JEE Physics Kinetic Theory MCQs Set 11

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for JEE Physics: Kinetic Theory of gases

Review structured MCQ sets for JEE Physics Kinetic Theory of gases. Built according to official JEE guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

Practice Kinetic Theory of gases MCQs for JEE Physics

View or download the dedicated Kinetic Theory of gases MCQ resource below. Practicing these 50 objective questions regularly builds familiarity with standard exam patterns and helps secure higher marks in final Physics evaluations.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Two identical cylinders contain helium at 2.5 atmosphere and argon at 1 atmosphere respectively. If both the gases are filled in one of the cylinders, the pressure would be
(a) 3.5 atmosphere
(b) 1.75 atmosphere
(c) 1.5 atmosphere
(d) 1 atmosphere
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 3.5 atmosphere

Explanation:
1. Each gas, when it occupies the same volume at the same temperature, keeps its own pressure (Dalton's law).
2. Total pressure = 2.5 + 1 = 3.5 atm.

Teacher's Note:
1. I
2. n
3.
4. a
5.
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7. i
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11. r
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13.
14. e
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30. i
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34. p
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53. d
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64. .
65.
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67. h
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75.
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100. h
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105. r
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108. a
109. l
110.
111. p
112. r
113. e
114. s
115. s
116. u
117. r
118. e
119. s
120. .

Question 2: The air density at Mount Everest is less than at sea level. Mountaineers find that for one trip lasting a few hours, the extra oxygen needed corresponds to 30,000 cc at sea level (pressure 1 atmosphere, temperature 27°C). Assuming the temperature around Mount Everest is −73°C and the oxygen cylinder has a capacity of 5.2 litres, the pressure at which oxygen should be filled (at the site) is
(a) 3.86 atmospheres
(b) 5.00 atmospheres
(c) 5.77 atmospheres
(d) 1 atmosphere
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 3.86 atmospheres

Explanation:
1. \( \frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2} \) with \( T_1=300 \) K, \( T_2=200 \) K.
2. \( P_2=\frac{1\times30000\times200}{300\times5200}=3.85 \) atm, which is about 3.86 atm.

Teacher's Note:
1. C
2. o
3. n
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5. e
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8.
9. t
10. e
11. m
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13. e
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34. d
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56. e
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60. y
61.
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71. i
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74.
75. t
76. h
77. e
78.
79. g
80. a
81. s
82.
83. l
84. a
85. w
86. .

Question 3: Jar A is filled with a gas characterised by parameters P, V and T and another jar B is filled with a gas with parameters 2P, V/4 and 2T. The ratio of the number of molecules in jar A to that in jar B is
(a) 1 : 1
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 2 : 1
(d) 4 : 1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 4 : 1

Explanation:
1. \( N \propto \frac{PV}{T} \).
2. \( N_A:N_B=\frac{PV}{T}:\frac{2P\cdot V/4}{2T}=1:\frac14=4:1 \).

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. h
3. e
4.
5. n
6. u
7. m
8. b
9. e
10. r
11.
12. o
13. f
14.
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18. e
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31. p
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34. t
35. i
36. o
37. n
38. a
39. l
40.
41. t
42. o
43.
44. P
45. V
46. /
47. T
48.
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50. o
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53. a
54. n
55.
56. i
57. d
58. e
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60. l
61.
62. g
63. a
64. s
65. .

Question 4: Three closed vessels A, B and C are at the same temperature T and contain gases which obey the Maxwellian distribution of velocities. Vessel A contains only O₂, B only N₂ and C a mixture of equal quantities of O₂ and N₂. If the average speed of the O₂ molecules in vessel A is v₁ and that of the N₂ molecules in vessel B is v₂, the average speed of the O₂ molecules in vessel C is
(a) \( \frac{v_1+v_2}{2} \)
(b) \( v_1 \)
(c) \( (v_1v_2)^{1/2} \)
(d) \( \sqrt{3kT/m} \), where m is the mass of an oxygen molecule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( v_1 \)

Explanation:
1. The average speed of a molecule depends only on the temperature and its own mass, not on other gases present.
2. So O₂ in vessel C has the same average speed v₁ as O₂ in vessel A.

