Maharashtra Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Location and Extent Solutions

Are the Sentences Right or Wrong? Rewrite the Wrong Ones

 

Question a. Brazil is mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere.
Answer: Right. This geographical positioning influences its seasonal patterns throughout the year.
In simple words: Most of Brazil lies below the equator, which means it is located in the Southern Hemisphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always read the statement carefully and state clearly whether it is 'Right' or 'Wrong' before rewriting any incorrect statements.

 

Question b. Tropic of Capricorn passes through the middle of India.
Answer: Wrong. Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of India. This latitude divides the country into almost two equal halves.
In simple words: The Tropic of Capricorn does not pass through India; instead, it is the Tropic of Cancer that cuts right through the middle of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that India lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, so only the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N) passes through it, not the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S).

 

Question c. The longitudinal extent of Brazil is less than India.
Answer: Wrong. The longitudinal extent of Brazil is more than India. Brazil has a vast east-west spread spanning across four different time zones.
In simple words: Brazil is wider from east to west than India, meaning it has a larger longitudinal extent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always compare the shapes of both countries on the map; Brazil's massive east-west stretch gives it a much larger longitudinal extent than India.

 

Question d. Equator passes through the northern part of Brazil.
Answer: Right. The Equator passes through the northern part of Brazil, specifically crossing the mouth of the Amazon River.
In simple words: Yes, the Equator line goes right through the northern region of Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state 'Right' or 'Wrong' first before writing any supporting statement to secure full marks.

 

Question e. Brazil has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean.
Answer: Wrong. Brazil has a coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. It borders the North Atlantic Ocean on the north and the South Atlantic Ocean on the east.
In simple words: Brazil lies on the eastern side of South America, so its coast touches the Atlantic Ocean, not the Pacific Ocean.

🎯 Exam Tip: Map-based questions are highly scoring. Remember that South America's eastern coast is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, where Brazil is located.

 

Question f. Pakistan is a neighbouring country to the south east of India.
Answer: Wrong. Pakistan is a neighbouring country to the north west of India.
In simple words: Pakistan is located to the northwest of India, not the southeast.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice the directions of all neighbouring countries of India (like Pakistan in the northwest, China/Nepal in the north, and Bangladesh/Myanmar in the east) to avoid confusion.

 

Question g. The southern part of India is called Peninsula.
Answer: Right. The southern part of India is surrounded by water on three sides (the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean), making it a peninsula.
In simple words: The southern half of India is called a peninsula because it is surrounded by water on three sides.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define what a peninsula is (land surrounded by water on three sides) if asked to justify this statement in detail.

2. Answer in brief:

 

Question a. What problems did Brazil and India face after independence?
Answer: Both India and Brazil faced several major challenges after gaining independence:
1. India faced three wars, severe famine situations in various parts of the country, and major financial difficulties.
2. Brazil faced global financial difficulties and went through a long period of military rule for more than three decades.
Despite these initial struggles, both nations have successfully established themselves as major global economies today.
In simple words: After independence, India struggled with wars, food shortages, and money problems, while Brazil faced financial crises and was ruled by the military for a long time.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the points clearly for both India and Brazil separately to make your answer easy for the examiner to read and grade.

Question a. What problems did India and Brazil face post-independence?
Answer:
(i) India was under the British rule for almost one-and-a-half centuries and it got its independence in the year 1947.
(ii) It faced several problems like three wars, famine situations in various parts and similar issues after independence.
(iii) Brazil gained its independence in 1822 after more than three centuries of Portuguese rule.
(iv) From 1930 to 1985, for more than a half century, it was under a populist military government and it faced global financial difficulties in the late 20th century.
Thus, both India and Brazil faced many problems post-independence. They both worked hard to overcome these challenges and establish stable democracies.
In simple words: After getting freedom, both India and Brazil had a tough time. India struggled with wars and food shortages, while Brazil had to deal with military rule and financial problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the colonial rulers (British for India, Portuguese for Brazil) and at least two specific challenges faced by each country to score full marks.

 

Question b. How are Brazil and India different from each other in terms of location?
Answer:
(i) India is located in the northern hemisphere of the earth whereas some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere and most of it lies in the southern hemisphere.
(ii) India entirely lies in the eastern hemisphere whereas, Brazil lies in the western hemisphere.
(iii) India lies in the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the continent of South America.
(iv) India lies in the southern part of the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the northern part of South American continent. Understanding these differences helps us appreciate their unique geographical settings.
In simple words: India is in the Eastern and Northern hemispheres, located in Asia. Brazil is mostly in the Southern and Western hemispheres, located in South America.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use comparative words like 'whereas' or 'while' to clearly contrast the hemispheric and continental locations of both countries.

