Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Kumarbharti Unit One Chapter 1.5 Joan of Arc PDF Download

Phrasal Verbs

Adding different prepositions to the same action verb changes the meaning of the phrases that are formed.

For example:

call out - announce

call at - visit

call for - summon

call up - make a telephonic call

call off - cancel

Guess the difference in meanings of the underlined phrases.

(1) (a) He promised to look into the matter.

(b) He asked me to look for his lost book.

(c) I shall look forward to your arrival.

(2) (a) An epidemic of cholera broke out in the village.

(b) The thieves broke into the locked house.

(c) They broke up their friendship.

(3) (a) You must carry out your duty faithfully.

(b) Please carry on with your work.

(c) They carried off the trophy in the football matches.

(d) Carry forward the remaining balance to the next page.

Teacher's Note

Phrasal verbs are common in English. In India, many students learn phrasal verbs when they study English in school.

Exam Trick

Remember: Different prepositions with the same verb change the meaning completely. For example, "put on" means wear, but "put off" means delay.

Points to Remember

A phrasal verb has a main verb and a preposition or adverb together.
The same verb with different prepositions gives different meanings.
You must learn phrasal verbs by practicing them in sentences.
Phrasal verbs are used very often in daily English.

1.5 Joan Of Arc

Warming Up!

1. Discuss in groups or pairs and make a list of the weapons used in the old times and in the present times.

2. Imagine that you are the captain of your school Kabaddi team. Your final match is against a very strong team. Your team members are sure that you will lose. How will you boost their morale? Work in groups and prepare a short list of what can encourage the team.

Teacher's Note

Joan of Arc was a real girl from France. She was very brave and led soldiers to win wars.

Exam Trick

Remember: Joan means a girl, Arc is a place in France. This is a story about a brave girl who changed history.

Points to Remember

Joan of Arc was a peasant girl from France.
She led the French army in the Hundred Years War.
The play begins in 1429 in northern France.
Joan was very confident and brave.

The war fought between England and France from 1337 to 1453 has come to be known as the Hundred Years War. Joan was a peasant girl born in eastern France, who led the French army to several victories during this war.

This play begins at the time when all of northern France and some parts of the south-west were under foreign control. The English controlled some parts and the Burgundians controlled the others. The city of New Orleans, one of the few remaining French cities was held by the English. The year is 1429. Captain Robert de Baudricourt, a military officer is seated at the table. His steward stands facing him.

Robert: I told you to throw the girl out. You have fifty armed soldiers and dozens of strong servants to carry out my orders. Are they afraid of her?

Steward: No sir, we are afraid of you, but she puts courage in us. She really doesn't seem to be afraid of anything. Perhaps you could frighten her, sir.

Robert: (grimly) Perhaps, where is she now?

Steward: Down in the courtyard, sir.

(Robert goes to the window and asks the soldiers to send the girl up.)

(The girl enters. She is a well-built, strong country girl of 17 to 18 years. The squire's glare neither frightens her nor stops her. She speaks confidently.)

Joan: Good morning, captain squire. You are to give me a horse and armour and some soldiers, and send me to the Dauphin.

George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) was an Irish playwright and critic. He wrote more than sixty plays during his lifetime including major works such as Man and Superman (1902), Pygmalion (1912) and Saint Joan (1923). He was the leading dramatist of his time. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925.

Teacher's Note

George Bernard Shaw was a famous Irish writer. He wrote plays that were acted on stage in England and other countries.

Exam Trick

Remember: Shaw = a playwright who wrote Saint Joan. This is a real story about a girl who changed history.

Points to Remember

Grimly means seriously or with a stern face.
A squire is a person of high rank in old times.
Armour is protective clothing made of metal worn by soldiers.
The Dauphin was the son of the King of France.
Joan was only 17 or 18 years old.

Robert: This girl is mad. Why didn't you tell me so, you blockhead?

Steward: Sir, do not anger her. Give her what she wants.

Robert: I shall send you back to your father with orders to put you under lock and key.

Joan: You think you will, squire. But it won't happen that way. You said you would not see me. But here I am.

Robert: So, you are assuming that I'll give you what you want.

Joan: Yes, squire. (Continues busily) A horse will cost sixteen francs. It is a big amount of money. But I can save it on the armour. I don't need beautiful armour made to my measure. I can find a soldier's armour that will fit me well enough. I shall not want many soldiers. The Dauphin will give me, all I need, to free Orleans.

Robert: (Shocked) To free Orleans!

Joan: (Simply) Yes, squire. Three men will be enough for you to send with me. Polly and Jack have promised to come with me.

Robert: You mean Monsieur de Poulengey?

Joan: Yes, Squire Jack will come willingly. He is a very kind gentleman, and gives me money to give to the poor. I think John Godsave will come, and Dick the Archer, and their servants, John of Honecourt and Julian. There will be no trouble for you, squire. I have arranged it all. You have only to give the order.

Robert: (To the steward) Is this true about Monsieur de Poulengey?

Steward: (Eagerly) Yes, sir, and about Monsieur de Metz too. They both want to go with her.

Robert: (Goes to the window, and shouts into the court-yard.) Send Monsieur de Poulengey to me, will you? (He turns to Joan) Get out and wait in the yard.

Teacher's Note

Joan was very smart. She planned everything carefully before meeting the Captain. This shows she was not just brave but also intelligent.

Exam Trick

Remember: Joan saved money by not needing beautiful armour. This shows she was practical and sensible, not just a dreamer.

Points to Remember

Joan wanted only three men to go with her.
She had already arranged for Polly and Jack to come with her.
She planned to save money on armour and other things.
Joan knew how to manage resources wisely.
She was confident that the Dauphin would give her what she needed.

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