Teacher's Note:
1. M
2. o
3. l
4. e
5. c
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48.
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67. r
68. i
69. b
70. u
71. t
72. i
73. o
74. n
75. .

Question 5: A vessel contains a mixture of 1 mole of oxygen and 2 moles of nitrogen at 300 K. The ratio of the average rotational kinetic energy per O₂ molecule to that per N₂ molecule is
(a) 1 : 1
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 2 : 1
(d) depends on the moment of inertia of the two molecules
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 1 : 1

Explanation:
1. A diatomic molecule has two rotational degrees of freedom, each carrying ½kT.
2. So the rotational energy per molecule is kT for both gases, and the ratio is 1 : 1 (independent of moment of inertia).

Teacher's Note:
1. E
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3. u
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23. y
24.
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26. s
27. s
28. i
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30. n
31. s
32.
33. ½
34. k
35. T
36.
37. t
38. o
39.
40. e
41. v
42. e
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45.
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47. u
48. a
49. d
50. r
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57. e
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59. r
60. e
61. e
62.
63. o
64. f
65.
66. f
67. r
68. e
69. e
70. d
71. o
72. m
73. .

Question 6: The average translational kinetic energy of O₂ (molar mass 32) molecules at a particular temperature is 0.048 eV. The translational kinetic energy of N₂ (molar mass 28) molecules in eV at the same temperature is
(a) 0.0015
(b) 0.003
(c) 0.048
(d) 0.768
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 0.048

Explanation:
1. Average translational KE is \( \frac32kT \), independent of the molecular mass.
2. So N₂ has the same value, 0.048 eV.

Teacher's Note:
1. A
2. t
3.
4. t
5. h
6. e
7.
8. s
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11. e
12.
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27. l
28.
29. i
30. d
31. e
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34.
35. g
36. a
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38.
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40. o
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42. e
43. c
44. u
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48.
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51. v
52. e
53.
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55. h
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64. v
65. e
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79. i
80. o
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83. l
84.
85. K
86. E
87. .

Question 7: A vessel contains 1 mole of O₂ gas at a temperature T. The pressure of the gas is P. An identical vessel containing one mole of He gas (molar mass 4) at a temperature 2T has a pressure of
(a) \( \frac P8 \)
(b) P
(c) 2P
(d) 8P
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 2P

Explanation:
1. \( P=\frac{nRT}{V} \): same n and V, so \( P\propto T \).
2. Temperature doubled, so the pressure is 2P (the molar mass does not matter).

Teacher's Note:
1. F
2. o
3. r
4.
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6. q
7. u
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10.
11. m
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75. u
76. r
77. e
78. .

Question 8: The temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 120 K to 480 K. If at 120 K the root mean square velocity of the gas molecules is v, at 480 K it will be
(a) 4v
(b) 2v
(c) v/2
(d) v/4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2v

Explanation:
1. \( v_{rms}\propto\sqrt T \).
2. \( \sqrt{480/120}=2 \), so the new speed is 2v.

Teacher's Note:
1. Q
2. u
3. a
4. d
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46. p
47. e
48. e
49. d
50. .

Question 9: The internal energy of an ideal gas decreases by the same amount as the work done by the system. Then
(a) the process must be isothermal
(b) the process must be adiabatic
(c) the process must be isobaric
(d) the temperature of the system must increase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) the process must be adiabatic

Explanation:
1. First law: \( Q=\Delta U+W \). Given \( \Delta U=-W \), so \( Q=0 \).
2. No heat exchange means the process is adiabatic (and the temperature falls).

Teacher's Note:
1. H
2. e
3. a
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7. x
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78. y
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82. e
83.
84. g
85. a
86. s
87. .