 

Question c. Describe the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India and Brazil.
Answer:
(i) The extent of the mainland India is 8°4'N to 37°6'N latitudes and between 68°7'E to 97°25'E longitudes.
(ii) Indira Point is the southernmost tip of India.
(iii) It is located on 6°45'N parallel.
(iv) The extent of the mainland Brazil is 5°15'N to 33°45' S latitudes and between 34°47'W to 73°48'W longitude. These coordinates define the exact boundaries of both nations on the global map.
In simple words: This shows where India and Brazil are located on the world map using latitude and longitude lines. India is in the north-east, while Brazil stretches across the equator into the south-west.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be very precise with the degree and minute symbols (° and ') and the direction letters (N, S, E, W) as examiners look for exact values.

 

Question a. India's southernmost point is known as ________.
(a) Lakshadweep
(b) Kanyakumari
(c) Indira Point
(d) Port Blair
Answer: (c) Indira Point
In simple words: Indira Point is the absolute lowest tip of Indian territory, located in the Nicobar Islands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that while Kanyakumari is the southernmost point of the Indian mainland, Indira Point is the southernmost point of the entire Indian union.

 

Question b. These two countries in South America do not share their border with Brazil?
(a) Chile - Ecuador
(b) Argentina - Bolivia
(c) Columbia - French Guiana
(d) Surinam - Uruguay
Answer: (a) Chile - Ecuador
In simple words: Out of all the countries in South America, only Chile and Ecuador do not touch the borders of Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Brazil is massive and shares borders with almost every South American nation except for Chile and Ecuador. Remembering these two exceptions is a common exam question.

 

Question c. Both the countries have ________ type of government.
(a) Military
(b) Republic
(c) Communist
(d) Presidential
Answer: (b) Republic
In simple words: Both India and Brazil have a republican form of government, meaning their leaders are elected by the citizens.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the shared political characteristics of India and Brazil, as both are democratic republics with elected heads of state.

 

Question d. Which of the following shapes show the coastal part of Brazil correctly?
(a) Shape (i)
(b) Shape (ii)
(c) Shape (iii)
(d) Shape (iv)
Answer: (a) Shape (i)
In simple words: Shape (i) correctly represents the triangular, outward-pointing shape of Brazil's eastern coastline along the Atlantic Ocean.

🎯 Exam Tip: Study the map outline of Brazil carefully, especially the eastern projection into the Atlantic Ocean, to easily identify its coastal shape in diagrams.

 

Question e. Which of the following shapes show the coastal part of India Correctly?
(a) Shape (i)
(b) Shape (ii)
(c) Shape (iii)
(d) Shape (iv)
Answer: (c) Shape (iii)
In simple words: Shape (iii) points downwards like a V-shape, which matches the actual triangular shape of the southern peninsula and coastline of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that India's southern peninsula tapers towards the Indian Ocean, forming a downward-pointing V-shape on the map.

 

Question f. Considering hemisphere, which shape correctly represents the hemisphere in which India lies?
(a) Shape (i)
(b) Shape (ii)
(c) Shape (iii)
(d) Shape (iv)
Answer: (c) Shape (iii)
In simple words: India is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, which is represented by the top half of the globe with 'N' at the top.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always look for the 'N' label at the top of the hemisphere to correctly identify the Northern Hemisphere where India is situated.

 

Question g. Considering the hemisphere, which correctly represents the hemisphere in which Brazil mainly lies?
(a) Shape (i)
(b) Shape (ii)
(c) Shape (iii)
(d) Shape (iv)
Answer: (b) Shape (ii)
In simple words: Most of Brazil lies in the Southern Hemisphere, which is represented by the bottom half of the globe with 'S' at the bottom.

🎯 Exam Tip: While the equator passes through northern Brazil, the vast majority of its landmass lies in the Southern Hemisphere, represented by the downward-facing half-circle.

Colours Of Both

Answer The Following Questions With Respect To The Countries That You Have Studied.

 

Question 1. Out of the countries that you have coloured, which country is larger in size?
Answer: Brazil is larger in size. It occupies a vast area of South America, making it the fifth-largest country in the world by both area and population.
In simple words: Brazil is bigger in size than India. It is one of the largest countries in the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world, while India ranks seventh in terms of geographical area.

 

Question 2. Which country has a larger latitudinal extent?
Answer: Brazil has a larger latitudinal extent. This wide range of latitude gives Brazil a highly diverse set of climatic zones, ranging from equatorial to temperate.
In simple words: Brazil stretches further from north to south than India does. This means it covers more lines of latitude.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always mention that Brazil's vast north-to-south stretch gives it a larger latitudinal extent compared to India.

 

Question 3. How do the locations of Brazil and India differ in terms of their positions in their respective continents?
Answer: Brazil lies in the northern part of the continent of South America, whereas India lies in the southern part of the continent of Asia. This distinct positioning influences their respective trade routes and regional geopolitical relations.
In simple words: Brazil is located in the northern section of South America. On the other hand, India is located in the southern section of Asia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly name both continents (South America and Asia) and their respective directions (northern and southern) to secure full marks.

