Maharashtra Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Population PDF Download

Population

Population is an important resource of any country. The qualitative aspects of a population are important for a nation's economic and social progress. Let us study the population of Brazil and India.

India

Study the maps in fig 6.1 a and 6.1 b and answer the questions.

States with highest population density

States with lowest population density

On the basis of the maps given above, classify the distribution population in India in the following table.

Correlate the climate and physiography of India with its population distribution and write a note on it

Geographical Explanation

India's population is around 121 crores according to Census 2011. India is the second most populous country in the world. India occupies only 2.41 per cent of the land area of the world whereas it supports 17.5 % of the world's population. India's average population density is 382 persons per sq.km. as per 2011 Census.

In India, population is very unevenly distributed. Physiography, climate and play an important role in the distribution of population. Due to the fertile land, plain land and availability of water, human settlements have been established in these parts for many centuries. Due to farming, industries and trade, the proportion of the population got concentrated in few places. For example, the northern plains of the country, Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore, Chennai, etc. On the contrary, in mountainous hilly regions, dry desert areas, dense forest areas, density is sparse because of inaccessibility, absence of facilities and tough life.

Teacher's Note

Population means all the people living in a country. In India, more people live in plains like the Ganges plains because the land is flat and good for farming. In cities like Mumbai, many people live together.

Exam Trick

Remember: Population density = number of people in one square kilometer. High density means many people live close together. Low density means few people live spread out over large areas.

Points to Remember

India has 121 crores people and is the second most populous country in the world.

Population is not spread equally in India. Some areas have many people and some areas have very few people.

Flat land with good water and fertile soil has more people living in it.

Mountains, deserts, and thick forests have very few people because it is hard to live there.

The average population density of India is 382 persons per square kilometer.

Brazil

Observe figures 6.2 a and 6.2 b and answer the questions.

In which area is population great concentrated?

In which area is the distribution of population sparse?

Prepare a note on factors responsible for the uneven distribution of population based on study of Brazil you have made so far.

Identify the type of map showing distribution.

Geographical Explanation

Brazil is the most populated country in the South American continent. With a population of around 19 crores, according to Census 2010, it ranks 5th in the world. It is also the fifth in the world with respect to area. Brazil occupies 5.6 % of world's total land and has 2.78% of world's total population. Therefore, the density of population is around 23 persons per sq.km.

The distribution of population is very uneven in Brazil. The majority of Brazilians have concentrated within 300 kilometers of the eastern coastal areas also called the coastal lowlands. Therefore, agriculture and industries have flourished well here. As a result, higher density of population is found here. On the other hand, the interior in the Amazon Basin is very sparsely populated. Unfavorable climate, heavy rainfall, accessibility and dense forests are the barriers to development of human settlements here. Therefore, settlements occur only in few places in the Amazon basin.

The central and western part of Brazil is less populated. The density of population in the highlands of Brazil is moderate.

Teacher's Note

Brazil is a big country in South America. Most people in Brazil live near the coast where the weather is nice and there are big cities. The Amazon forest inside Brazil is very thick and wet, so very few people live there.

Exam Trick

Remember: Brazil has very low population density (23 per sq km) but India has high population density (382 per sq km). This is because India is smaller but has more people packed together.

Points to Remember

Brazil has 19 crores people and is the fifth most populous country in the world.

Most people in Brazil live on the east coast near the ocean where it is easier to live and work.

The Amazon forest in the middle of Brazil is very thick with trees and rain, so very few people can live there.

Brazil's population density is only 23 people per square kilometer, which is much less than India.

The central and western parts of Brazil are less populated than the coastal areas.

Population Composition: Sex Ratio

What is sex ratio?

Sex ratio means the number of females per 1000 males in region.

What does this graph show?

This graph shows the sex ratio of Brazil and India.

It is evident from the graph that the number of women in Brazil have always been more than men while in India they have never been more than men.

Geographical Explanation

With reference to both the countries, the characteristics of population are prominently notable.

The sex ratio of Brazil has been more than 1000 since decades.

Considering the sex ratio of Brazil, the number of women have considerably increased than men since 2001.

In India men outnumber women.

In India we see fluctuations in the sex ratio since few decades. There has been a slight increase in the sex ratio after 1991.

What could be the reasons of lower sex ratio in any region?

In India, number of men outnumber women. Is this condition found in all the States of India? Find out!

Always remember - 'Save Girl, Teach Girl' is the need of the hour in our country.

Teacher's Note

Sex ratio tells us how many girls are born compared to boys. In Brazil, there are more girls than boys. But in India, there are more boys than girls, which is a problem we need to fix.

Exam Trick

Remember: Sex ratio = number of females per 1000 males. If sex ratio is 950, it means there are 950 girls for every 1000 boys. Higher sex ratio means more girls, which is good.

Points to Remember

Brazil has more women than men, but India has more men than women.

Sex ratio is the number of females for every 1000 males in a place.

In India, the sex ratio has gone up a little bit after 1991, which is good.

A low sex ratio means there are fewer girls born, which is not good for the country.

We should work to improve the sex ratio in India by treating girls well and giving them good education.

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