Question 10: If the pressure of a gas contained in a closed vessel is increased by 0.4% when heated by 1°C, the initial temperature must be
(a) 250 K
(b) 250°C
(c) 2500 K
(d) 25°C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 250 K

Explanation:
1. At constant volume \( \frac{\Delta P}{P}=\frac{\Delta T}{T} \).
2. \( T=\frac{1}{0.004}=250 \) K.

Teacher's Note:
1. P
2. r
3. e
4. s
5. s
6. u
7. r
8. e
9.
10. i
11. s
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56. s
57. t
58. a
59. n
60. t
61.
62. v
63. o
64. l
65. u
66. m
67. e
68. .

Question 11: To double the volume of a given mass of an ideal gas at 27°C keeping the pressure constant, one must raise the temperature in degree centigrade to
(a) 54°
(b) 270°
(c) 327°
(d) 600°
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 327°

Explanation:
1. At constant pressure V ∝ T. Initial T = 300 K, so the final T = 600 K.
2. 600 K = 327°C.

Teacher's Note:
1. A
2. l
3. w
4. a
5. y
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7.
8. c
9. o
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12. e
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20. e
21. l
22. v
23. i
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25.
26. b
27. e
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29. o
30. r
31. e
32.
33. d
34. o
35. u
36. b
37. l
38. i
39. n
40. g
41. .

Question 12: The gas in a vessel is at a pressure of 20 atmosphere at a temperature 27°C. One half of the gas is released from the vessel and the temperature of the remainder is raised by 50°C. The pressure of the gas now is
(a) 8.5 atm
(b) 10.8 atm
(c) 11.7 atm
(d) 17 atm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 11.7 atm

Explanation:
1. Volume is fixed and \( P\propto nT \).
2. \( P_2=20\times\frac12\times\frac{350}{300}=11.67 \) atm ≈ 11.7 atm.

Teacher's Note:
1. H
2. a
3. l
4. f
5.
6. t
7. h
8. e
9.
10. g
11. a
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13.
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15. e
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18. e
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21.
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28. a
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30. v
31. e
32. s
33. ;
34.
35. t
36. h
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38.
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40. e
41. m
42. p
43. e
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46. t
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50.
51. r
52. i
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54. e
55. s
56.
57. f
58. r
59. o
60. m
61.
62. 3
63. 0
64. 0
65.
66. K
67.
68. t
69. o
70.
71. 3
72. 5
73. 0
74.
75. K
76. .

Question 13: In Van der Waals' equation \( \left(P+ rac a{V^2} ight)(V-b)=RT \), a and b represent
(a) both a and b represent corrections in volume
(b) both a and b represent adhesive force between molecules
(c) a represents adhesive force between molecules and b a correction in volume
(d) a represents a correction in volume and b adhesive force between molecules
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a represents adhesive force between molecules and b a correction in volume

Explanation:
1. The term a/V² corrects the pressure for attraction between molecules.
2. The term b corrects the volume for the finite size of molecules.

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. h
3. e
4.
5. c
6. o
7. n
8. s
9. t
10. a
11. n
12. t
13.
14. a
15.
16. i
17. s
18.
19. l
20. i
21. n
22. k
23. e
24. d
25.
26. t
27. o
28.
29. i
30. n
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32. e
33. r
34. m
35. o
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37. e
38. c
39. u
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46. t
47. r
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50. t
51. i
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54.
55. a
56. n
57. d
58.
59. b
60.
61. t
62. o
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65. o
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68. c
69. u
70. l
71. a
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73.
74. v
75. o
76. l
77. u
78. m
79. e
80. .

Question 14: The speeds of 5 molecules of a gas (in arbitrary units) are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The root mean square speed of these molecules is
(a) 2.91
(b) 3.52
(c) 4.00
(d) 4.24
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 4.24

Explanation:
1. Mean of squares = (4 + 9 + 16 + 25 + 36)/5 = 18.
2. \( v_{rms}=\sqrt{18}=4.24 \).