 

Question 4. How many states does each of the two countries have?
Answer: Brazil has 26 states and one federal district. India has 28 states and 8 union territories. These administrative divisions help both nations manage their large populations and diverse regions effectively.
In simple words: Brazil is divided into 26 states and 1 federal district. India is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not forget to mention the federal district for Brazil and the union territories for India, as these are crucial parts of their administrative divisions.

 

Question 5. Obtain information regarding the emblems of both the countries, i.e. India and Brazil.
Answer:
India: The national emblem of India is an adaptation of the Lion capital of Ashoka at Sarnath. The emblem has three lions visible, the fourth being hidden from the view. It also features the motto 'Satyameva Jayate' written in Devanagari script, meaning 'Truth Alone Triumphs'.

Brazil: The national emblem of Brazil features a central coat of arms surrounded by branches of coffee and tobacco, which were its main agricultural crops. It displays a blue circle with five stars representing the Southern Cross constellation, surrounded by 27 stars representing Brazil's states and federal district.
In simple words: India's emblem is based on the ancient Lion Capital of Ashoka, showing lions and the motto of truth. Brazil's emblem features stars representing its states and the Southern Cross constellation, framed by coffee and tobacco branches.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the key visual elements of both emblems, such as the Lion Capital for India and the Southern Cross constellation for Brazil.

The four lions symbolise power, courage, confidence and pride. At the bottom is a horse and a bull, and its centre is a wheel (Dharma Chakra). Forming an integral part of the emblem is the motto inscribed in Devanagari Script: Satyameva Jayate (Truth Alone Triumphs)

Brazil

The national emblem of Brazil is coat of arms shows the Southern cross in a blue circle. The ring of 27 stars around it represents Brazil’s 26 states and the Federal District. The whole is placed on a star and surrounded by coffee (at the left) and tobacco (at the right), which are the important crops in Brazil. The blue ribbon contains the official name of Brazil (Republica Federativa Do Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil) in the first line. In the second, the date of the federative republic’s establishment (November 15, 1889) is written.

Give It A Try

 

Question 1. The imperial power which ruled Brazil also ruled a part of India. Find out when that part of India achieved independence?
Answer: In India, Goa, Diu and Daman, Dadra and Nagar Haveli were under Portuguese rule. These regions got independence on 19th December 1961. Portuguese rule ended in these territories, making them a part of the Indian Union.
In simple words: Portugal ruled both Brazil and some parts of India like Goa. These Indian regions became free from Portuguese rule on December 19, 1961.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to mention the specific regions like Goa, Diu, and Daman along with the exact date, 19th December 1961, to secure full marks.

Match The Column

 

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’

Question 1. Match the columns:

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
(1) Dance form of Brazil	(a) Brazil
(2) Capital of India	(b) Samba
(3) Capital of Brazil	(c) New Delhi
(4) Coffee pot of world	(d) Brasilia
	(e) Bangladesh
	(f) Myanmar

Answer:
(1) Dance form of Brazil — (b) Samba
(2) Capital of India — (c) New Delhi
(3) Capital of Brazil — (d) Brasilia
(4) Coffee pot of world — (a) Brazil
In simple words: This exercise helps us pair important facts about India and Brazil, like their capitals, famous dances, and nicknames, with their correct names.

🎯 Exam Tip: Double-check the capital cities of both countries as they are frequently asked in exams.

 

Question 2. Match the columns:

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
(1) Country to the south of Brazil	(a) China
(2) Sea to the west of India	(b) Uruguay
(3) Second largest populated country	(c) Arabian sea
(4) Coffee pot of the world Imperial power ruled Brazil	(d) India
	(e) Portuguese
	(f) Japan

Answer:
(1) Country to the south of Brazil — (b) Uruguay
(2) Sea to the west of India — (c) Arabian sea
(3) Second largest populated country — (d) India
(4) Coffee pot of the world Imperial power ruled Brazil — (e) Portuguese
In simple words: This matches geographical features and historical facts, such as India's neighboring seas and Brazil's colonial history, to their correct terms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Portugal was the imperial power that ruled and colonized Brazil for over three centuries.

Answer the Following Questions in One Sentence:

 

Question 1. Which is the second largest populated country in the world?
Answer: India is the second-largest populated country in the world. It is located in Southern Asia.
In simple words: India has the second highest number of people living in it compared to any other country in the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to spell "second-largest" correctly and state the country name clearly.

 

Question 2. Which country is called the ‘coffee pot’ of the world?
Answer: Brazil is called the coffee pot of the world. This is because it produces a massive amount of coffee every year.
In simple words: Brazil is called the coffee pot because it grows and sells more coffee than any other country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Brazil is the leading producer of coffee globally, which is why it earned this nickname.

 

Question 3. Which dance form is famous in Brazil?
Answer: Samba is the famous dance form of Brazil. It is known worldwide for its energetic rhythm and colorful costumes.
In simple words: Samba is a very popular and lively dance style that originated in Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always capitalize the first letter of 'Samba' since it is a proper noun.

 

Question 4. Name the capital of India?
Answer: The capital of India is New Delhi. It serves as the seat of all three branches of the government of India.
In simple words: New Delhi is the official capital city where the Indian government is located.

