean routes.
In simple words: Ocean routes are vital for India as they facilitate the vast majority (around 95%) of its foreign trade, enabling import and export of goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: For coastal countries, ocean routes are almost always critical for international trade, a fact that should be highlighted.

Question 5.What kind of advanced space technology is Brazil developing?
Answer: Brazil is developing technology to send domestically-made satellites into space with its own rockets.
In simple words: Brazil is working on advanced space technology, specifically focusing on developing its own rockets to launch satellites made within the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific examples of technological advancement demonstrate deeper understanding; mentioning "domestically-made satellites" and "own rockets" is effective.

Question 6.Write a short note about the telecommunication infrastructure in different parts of Brazil.
Answer: The telecommunication infrastructure is fairly modern, particularly in central-south Brazil, but the north and north-west are drastically less developed.
In simple words: Brazil's telecommunication infrastructure is modern in its central-south region due to higher development, but it remains poorly developed in the northern and north-western parts due to geographical challenges.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always note regional disparities in infrastructure within a country and try to link them to geographical or economic reasons.

Question 7.Why have roadways not developed in the north and north-western part?
Answer: The forested lands of the Amazon River basin and the swampy lands have limited the development of roadways in the north and north-western region.
In simple words: Roadway development in northern and north-western Brazil is hindered by the dense Amazon rainforest and extensive swampy terrains, making construction difficult.

🎯 Exam Tip: Natural obstacles like dense forests and swamps are primary geographical reasons for underdeveloped transport networks in certain areas.

Question 8.Which time zone is considered to be the official Brazilian time?
Answer: GMT-03 Time Zone is considered to be the official Brazilian time.
In simple words: The official time for Brazil is the GMT-03 time zone, also known as Brasilia Time (BRT).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the GMT offset for official time zones when answering such questions.

Distinguish Between:

Question 1.The use of railways in Brazil and India.
Answer:

The use of railway in Brazil	The use of railway in India
(i) Railways have not developed very well in Brazil.	(i) Compared to Brazil, India has a denser network of railways.
(ii) The use of trains for long distance transportation is restricted to a few urban tourist routes though it is cheaper.	(ii) Freight and passenger transport have been facilitated due to the development of the railways, which are considered very important for the growth of Indian economy.
(iii) Dense network of railways have developed in south and south-east Brazil as compared to other parts of Brazil.	(iii) Dense network of railways have developed in the North-Indian Plains as compared to other parts of India.

In simple words: Brazil's railway system is less developed and mostly confined to a few regions, while India boasts a much denser and more crucial railway network, vital for both freight and passenger transport across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: For comparative questions, use a tabular format to clearly highlight the differences, providing specific details for each point.

Question 2.The longitudinal extent of India and Brazil
Answer:

The longitudinal extent of Brazil	The longitudinal extent of India
(i) Extreme westernmost point: Nascente do Rio Moa. (70°59′W)	(i) Extreme westernmost point : Ghuar Mota. (70°E)
(ii) Extreme easternmost point: Ponta do Seixas.(34°47′ W)	(ii) Extreme easternmost point: Kibithu. (97°E)
(iii) Time difference is 168 minutes approximately 2 hrs 48 minutes.	(iii) Time difference is 120 minutes on mainland i.e., approximately 2 hrs.
(iv) There is a vast time difference between the extreme most points of Brazil due to vast longitudinal extent.	(iv) There is comparatively less time difference between the extreme points of India.

In simple words: Brazil has a larger longitudinal extent leading to a greater time difference (168 minutes or 2 hours 48 minutes) between its extreme points, whereas India has a smaller longitudinal extent resulting in a 120-minute (2 hours) time difference.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing longitudinal extents, include the specific extreme points, their longitudes, and the resulting time differences for a complete answer.

Question 3.The density of roadways in Brazil and India.
Answer:

The density of roadways in Brazil	The density of roadways in India
(i) Roadways account for more than half of the transportation system in the country.	(i) As compared to Brazil, India has a denser network of transport. About 85% of passenger and 70% of freight traffic are carried by road every year.
(ii) Density of road network is high in the eastern part of the country.	(ii) Density of road network is high in the North Indian Plains in the northern part of India.

