JEE Chemistry General Principles and Processes Of Isolation Of Elements MCQs Set 04

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: General Principles and Processes Of Isolation Of Elements

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which is the main ore of copper used for extraction?
(a) Chalcocite
(b) Chalcopyrite
(c) Azurite
(d) Cerussite
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Chalcopyrite

Explanation:
1. About 80% of copper is produced from chalcopyrite, CuFeS2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Copper ores: chalcopyrite CuFeS2, chalcocite Cu2S, malachite, azurite, cuprite.

Question 2: Which of the following ores contains both iron and copper?
(a) Cuprite
(b) Chalcocite
(c) Chalcopyrite
(d) Malachite
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Chalcopyrite

Explanation:
1. Chalcopyrite is CuFeS2.
2. Cuprite is Cu2O, chalcocite is Cu2S and malachite is CuCO3·Cu(OH)2.

Teacher's Note:
1. The formula CuFeS2 shows both metals.

Question 3: Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) Silver glance mainly contains silver sulphide
(b) Gold is found in the native state
(c) Tin stone is an oxide ore
(d) Chalcocite is CuFeS2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Chalcocite is CuFeS2

Explanation:
1. Chalcocite is Cu2S; CuFeS2 is chalcopyrite.
2. The other statements are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Memorise name-formula pairs of the common ores.

Question 4: Which is the incorrect statement?
(a) Calamine and siderite are carbonates
(b) Argentite and cuprite are oxides
(c) Zinc blende and pyrites are sulphides
(d) Horn silver is a halide ore
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Argentite and cuprite are oxides

Explanation:
1. Argentite is Ag2S, a sulphide; cuprite is Cu2O, an oxide.
2. So the claim that both are oxides is wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Horn silver is AgCl.

Question 5: The composition of the azurite mineral is
(a) CuCO3·CuO
(b) Cu(HCO3)2·Cu(OH)2
(c) 2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2
(d) CuCO3·2Cu(OH)2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2

Explanation:
1. Azurite is 2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2 (blue).
2. Malachite is CuCO3·Cu(OH)2 (green).

Teacher's Note:
1. Azurite has more carbonate; malachite has equal parts.

Question 6: Which one does not contain magnesium?
(a) Magnetite
(b) Asbestos
(c) Magnesite
(d) Carnallite
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Magnetite

Explanation:
1. Magnetite is Fe3O4.
2. Asbestos CaMg3(SiO3)4, magnesite MgCO3 and carnallite KCl·MgCl2·6H2O contain Mg.

Teacher's Note:
1. Names starting with magn- can mislead.

Question 7: The metal that can be extracted from all three of dolomite, magnesite and carnallite is
(a) Na
(b) K
(c) Mg
(d) Ca
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Mg

Explanation:
1. Dolomite CaCO3·MgCO3, magnesite MgCO3 and carnallite KCl·MgCl2·6H2O all contain Mg.

Teacher's Note:
1. Only magnesium is common to all three.

Question 8: An example of a halide ore is
(a) Galena
(b) Bauxite
(c) Cinnabar
(d) Cryolite
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cryolite

Explanation:
1. Cryolite Na3AlF6 is a fluoride; horn silver AgCl and fluorspar CaF2 are other halide ores.

Teacher's Note:
1. Galena PbS and cinnabar HgS are sulphides.

Question 9: Carnallite has the formula
(a) LiAl(Si2O5)2
(b) KCl·MgCl2·6H2O
(c) K2O·Al2O3·6SiO2
(d) KCl·MgCl2·2H2O
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) KCl·MgCl2·6H2O

Explanation:
1. Carnallite is the double chloride KCl·MgCl2·6H2O.

Teacher's Note:
1. (a) is spodumene and (c) is feldspar.

Question 10: Which is not an ore of iron?
(a) Haematite
(b) Limonite
(c) Siderite
(d) Malachite
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Malachite

Explanation:
1. Haematite Fe2O3, limonite Fe2O3·3H2O and siderite FeCO3 are iron ores; malachite is a copper ore.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fe ores: haematite, magnetite, limonite, siderite, iron pyrites.

