Maharashtra Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Location And Extent PDF Download

Geography - Learning About Countries

Friends! Since 6th standard we have been studying Geography as a separate subject as a part of the course Social Sciences. We have been introduced to various concepts, processes and features related to the four spheres of the earth. We have also studied how settlements evolve, how humans have been using the natural resources for their livelihood, how have they processed the raw resources into more usable items, how these goods are traded in local as well as global markets, etc.

Moreover we have been considering the ill-effects of indiscriminate and exploitative utilization of resources in our environment.

Skills We Need to Learn Geography

To study geography, we need to develop some skills like observation, classification, differentiation, comparison, graph diagrams and map reading, evaluation, analysis, drawing conclusions, presentation, and critical thinking.

To acquire such skills, we need to study regions using all the geographical concepts and processes we have learnt till now and achieve the learning outcomes. Through this we can learn the application of geographical knowledge. This year we will study all this with reference to two countries.

Teacher's Note

Geography helps us understand our world better. For example, learning about Indian spices helps us know why our country is so famous in the world.

Exam Trick

Remember: Geography = location + extent + boundaries. These three things tell you everything about a country. Just like your address tells people where you live!

Points to Remember

Geography teaches us about natural and man-made events.
We learn how people adapt to their region.
We understand problems from over-using resources.
We learn about environment degradation and solutions.
Geography helps us predict future changes.

Why Study Geography This Year

This year you will do the revision of all the concepts learnt till now. This study will help you to provide an insight into geography and its application. It will help you to understand natural and man-made events.

By applying geographical concepts, the characteristics of the region will be understood. We understand how people in the region have adapted to the region. Problems arising due to over-exploitation of resources can be understood. Degradation of environment and measures to be taken against them can be thought about. Looking at the current trends, you can understand the process of changes occurring. You can predict what will happen in the future. It will help you face natural and man-made disasters in a better way. Regional imbalances and the reason for it can be understood and possible remedies can be suggested.

Teacher's Note

Geography is not just about maps. It teaches us real-life skills like understanding why some areas are rich and others are poor.

Exam Trick

In exams, always connect geography concepts to real life. For example, if asked about resources, think of your own village or city and how resources are used there.

Points to Remember

Geography teaches about the four spheres of earth.
We learn how humans use natural resources.
Geography helps us understand settlement patterns.
We study trade and markets.
Geography helps predict future disasters.

Location And Extent

Guess The Countries

Few hints and the flags of two countries are given below. Using them, identify these two countries. You can easily identify one of them and hope you can easily identify the other too.

Country 1 Clues: The second largest populated country in the world, Famous for spices in the world, Cricket is a popular sport here

Country 2 Clues: Famous for Samba dance, Known as the coffee pot of the world, Football is a very popular sport here

Teacher's Note

You can identify countries by their special features like food, sports, and climate. India is known for spices just like your mother uses spices in cooking every day!

Exam Trick

Remember special things about countries. India = Spices + Cricket. Brazil = Football + Coffee. These are easy ways to remember which country is which.

Points to Remember

India is the second largest populated country.
Brazil is known as the coffee pot of the world.
Cricket is popular in India.
Football is popular in Brazil.
India is famous for spices.

Republic Of India

Name of the Country: Republic of India

Name of the Capital: New Delhi

Location, Extent, And Boundaries

India is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres of the Earth. It is located in the southern part of the Asian continent.

With the help of figure 2.1, find the extent of the mainland India. Fill in the degree values in degrees in blank spaces - ......° 4' N to ......° 6' N latitudes and between ......° 7' E to ......° 25' E longitudes.

Indira Point is the southernmost tip of India. It is located on 6°45' N parallel.

Observe figure 2.1. Identify the countries and water bodies around India and complete the table in your notebook.

Teacher's Note

India has many neighbors around it like Pakistan, China, and Bangladesh. Just like you have neighbors around your house, India has neighboring countries around it!

Exam Trick

Remember: India's southernmost point = Indira Point. It sounds like a girl's name but it is a place name. This makes it easy to remember!

Points to Remember

India is in northern and eastern hemispheres.
India is in the southern part of Asia.
Indira Point is the southernmost tip of India.
India has ocean and land boundaries.
India has many neighboring countries.

Federative Republic Of Brazil

Name of the Country: Federative Republic of Brazil

Name of the Capital: Brasilia

Location, Extent And Boundaries

Some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere while most of it lies in the southern hemisphere. Also, it lies in the western hemisphere in the northern part of the South American continent.

With the help of figure 2.2, find the extent of the mainland Brazil. Fill in the degree values in blank spaces- ....° 15' N to ....° 45' S latitudes and between to ....° 45' W to ....° 48' W longitudes.

Observe figure 2.2. Identify Brazil's neighbouring countries and oceans. Fill in the chart given below in your notebook.

Teacher's Note

Brazil is very big and lies mostly in the southern hemisphere. It is like the big backyard of South America with many neighbors around it.

Exam Trick

Brazil lies in BOTH hemispheres. Remember: Most of Brazil is in the SOUTHERN hemisphere. This is different from India which is in the NORTHERN hemisphere.

Points to Remember

Brazil lies in northern and southern hemispheres.
Most of Brazil is in the southern hemisphere.
Brazil is in the western hemisphere.
Brazil is in the northern part of South America.
Brazil has ocean boundaries on the east.

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