🎯 Exam Tip: Make sure to write 'New Delhi' with capital letters for both words.

 

Question 5. When did India gain Independence?
Answer: India got independence on 15th August 1947. This marked the end of British rule in the nation.
In simple words: India became a free country on August 15, 1947.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always include the full date (15th August 1947) rather than just the year to secure complete marks.

 

Question 6. When did Brazil gain independence?
Answer: Brazil gained independence on 7th September 1822. This historic event declared its freedom from Portuguese rule.
In simple words: Brazil became a free country on September 7, 1822.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the year 1822 for Brazil's independence to avoid confusing it with India's independence year.

Question 6. When did Brazil gain its independence?
Answer: Brazil gained its independence on 7th September 1822. This historic event marked the end of Portuguese colonial rule in the country.
In simple words: Brazil became a free country on September 7, 1822. Before this, it was ruled by Portugal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the exact date, 7th September 1822, as it is a frequently asked direct question in exams.

 

Question 7. Which countries are located to the north of Brazil?
Answer: Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are situated to the north of Brazil. These neighboring nations share a tropical border with the northern region of the country.
In simple words: The countries on the northern side of Brazil are Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use a map to visualize Brazil's northern borders to easily recall these four countries.

 

Question 8. Which countries are located to the west of Brazil?
Answer: Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina are situated to the west of Brazil. This extensive western border spans across diverse geographical landscapes including the Andes and the Amazon.
In simple words: To the west of Brazil, you can find Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina.

🎯 Exam Tip: Group these countries mentally as Brazil's western neighbors to avoid confusing them with northern or southern neighbors.

 

Question 9. Which country is situated to the south of Brazil?
Answer: Uruguay is situated to the south of Brazil. It is the only country that shares Brazil's southern land boundary.
In simple words: Uruguay is the country located directly to the south of Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Uruguay is the sole southern neighbor of Brazil, making it very easy to remember for map-pointing questions.

 

Question 10. Which ocean lies to the east of Brazil?
Answer: The North and South Atlantic Ocean lies to the east of Brazil. This vast coastline plays a crucial role in the country's trade and climate.
In simple words: The Atlantic Ocean is located on the eastern side of Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always specify both the North and South Atlantic Ocean to show a complete geographical understanding.

 

Question 11. Which countries are situated to the east of India?
Answer: Myanmar and Bangladesh are situated to the east of India. These countries share close cultural and historical ties with India's eastern states.
In simple words: Myanmar and Bangladesh are the neighboring countries located on the eastern side of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Bangladesh is almost surrounded by India, which helps in remembering its eastern position.

 

Question 12. Which countries are situated to the north of India?
Answer: China, Bhutan and Nepal are situated to the north of India. The majestic Himalayan mountain range acts as a natural boundary between India and these northern neighbors.
In simple words: The countries located to the north of India are China, Bhutan, and Nepal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of the Himalayas to easily remember that China, Nepal, and Bhutan lie to the north of India.

 

Question 13. Which sea lies to the west of India?
Answer: Arabian sea lies to the west of India. This sea has been an important trade route connecting India to other regions since ancient times.
In simple words: The Arabian Sea is located on the western side of India. It is a very important body of water for trade and travel.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the Arabian Sea is on the west (left side of the map) and the Bay of Bengal is on the east (right side).

 

Question 14. Which countries lie to the south of India?
Answer: Srilanka, Maldives and Indonesia lie to the south of India. These neighboring island nations share maritime boundaries with India.
In simple words: Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Indonesia are the island countries located to the south of India. They are India's ocean neighbors.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing southern neighbors, make sure to include island nations like Sri Lanka and Maldives, as they are closest to India's southern coast.

 

Question 15. What is the location of the southernmost tip of India?
Answer: The location of the southernmost tip of India (Indira Point) is 6°45′ N parallel. This point is located in the Nicobar Islands of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago.
In simple words: The very bottom point of India is called Indira Point. It is located far out in the ocean on the Nicobar Islands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse the southernmost tip of the Indian mainland (Kanyakumari) with the southernmost tip of the entire Indian territory (Indira Point).

 

Question 16. According to the equator, in which hemisphere is Brazil located?
Answer: Some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere, while most of it lies in the southern hemisphere. The equator passes through the northern part of the country, dividing it this way.
In simple words: The equator cuts through the top of Brazil. This means a tiny part of Brazil is in the north, but almost all of it is in the south.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state that Brazil lies in both hemispheres, but emphasize that the majority of its landmass is in the southern hemisphere.

 

Question 17. In which hemispheres is India located?
Answer: India is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres. This strategic location places India at the head of the Indian Ocean, connecting major trade routes.
In simple words: India is entirely in the top half (northern) and the right half (eastern) of the Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always mention both hemispheres (Northern and Eastern) to get full marks for India's hemispheric location.

