Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Kumarbharti Unit Two Chapter 3.3 Stephen Hawking PDF Download

Stephen Hawking

Warming Up!

1. Get into pairs and match the prominent personalities with the disabilities they had:

Teacher's Note

Many great people have achieved big things even with disabilities. Just like our Indian para-athlete Deepa Malik won medals in Paralympics, Stephen Hawking also became a great scientist despite his illness.

Exam Trick

Remember: When matching disabilities with people, look at the key words. Beethoven = deaf, John Milton = blind. Match the disability word with the right person.

Points to Remember

Disabilities do not stop great people from working hard.
Many famous scientists and artists had health problems.
Stephen Hawking became famous even though he had a serious disease.
Disabilities like blindness and deafness did not stop many great achievers.
Hard work and determination are more important than physical health.

Word Building

(a) Reduplication: The root/stem of a word is repeated exactly the same or with a slight change.

For example: tweet-tweet, pitter-patter, chit-chat, bang-bang, riff-raff.

(b) Blending: Parts of two or more words combine to form a new one.

For example:

breakfast + lunch = brunch

smoke + fog = smog

motor + hotel = motel

(c) Clipping: Reducing a word to one of its syllables or a part of it.

For example:

Mathematics - Maths

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Laboratory - Lab

(d) Acronym: Words formed from the first letter of each of the words involved.

For example:

radar, scuba, UNICEF, NASA

BBC, CID, USA, ATM, VIP

DOB, KYC, PM, GN, TY etc.

In your notebook, write five examples of each of the above types of word-building devices. (You may take the help of a Dictionary/Internet)

Teacher's Note

Word building helps us learn new words in English. Just like in Hindi we join words like "chutti" + "ke din" together, in English we also combine words to make new ones.

Exam Trick

Remember: Acronym = first letters. Like CBSE = Central Board of Secondary Education. Look at the first letter of each word.

Points to Remember

Reduplication means repeating a word or making it with a small change.
Blending means joining two words to make one new word.
Clipping means making a long word short by cutting it.
Acronym means using first letters of words to make a new word.
These word-building methods help us understand English better.

Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking (born January 8, 1942) is a British scientist, professor and author who has done groundbreaking work in physics and cosmology, and whose books have helped to make science accessible to everyone. At the age of 21, while studying cosmology at the University of Cambridge, he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Part of his life story was depicted in the 2014 film The Theory of Everything.

Over the years, Stephen Hawking has written or co-written a total of 15 books. A few of the most noteworthy include:

In 1988 Hawking catapulted to international prominence with the publication of A Brief History of Time. The short, informative book became an account of cosmology for the masses and offered an overview of space and time, the existence of God and the future. The work was an instant success, spending more than four years atop the London Sunday Times bestseller list. Since its publication, it has sold millions of copies worldwide and been translated into more than 40 languages.

A Brief History of Time also was not as easy to understand as some had hoped. So in 2001, Hawking followed up his book with The Universe in a Nutshell, which offered a more illustrated guide to cosmology's big theories.

Stephen Hawking (8th January 1942): He is an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, author and Director of Research at the centre of theoretical cosmology within the Cambridge University. Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. Hawking is an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA), a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the US.

This lesson gives us an insight about the great scientist, his life and his works.

Teacher's Note

Stephen Hawking teaches us that our brain is our greatest power. Even when his body could not move, his mind worked and discovered amazing things about the universe, just like how an Indian scientist uses their knowledge to change the world.

Exam Trick

Remember: Stephen Hawking = Physics + Cosmology. Think "space and universe = Hawking" to remember what he studied.

Points to Remember

Stephen Hawking was born on January 8, 1942.
He became sick at age 21 with a disease called ALS.
He wrote many books about space and the universe.
His most famous book is A Brief History of Time.
He won many awards for his great work in science.

In 2005, Hawking authored the even more accessible A Briefer History of Time, which further simplified the original work's core concepts and touched upon the newest developments in the field like String theory. Together these three books, along with Hawking's own research and papers, articulate the physicist's personal search for science's Holy Grail: a single unifying theory that can combine cosmology (the study of the big) with quantum mechanics (the study of the small) to explain how the universe began. It's this kind of ambitious thinking that has allowed Hawking, who claims he can think in 11 dimensions, to lay out some big possibilities for humankind. He's convinced that time travel is possible, and that humans may indeed colonize other planets in the future.

In September 2010, Hawking spoke against the idea that God could have created the universe in his book The Grand Design. Hawking previously argued that belief in a creator could be compatible with modern scientific theories. His new work, however, concluded that the Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of the laws of physics and nothing more. "Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing," Hawking said. "Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe exists, why we exist."

The Grand Design was Hawking's first major publication in almost a decade. Within his new work, Hawking set out to challenge Sir Isaac Newton's belief that the universe had to have been designed by God, simply because it could not have been born from chaos.

Teacher's Note

Hawking's books help us understand big ideas about space and time in simple words. In India, scientists like Vikram Sarabhai also helped people understand science in easy language.

Exam Trick

Remember: A Brief History of Time = most famous book. "Brief" means short and easy to read. Think "Brief = simple and short" for the exam.

Points to Remember

Hawking wrote many books to explain science to common people.
A Brief History of Time was his most popular book.
He wrote about space, time, God, and the Big Bang.
His books were translated into 40 languages.
He believed science and God's belief can work together.

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