In simple words: India has a denser and more extensive road network, especially in the North Indian Plains, which handles a higher percentage of both passenger and freight traffic compared to Brazil, where roadways are prominent but concentrated mainly in the eastern parts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always contextualize density with geographical features (plains, mountains) and economic activity when discussing transport networks.

Question 1.Mark the following on an outline map of Brazil. Name the following:
1. The new capital city of Brazil.
2. Two cities that attract a lot of tourist.
3. A south-flowing river important for waterways.
4. The easternmost extreme point of mainland Brazil.
5. The westernmost extreme point part of mainland Brazil.
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह ब्राज़ील का एक रेखाचित्र मानचित्र है जिसमें देश की नई राजधानी (ब्रासीलिया), दो प्रमुख पर्यटक आकर्षण वाले शहर (साओ पाउलो, रियो डी जनेरियो), जलमार्गों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण एक दक्षिण-प्रवाही नदी (पराना नदी), ब्राज़ील का सबसे पूर्वी बिंदु (पोंटा डो सेइक्सस), और ब्राज़ील का सबसे पश्चिमी बिंदु (नासेंते डो रियो मोआ) चिह्नित किए गए हैं।
In simple words: The map identifies Brazil's capital Brasilia, tourist hubs like Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the Parana River important for waterways, and the extreme eastern (Ponta do Seixas) and western (Nascente do Rio Moa) points of the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to mark points on a map, ensure accuracy of placement and clearly label each point as per the question's requirements for full credit.

Question 2.Show the following on a given outline map of Brazil. Given index:
(A) Ports:
• Vitoria
• Manaus
(B) Airports:
• Brasilia
• Campo Grande
(C) Railway Junctions:
• Sao Paulo
• Rio de Janeiro
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह ब्राज़ील का एक रेखाचित्र मानचित्र है जिसमें प्रमुख बंदरगाह (विटोरिया, मनौस), हवाई अड्डे (ब्रासीलिया, कैंपो ग्रांडे), और रेलवे जंक्शन (साओ पाउलो, रियो डी जनेरियो) चिह्नित किए गए हैं। मानचित्र में इन परिवहन केंद्रों के स्थान को एक स्पष्ट सूचकांक के साथ दर्शाया गया है।
In simple words: The map of Brazil displays key transportation infrastructure, marking the locations of major ports (Vitoria, Manaus), airports (Brasilia, Campo Grande), and important railway junctions (Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro) using a clear index.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always include a clear and accurate index with distinct symbols when marking multiple types of features on a map to make it easily understandable.

Question 3.Show the following on a given outline map of India. Give index:
Given index:
(A) Ports:
• Chennai
• Porbandar
• Kochin
• Kandla
• Kolkata
(B) Airports :
• Bengaluru
• Delhi
• Pune
• Thiruvananthapuram
(C) Railway Junctions :
• Mumbai
• Itarsi
• Kota
• Nagpur
Answer:
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह भारत का एक रेखाचित्र मानचित्र है जिसमें प्रमुख बंदरगाह (चेन्नई, पोरबंदर, कोचीन, कांडला, कोलकाता), हवाई अड्डे (बेंगलुरु, दिल्ली, पुणे, तिरुवनंतपुरम), और रेलवे जंक्शन (मुंबई, इटारसी, कोटा, नागपुर) चिह्नित किए गए हैं। मानचित्र में इन महत्वपूर्ण परिवहन केंद्रों के स्थान को एक स्पष्ट सूचकांक के साथ दर्शाया गया है।
In simple words: This map of India pinpoints major ports such as Chennai, Porbandar, Kochin, Kandla, and Kolkata; significant airports including Bengaluru, Delhi, Pune, and Thiruvananthapuram; and key railway junctions like Mumbai, Itarsi, Kota, and Nagpur, all indicated with a clear legend.

🎯 Exam Tip: For map-based questions, practice locating major cities, ports, airports, and railway junctions to ensure precise and accurate markings.