 

Question 18. What type of government does Brazil have today?
Answer: Today, Brazil has Federal Presidential Republic type of government. Under this system, the President serves as both the head of state and the head of government.
In simple words: Brazil is run by a President who is elected by the people, and the country is divided into states that share power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the exact term "Federal Presidential Republic" to describe Brazil's government structure.

 

Question 19. What type of government does India have today?
Answer: Today, India has Federal Parliamentary Republic type of government. In this system, the Prime Minister is the head of government, while the President is the ceremonial head of state.
In simple words: India has a government where power is shared between the central government and states, and the country is run by a Prime Minister and Parliament.

🎯 Exam Tip: Make sure to write "Federal Parliamentary Republic" and do not confuse it with Brazil's presidential system.

 

Question 20. Where does the name Brazil come from?
Answer: The name Brazil comes from ‘Pau Brasil’, a local wooded tree. This tree was highly valued for its red dye.
In simple words: Brazil got its name from a local tree called 'Pau Brasil' which was famous for its reddish wood.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to mention 'Pau Brasil' and specify that it is a local wooded tree to get full marks.

 

Question 21. Who established the early settlement in Brazil?
Answer: The Portuguese settlers established the early settlement in Brazil. They arrived in the early sixteenth century and began colonizing the coastal regions.
In simple words: People from Portugal were the first Europeans to settle and build towns in Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state 'Portuguese settlers' as they were the key colonizers of Brazil.

 

Question 22. Distinguish between: Location of India and Brazil
Answer: The geographical locations of India and Brazil differ significantly across hemispheres and continents.

India	Brazil
(i) India is located at \( 8^\circ 4'\text{N} \) to \( 37^\circ 6'\text{N} \) latitude and between \( 68^\circ 7'\text{E} \) to \( 97^\circ 25'\text{E} \) longitudes.	(i) Brazil is located at \( 5^\circ 15'\text{N} \) to \( 33^\circ 45'\text{S} \) latitudes and between \( 34^\circ 47'\text{W} \) to \( 73^\circ 48'\text{W} \).
(ii) It is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres.	(ii) Some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere, while most of it lies in the southern hemisphere. Brazil also lies in the western hemisphere.
(iii) India is located in the southern part of the Asian continent.	(iii) Brazil is located in the northern part of South American continent.

In simple words: India is completely in the northern and eastern parts of the world (Asia), while Brazil is mostly in the southern and western parts (South America).

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing latitudinal and longitudinal values, double-check the directions (N, S, E, W) to avoid losing marks.

 

Question 23. Find the difference between the post-independence characteristics of India and Brazil.
Answer: Both nations had distinct political journeys after gaining freedom from colonial rule.

Brazil	India
(i) Brazil gained its independence in 1822. From 1930 to 1985, for more than	(i) India got its independence in the year 1947. It has Federal Parliamentary

In simple words: Brazil became independent in 1822 and faced military rule later, whereas India became independent in 1947 and established a parliamentary democracy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the exact years of independence (1822 for Brazil and 1947 for India) to clearly highlight the historical timeline difference.

Brazil	India
half a century, it was under a populist military government. Presently, Brazil has Federal Presidential Republic type of government	Republic type of government.
(ii) The proportion of older people that is non – working population is high.	(ii) The proportion of youth, i.e. working population is high.
(iii) It has overcome global financial difficulties in the late 20th century	(iii) It has faced several problems like three wars, famine situations in various parts and similar issues after independence.
(iv) Sex ratio and literacy rate is high in Brazil.	(iv) Sex ratio and literacy rate is low in India.

 

Observe the Map and Answer the Following Questions

 

Question 1. Identify the countries and water bodies around India and complete the following table.

 

Question 1. Study the political map of India and list the neighbouring countries and oceans in each direction.
Answer:

No.	Directions	Neighbouring Countries/ Oceans
1	To the North	China, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan
2	To the East	Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bay of Bengal
3	To the South	Sri Lanka, Maldives, Indian Ocean
4	To the West	Pakistan, Arabian Sea

In simple words: India is surrounded by different land neighbours and water bodies: China, Nepal, and Bhutan lie to the north; Pakistan and the Arabian Sea are to the west; Bangladesh, Myanmar, and the Bay of Bengal are to the east; and Sri Lanka and the Indian Ocean are located to the south.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score full marks, clearly distinguish between land neighbours (like Nepal and Bhutan) and water bodies (like the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal) for each direction.

p>Question 1. Identify India's neighbouring countries and oceans. Complete the table.

Sr. No.	Direction	Neighbouring Countries / Oceans / Seas
(1)	North	China, Bhutan, Nepal
(2)	South	Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Indonesia
(3)	East	Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bay of Bengal
(4)	West	Arabian Sea, Pakistan, Afghanistan

Answer: The completed table above correctly identifies India's neighbouring countries, seas, and oceans in all four major directions. These geographical boundaries play a crucial role in India's international relations and trade routes.
In simple words: This table shows which countries and water bodies are located to the north, south, east, and west of India. For example, China is to the north, while the Indian Ocean is to the south.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize at least two neighbouring countries for each direction to easily score full marks in map-based table questions.