Teacher's Note:
1. S
2. q
3. u
4. a
5. r
6. e
7.
8. t
9. h
10. e
11.
12. s
13. p
14. e
15. e
16. d
17. s
18. ,
19.
20. a
21. v
22. e
23. r
24. a
25. g
26. e
27.
28. t
29. h
30. e
31. m
32. ,
33.
34. t
35. h
36. e
37. n
38.
39. t
40. a
41. k
42. e
43.
44. t
45. h
46. e
47.
48. s
49. q
50. u
51. a
52. r
53. e
54.
55. r
56. o
57. o
58. t
59. .

Question 15: For a gas \( \frac R{C_V}=0.67 \). This gas is made up of molecules which are
(a) diatomic
(b) a mixture of diatomic and polyatomic molecules
(c) monatomic
(d) polyatomic
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) monatomic

Explanation:
1. \( C_V=\frac R{0.67}=1.5R \).
2. \( C_V=\frac32R \) corresponds to a monatomic gas.

Teacher's Note:
1. C
2. v
3.
4. =
5.
6. 3
7. R
8. /
9. 2
10.
11. f
12. o
13. r
14.
15. m
16. o
17. n
18. a
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20. o
21. m
22. i
23. c
24. ,
25.
26. 5
27. R
28. /
29. 2
30.
31. f
32. o
33. r
34.
35. d
36. i
37. a
38. t
39. o
40. m
41. i
42. c
43.
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45. n
46. d
47.
48. 3
49. R
50.
51. f
52. o
53. r
54.
55. p
56. o
57. l
58. y
59. a
60. t
61. o
62. m
63. i
64. c
65.
66. g
67. a
68. s
69. e
70. s
71. .

Question 16: The specific heat of a gas at constant pressure is greater than that at constant volume because
(a) at constant pressure work is done in expanding the gas
(b) at constant volume work is done in expanding the gas
(c) the molecular attraction increases more at constant pressure
(d) the molecular vibration increases more at constant pressure
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) at constant pressure work is done in expanding the gas

Explanation:
1. At constant pressure the gas expands and does work against the surroundings.
2. Extra heat is needed for that work, so Cp > Cv.

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. h
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4.
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7. f
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71. .

Question 17: The specific heat of a gas
(a) has only two values cp and cv
(b) has a unique value at a given temperature
(c) can have any value between 0 and ∞
(d) depends upon the mass of the gas
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) can have any value between 0 and ∞

Explanation:
1. The heat needed per degree depends on the process followed.
2. For an isothermal process it is infinite and for an adiabatic process zero, so it can have any value.

Teacher's Note:
1. S
2. p
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36. e
37. p
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41. e
42. n
43. t
44. .

Question 18: If one mole of a monoatomic gas \( \left(\gamma=\frac53\right) \) is mixed with one mole of a diatomic gas \( \left(\gamma=\frac75\right) \), the value of γ for the mixture is
(a) 1.40
(b) 1.50
(c) 1.53
(d) 3.07
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1.50

Explanation:
1. \( C_v=\frac{\frac32R+\frac52R}{2}=2R \) and \( C_p=3R \).
2. \( \gamma=\frac{3R}{2R}=1.5 \).

Teacher's Note:
1. F
2. i
3. n
4. d
5.
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7. h
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16. v
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20.
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44.
45. C
46. p
47.
48. =
49.
50. C
51. v
52.
53. +
54.
55. R
56. .

Question 19: The temperature at which the average translational kinetic energy of a molecule is equal to the energy gained by an electron in accelerating from rest through a potential difference of 1 volt is
(a) 4.6 × 10³ K
(b) 11.6 × 10³ K
(c) 23.2 × 10³ K
(d) 7.7 × 10³ K
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 7.7 × 10³ K

Explanation:
1. \( \frac32kT=1.6\times10^{-19} \) J.
2. \( T=\frac{2\times1.6\times10^{-19}}{3\times1.38\times10^{-23}}=7.7\times10^3 \) K.

Teacher's Note:
1. E
2. q
3. u
4. a
5. t
6. e
7.
8. (
9. 3
10. /
11. 2
12. )
13. k
14. T
15.
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17. o
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19. 1
20.
21. e
22. V
23. .