 

Question 1. India's contribution of tourism to its GDP appears lesser than Brazil and population engaged seems higher.
Answer:
(i) The number of international tourists visiting India in 2015 was more than that of Brazil.
(ii) Even though this is true, the share of tourism sector in the GDP is less than that of Brazil.
(iii) Apart from this, the proportion of Indian population engaged in tourism is higher than that of Brazil.
(iv) This is primarily dependent on the size of the population of those countries and the size of the GDP.
(v) According to the data available, the population of India is more than Brazil and so is its GDP.
(vi) As the GDP of India is higher than Brazil's GDP to GDP appears lesser than Brazil's and population engaged seems higher.
In simple words: Although India attracts more tourists than Brazil, its tourism sector contributes less to GDP because of India's larger population and overall GDP, making the per capita contribution appear smaller.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on understanding the relationship between population, GDP, and tourism's economic contribution for comparative analysis questions.

 

Question 2. Railways are important for the growth of the Indian economy.
Answer:
(i) Railways are very important for a vast country like India where the distance between places is long.
(ii) Freight and passenger transport have been facilitated due to the development of the railways.
(iii) The more the facilities available for passenger transport and freight transport, the more growth in the economy.
Thus, the railways are very important for the Indian economy's growth.
In simple words: Railways are crucial for India's economic growth by enabling efficient long-distance transport of both goods and people, which directly supports trade and boosts the economy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing economic importance, link transportation directly to trade, mobility, and overall national development.

 

Question 3. Brazil's time is not ahead of India's time.
Answer:
(i) The GMT i.e, Greenwich Mean Time, divides the globe into eastern and western hemisphere.
(ii) India lies to the east of GMT and Brazil lies to the West of GMT.
(iii) Places lying to the east of GMT, are ahead of time and places lying to the west of GMT (like Brazil) are behind time.
In simple words: Brazil is located west of the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) meridian, while India is located east of GMT, meaning India's time is ahead of GMT, and therefore ahead of Brazil's time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the geographical positioning relative to GMT: East is ahead, West is behind. This helps in time zone comparisons.

 

Question 4. The future of tourism is bright in India.
Answer:
(i) India is rich in natural beauty that includes mountains, forests, plateaus, plains, islands, coastal areas, beaches, etc.
(ii) India also has a rich heritage and a huge variety of cultural and historical attractions.
(iii) In recent years new forms of tourism have been developed in India like Eco tourism, Agro tourism, Medical tourism, Film tourism, etc.
(iv) Also infrastructural facilities, branding and marketing initiatives have helped to promote Indian tourism.
So the future of tourism is bright in India.
In simple words: India's diverse natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and growing focus on specialized tourism (like eco-tourism and medical tourism), coupled with improved infrastructure and marketing, ensure a promising future for its tourism sector.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "future of" questions, always list both natural/cultural advantages and strategic development efforts (infrastructure, promotion, new tourism types).

 

Question 5. Tourism is an invisible trade.
Answer:
(i) Tourism belongs to the service sector as various services are provided to the tourists.
(ii) For e.g., hotels, lodges, transport, food, entertainment, etc.
(iii) Tourism increase the GDP of economy without exchange of goods.
Thus, tourism is an invisible trade.
In simple words: Tourism is an "invisible trade" because it primarily involves the exchange of services (like hospitality, transport, and entertainment) rather than physical goods, contributing to the economy without tangible product transfers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clarify "invisible trade" by listing service examples and highlighting the absence of physical goods exchange, linking it to GDP contribution.

 

Question 6. he indicator of development in a country is the development of transport in that country.
Answer:
(i) Transportation facilitates trade and creates employment opportunities.
(ii) With the development of transport there is socio-economic and cultural development of the country.
Hence it is an indicator of development in a country.
In simple words: A country's transportation development is a key indicator of its overall progress, as it boosts trade, generates employment, and fosters socio-economic and cultural advancement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the direct links between transport development and broader societal progress, including economic, social, and cultural aspects.

10th Std Geography Questions And Answers:

• Field Visit Class 10 Geography Questions And Answers
• Location and Extent Class 10 Geography Questions And Answers
• Physiography and Drainage Class 10 Geography Questions And Answers
• Climate Class 10 Geography Questions And Answers
• Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Class 10 Geography Questions And Answers
• Population Class 10 Geography Questions And Answers
• Human Settlements Class 10 Geography Questions And Answers
• Economy and Occupations Class 10 Geography Questions And Answers
• Tourism, Transport and Communication Class 10 Geography Questions And Answers