 

Question 2. Identify Brazil's neighbouring countries and oceans. Complete the following table.
(a) To the North
(b) To the South
Answer:
(a) To the North: French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, and the North Atlantic Ocean.
(b) To the South: Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay. Understanding these boundaries helps us appreciate Brazil's massive size and its central position in the South American continent.
In simple words: By looking at the map of Brazil, we can see that countries like Venezuela and the North Atlantic Ocean lie to its north, while countries like Uruguay and Argentina lie to its south.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying northern neighbours of Brazil, remember to include the North Atlantic Ocean as it forms a major part of its northern boundary.

 

Question 2. Identify the neighbouring countries and oceans of Brazil in the following directions:
(a) To the North
(b) To the South
(c) To the East
(d) To the West
Answer:

No.	Directions	Neighbouring Countries	Oceans
(1)	North	Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana	North Atlantic Ocean
(2)	South	Uruguay	South Atlantic Ocean
(3)	East	-	South Atlantic Ocean
(4)	West	Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Colombia, Argentina	-

In simple words: This table shows which countries and oceans lie next to Brazil in all four directions, like Uruguay to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the neighboring countries of Brazil by grouping them by direction to easily fill out map-based or tabular questions in exams.

 

Question 3. Show the following on an outline of the world map.
(a) Name all the continents and oceans of the world.
(b) Colour Brazil and India using different colours and name them.
(c) Draw equator on the map and write its value in degrees.
(d) Show the symbol for direction.
Answer: To complete this map activity, locate and label the seven continents (Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America, Australia, Antarctica) and five oceans (Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic). Use two distinct colors to shade India and Brazil, clearly writing their names next to them. Draw a straight horizontal line across the middle of the map to represent the Equator and label it as \( 0^\circ \). Finally, draw a compass rose or a simple arrow pointing upwards labeled 'N' in the top-right corner to show the direction. This visual representation helps in understanding global geography and spatial relationships.
In simple words: On a world map, write down the names of all continents and oceans, color India and Brazil differently, draw the Equator line at 0 degrees, and add a North arrow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use a sharp pencil for drawing the Equator line and write the degree value \( 0^\circ \) clearly to avoid losing marks.

Question. Show India and Brazil on the outline map of the world.
Answer:
The map highlights the following geographical features:

• Countries: India, Brazil
• Continents: North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, Antarctica
• Oceans: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean
• Lines of Latitude: Equator (0°), Tropic of Cancer (23°30' N), Tropic of Capricorn (23°30' S)

In simple words: This map shows where India and Brazil are located on the world map, along with the main continents and oceans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always label the Equator (0°) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23°30' S) accurately when marking Brazil on a world map to show its latitudinal position.

 

Give Geographical Reasons:

 

Question 1. Brazil is called the ‘coffee pot of the world’.
Answer:
(i) Brazil ranks first in the world in the terms of production of coffee.
(ii) It produces nearly 40% of the total coffee production in the world.
(iii) It is the largest exporter of coffee.
Therefore, Brazil is called the ‘coffee pot of the world’. This massive production has historically shaped the global coffee market.
In simple words: Brazil grows and sells more coffee than any other country, producing nearly half of the world's total coffee, which is why it gets this special nickname.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning the specific percentage (nearly 40%) of global coffee production is a key detail that examiners look for to award full marks.

 

Question 2. Brazil is known as the country having third longest land border.
Answer:
(i) Brazil has an exceptionally long land border stretching over 16,885 kilometers.
(ii) It shares its borders with ten neighboring countries, covering almost every nation in South America except Ecuador and Chile.
(iii) Due to this vast territorial span and extensive boundaries, it is recognized globally as having the third longest land border after China and Russia.
In simple words: Brazil is so huge that its land border touches almost every country in South America, making its total border length the third longest in the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to mention that Brazil shares borders with all South American countries except Ecuador and Chile to make your answer highly precise.

 

Question 3. India is looked upon as a young country.
Answer:
(i) The proportion of youth in India’s population is high.
(ii) This forms a major part of the working population.
(iii) According to 2011 census the percentage of working population is more than 50 %.
(iv) Hence, India is looked upon as a young country. This large share of young people gives India a great demographic advantage for economic growth.
In simple words: India has a very large number of young people who are able to work. Because more than half of its population is in the working-age group, it is called a young country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the 2011 census and the "more than 50%" statistic to secure full marks for this reason-based question.

 

Question 4. India’s economic development has paced up. OR India is considered as a major global market.
Answer:
(i) Despite facing several problems after independence, today India is a major developing country of the world.
(ii) It is because of various reforms from time to time, that India’s economic development has paced up.
(iii) So, it is considered to be a global market. These continuous economic reforms have attracted global investments and boosted trade.
In simple words: Even though India faced many challenges after getting independence, regular economic changes and reforms have helped its economy grow very fast, making it a huge market for global businesses.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering "OR" questions, remember that the core points remain the same; focus on linking economic reforms to global market status.