Question 20: For a gas the ratio of specific heats at constant pressure and volume is γ. The number of degrees of freedom is
(a) \( \frac{3\gamma-1}{2\gamma-1} \)
(b) \( \frac2{\gamma-1} \)
(c) \( \frac92(\gamma-1) \)
(d) \( \frac{25}2(\gamma-1) \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \frac2{\gamma-1} \)

Explanation:
1. \( \gamma=1+\frac2f \).
2. So \( f=\frac2{\gamma-1} \).

Teacher's Note:
1. U
2. s
3. e
4.
5. γ
6.
7. =
8.
9. 1
10.
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20.
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23. a
24. r
25. r
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28. g
29. e
30. .

Question 21: Two ideal gases at absolute temperatures T₁ and T₂ are mixed. There is no loss of energy. The masses of the molecules are m₁ and m₂ and the numbers of molecules are n₁ and n₂ respectively. The temperature of the mixture is
(a) \( \frac{T_1+T_2}{2} \)
(b) \( \frac{T_1+T_2}{n_1n_2} \)
(c) \( T_1+T_2 \)
(d) \( \frac{n_1T_1+n_2T_2}{n_1+n_2} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \frac{n_1T_1+n_2T_2}{n_1+n_2} \)

Explanation:
1. Total energy is conserved: \( n_1\cdot\frac f2kT_1+n_2\cdot\frac f2kT_2=(n_1+n_2)\frac f2kT \) (same type of molecule).
2. \( T=\frac{n_1T_1+n_2T_2}{n_1+n_2} \).

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. h
3. e
4.
5. m
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79. .

Question 22: Two thermally insulated vessels 1 and 2 are filled with air at (T₁, T₂), volumes (V₁, V₂) and pressures (P₁, P₂) respectively. If the valve joining the two vessels is opened, the temperature inside the vessel at equilibrium will be
(a) \( T_1+T_2 \)
(b) \( \frac{T_1+T_2}2 \)
(c) \( \frac{T_1T_2(P_1V_1+P_2V_2)}{P_1V_1T_2+P_2V_2T_1} \)
(d) \( \frac{T_1T_2(P_1V_2+P_2V_1)}{P_1V_1T_1+P_2V_2T_2} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac{T_1T_2(P_1V_1+P_2V_2)}{P_1V_1T_2+P_2V_2T_1} \)

Explanation:
1. Energy is conserved: \( n_1T_1+n_2T_2=(n_1+n_2)T \), with \( n=\frac{PV}{RT} \).
2. \( T=\frac{P_1V_1+P_2V_2}{\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}+\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}}=\frac{T_1T_2(P_1V_1+P_2V_2)}{P_1V_1T_2+P_2V_2T_1} \).

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. o
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58. .

Question 23: The root mean square speed of the molecules of a diatomic gas is v. When the temperature is doubled, the molecules dissociate into two atoms. The new root mean square speed of the atom is
(a) v
(b) 2v
(c) \( \sqrt2v \)
(d) 4v
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2v

Explanation:
1. \( v_{rms}\propto\sqrt{T/M} \). Temperature doubles and the mass of each particle halves.
2. New speed \( =v\sqrt{2\times2}=2v \).

Teacher's Note:
1. B
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68. .

Question 24: One mole of an ideal gas is taken from an initial state (P, V, T) to a final state (2P, 2V, 4T) by two different paths. If the changes in internal energy are ΔU₁ and ΔU₂ for paths I and II respectively, then
(a) ΔU₁ = ΔU₂
(b) ΔU₁ > ΔU₂
(c) ΔU₁ < ΔU₂
(d) ΔU₁ = 0.66 ΔU₂
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ΔU₁ = ΔU₂

Explanation:
1. For an ideal gas \( \Delta U=nC_v\Delta T \) depends only on the initial and final temperatures.
2. Both paths have the same end states, so ΔU₁ = ΔU₂.

Teacher's Note:
1. I
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