Answer in Brief:

 

Question 1. What problems did Brazil and India face after independence?
Answer:
(i) India was under the British rule for almost one-and-a-half centuries and it got its independence in the year 1947.
(ii) It faced several problems like three wars, famine situations in various parts and similar issues after independence.
(iii) Brazil gained its independence in 1822 after more than three centuries of Portuguese rule, and it faced global financial difficulties and political instability under military rule.
In simple words: After gaining independence, India struggled with wars and food shortages, while Brazil had to deal with financial problems and political issues after centuries of Portuguese rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly separate the challenges faced by India (wars, famines) and Brazil (financial issues, military rule) to show a comparative understanding.

Question 2. How are Brazil and India different from each other in terms of location?
Answer:
(i) India is located in the northern hemisphere of the earth whereas some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere and most of it lies in the southern hemisphere.
(ii) India entirely lies in the eastern hemisphere whereas, Brazil lies in the western hemisphere.
(iii) India lies in the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the continent of South America.
(iv) India lies in the southern part of the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the northern part of South American continent. These distinct locations influence the unique cultural and environmental landscapes of both nations.
In simple words: India is located in the eastern and northern parts of the world within Asia, while Brazil is located in the western and mostly southern parts within South America.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score full marks, clearly contrast the hemispheres (Northern/Southern and Eastern/Western) and the respective continents for both countries.

 

Question 3. Describe the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India and Brazil.
Answer:
(i) The extent of the mainland India is 8°4'N to 37°6'N latitudes and between 68°7'E to 97°25'E longitudes.
(ii) Indira Point is the southernmost tip of India.
(iii) It is located on 6°45'N parallel.
(iv) The extent of the mainland Brazil is 5°15'N to 33°45' S latitudes and between to 34°47'W to 73°48'W longitude. These precise coordinates define the vast geographical boundaries of both countries.
In simple words: This answer gives the exact map measurements (latitudes and longitudes) that show where India and Brazil are located on the globe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Make sure to memorize the exact degree and minute values for both countries, and remember to mention Indira Point as India's southernmost point.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Location And Extent Additional Important Questions And Answers

Name The Following:

 

Question 1. The second-largest populated country in the world.
Answer: India. It is also known for its rich cultural diversity and rapid economic growth.
In simple words: India has the second-highest number of people in the world, right after China.

🎯 Exam Tip: Write the name of the country clearly and ensure correct spelling for direct, one-word answer questions.

 

Question 2. The country is famous for its spices in the world.
Answer: India. India has been a global hub for the spice trade for centuries.
In simple words: India is known worldwide for producing and exporting many different kinds of spices.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that India is globally renowned for its rich variety of spices, which is a key part of its trade history.

 

Question 3. The country is known as the ‘coffee pot’ of the world.
Answer: Brazil. It earns this title because it is the largest producer of coffee globally.
In simple words: Brazil grows and sells more coffee than any other country in the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate the term 'coffee pot' directly with Brazil, as it is the world's leading coffee producer.

 

Question 4. The famous dance form of Brazil.
Answer: Samba. This vibrant dance is an integral part of Brazil's famous annual carnival celebrations.
In simple words: Samba is a very popular and energetic dance that comes from Brazil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Samba is a key cultural symbol of Brazil, often highlighted in questions about Brazilian culture.

 

Question 5. Hemispheres in which India is located.
Answer: Northern and eastern hemispheres. This specific location influences India's climate and time zone.
In simple words: India is located in the top half (Northern) and the right half (Eastern) of the Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both the Northern and Eastern hemispheres to secure full marks for India's hemispheric location.

 

Question 6. A continent in which India is located.
Answer: Asia. It is situated in the southern part of this vast continent.
In simple words: India is a country located in the continent of Asia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always specify that India is located in the southern part of the Asian continent if asked for more detail.

 

Question 7. The latitudinal extent of India.
Answer: 8°4'N to 37°6'N. This measurement represents the mainland extent from south to north.
In simple words: This shows how far India stretches from the bottom to the top using imaginary horizontal lines called latitudes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with the degree and minute symbols (° and ') and always include the 'N' for Northern hemisphere.

 

Question 8. The longitudinal extent of India.
Answer: 68°7'E to 97°25'E. This span accounts for the nearly two-hour time difference between the eastern and western extremities.
In simple words: This shows how wide India is from left to right using imaginary vertical lines called longitudes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Double-check the numbers and ensure you write 'E' for Eastern hemisphere for both coordinates.

 

Question 8. Foreign power which ruled Brazil for more than three centuries.
Answer: Portuguese. They established colonies and significantly influenced the culture and language of Brazil.
In simple words: Portugal was the country that ruled over Brazil for over 300 years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Portuguese is also the official language of Brazil because of this long colonial rule.

 

Question 9. Independence day of Brazil.
Answer: 7th September 1822. This historic day marked the end of Portuguese colonial rule.
In simple words: Brazil became an independent country on September 7, 1822.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize both the day and the year, as fill-in-the-blanks questions often ask for the complete date.

 

Question 10. Type of Government in Brazil from 1930 to 1985.
Answer: Populist Military Government. This period was marked by significant political transitions and military influence.
In simple words: During these years, Brazil was ruled by a government led by military leaders who focused on appealing to the general public.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the exact term "Populist Military Government" to secure full marks in one-word answer questions.

 

Question 11. The latitudinal extent of Brazil.
Answer: 5°15'N to 33°45'S. This vast latitudinal range means Brazil experiences a variety of climatic zones.
In simple words: Brazil stretches from 5 degrees 15 minutes North latitude down to 33 degrees 45 minutes South latitude.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the North (N) and South (S) indicators when writing latitudinal values.

 

Question 12. The longitudinal extent of Brazil.
Answer: 34°47'W to 73°48'W. This wide span covers multiple time zones across the South American continent.
In simple words: Brazil lies between 34 degrees 47 minutes West longitude and 73 degrees 48 minutes West longitude.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that both longitudinal coordinates for Brazil are in the West (W) hemisphere.

 

Choose the Correct Option and Rewrite the Statements:

 

Question 1. The second largest populated country in the world is ________.
(a) China
(b) Brazil
(c) India
(d) Russia
Answer: (c) India
In simple words: India has the second-highest population in the world, right after China.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always read the full statement and rewrite it completely with the correct option filled in to get full marks.

Question 2. Brazil is famous for ________ type of dance form.
(a) Salsa
(b) Samba
(c) Ballet
(d) Tango
Answer: (b) Samba
In simple words: Samba is a lively, rhythmic dance that originated in Brazil and is a major part of their famous street festivals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate the letter 'S' in Samba with the lively street carnivals of Brazil to easily remember this answer.

 

Question 3. The country known as the 'coffee pot' of the world is _______.
(a) Brazil
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Pakistan
Answer: (a) Brazil
In simple words: Brazil is called the 'coffee pot' because it produces and exports the largest amount of coffee in the entire world.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a very common geographical nickname; always link 'coffee pot' directly to Brazil's massive agricultural output.

 

Question 4. India is located in the ________ part of the Asian continent.
(a) southern
(b) northern
(c) northeastern
(d) western
Answer: (a) southern
In simple words: India lies in the lower or southern region of Asia, surrounded by the Indian Ocean at the bottom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember India's peninsular shape pointing downwards into the ocean, which clearly shows its position in the southern part of Asia.

 

Question 5. Brazil gained independence in _______.
(a) 1890
(b) 1980
(c) 1822
(d) 1820
Answer: (c) 1822
In simple words: Brazil declared its independence from Portuguese rule in the year 1822.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep a comparative timeline of India's (1947) and Brazil's (1822) independence years to avoid getting confused between different history chapters.

 

Question 6. Capital of Brazil is ______.
(a) Kabul
(b) Kuala Lumpur
(c) Brasilia
(d) Monaco
Answer: (c) Brasilia
In simple words: Brasilia is the planned capital city of Brazil, built in the late 1950s to serve as the country's new central administrative hub.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Brasilia is the capital of Brazil, not Rio de Janeiro or Sao Paulo, which are just major coastal cities.

 

Question 7. Capital of India is ______.
(a) Patna
(b) New Delhi
(c) Dispur
(d) Chandigarh
Answer: (b) New Delhi
In simple words: New Delhi is the capital city of India and the seat of all three branches of the Indian government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always read the options carefully; do not confuse New Delhi with other major state capitals like Patna or Dispur.

 

Question 8. India was under ___ rule for almost one and a half-century.
(a) Portuguese
(b) African
(c) Russian
(d) British
Answer: (d) British
In simple words: India was ruled by the British Empire for nearly 150 years before gaining independence in 1947.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "one and a half-century" means 150 years, which corresponds to the period of direct and indirect British rule in India.

 

Question 9. For more than a half-century, Brazil was under a _____ government.
(a) Populist military
(b) Monarchy
(c) Constitutional government
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) Populist military
In simple words: For over fifty years in the twentieth century, Brazil was governed by military leaders who used populist policies to rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the timeline of Brazil's history; the populist military regime lasted for more than 50 years in the 20th century.

 

Question 10. Most part of the of mainland Brazil lies in the ______ hemisphere.
(a) northern
(b) southern
(c) eastern
(d) northwestern
Answer: (b) southern
In simple words: Most of Brazil is located below the equator, which means it lies in the southern half of the Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the equator passes through the northern part of Brazil, leaving the vast majority of the country in the southern hemisphere.

 

Question 11. Brazil was ruled by ______ imperial power which also ruled a part of India.
(a) Portuguese
(b) British
(c) Indonesia
(d) Pakistan
Answer: (a) Portuguese
In simple words: Portugal ruled over Brazil for a long time, and they also controlled parts of India like Goa.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate Brazil with the Portuguese language and colonial history to easily remember this fact.