Question 11: Which of the following is the correct statement about roasting?
(a) It is done for carbonate ores
(b) It is done for sulphide ores in excess air
(c) It removes only moisture
(d) It is done in the absence of air
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) It is done for sulphide ores in excess air

Explanation:
1. Roasting is heating a sulphide ore strongly in excess air below its melting point; sulphur goes off as SO2 and the metal forms an oxide.

Teacher's Note:
1. Calcination is done in limited or no air for carbonates and hydrated ores.

Question 12: Extraction of zinc from zinc blende is achieved by
(a) electrolytic reduction
(b) roasting followed by reduction with carbon
(c) roasting followed by reduction with another metal
(d) roasting followed by self-reduction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) roasting followed by reduction with carbon

Explanation:
1. 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2 (roasting).
2. ZnO + C → Zn + CO (smelting).

Teacher's Note:
1. Oxide of Zn is reduced by coke.

Question 13: The role of calcination in metallurgical operations is
(a) to remove moisture
(b) to decompose carbonates
(c) to decompose organic matter
(d) to achieve all of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) to achieve all of the above

Explanation:
1. Calcination heats the ore below its melting point in limited air, driving off water, CO2 from carbonates and volatile organic matter.

Teacher's Note:
1. Example: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2.

Question 14: The metallurgical process in which the metal is obtained in the fused state from its ore is called
(a) smelting
(b) roasting
(c) calcination
(d) froth floatation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) smelting

Explanation:
1. Smelting reduces the roasted or calcined ore with carbon at high temperature, with a flux, to give molten metal and slag.

Teacher's Note:
1. Smelting = reduction in a furnace.

Question 15: Which of the following involves smelting?
(a) ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2
(b) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
(c) 2PbS + 3O2 → 2PbO + 2SO2
(d) Al2O3·2H2O → Al2O3 + 2H2O
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

Explanation:
1. Reduction of an oxide to the metal at high temperature is smelting.
2. (a) and (d) are calcination; (c) is roasting.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify each equation as calcination, roasting or smelting.

Question 16: A flux is added during smelting to remove
(a) acidic impurities
(b) basic impurities
(c) all impurities of the ore
(d) both acidic and basic impurities
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) both acidic and basic impurities

Explanation:
1. A basic flux (CaO) removes acidic impurities such as SiO2, and an acidic flux (SiO2) removes basic impurities such as FeO.

Teacher's Note:
1. Flux + gangue = slag.

Question 17: Which flux is used to remove acidic impurities like SiO2?
(a) Silica
(b) Limestone
(c) Borax
(d) Sodium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Limestone

Explanation:
1. Limestone (CaCO3) decomposes to CaO, a basic flux that combines with silica to give CaSiO3 slag.

Teacher's Note:
1. Acidic flux: SiO2. Basic flux: CaO, MgO.

Question 18: Which of the following is the slag formed in the extraction of iron?
(a) Fe3C
(b) FeSiO3
(c) MgSiO3
(d) CaSiO3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) CaSiO3

Explanation:
1. CaO from limestone combines with the SiO2 gangue: CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3.

Teacher's Note:
1. In copper extraction the slag is FeSiO3.

Question 19: In the blast furnace, the maximum temperature is in
(a) the zone of fusion
(b) the zone of combustion
(c) the zone of slag formation
(d) the zone of reduction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) the zone of combustion

Explanation:
1. Coke burns in the hot air blast at the bottom: C + O2 → CO2, reaching about 2200 K.

Teacher's Note:
1. Zones from top: reduction, slag formation, fusion, combustion.

Question 20: Which reaction in the blast furnace is endothermic?
(a) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
(b) 2C + O2 → 2CO
(c) C + O2 → CO2
(d) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

Explanation:
1. Decomposition of limestone absorbs heat.
2. Combustion of carbon is exothermic, as is the reduction by CO.

Teacher's Note:
1. Carbonate decomposition needs heat.

Question 21: Which reaction occurs in the reduction zone during iron extraction?
(a) CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3
(b) FeO + CO → Fe + CO2
(c) Fe2O3 + 3C → 2Fe + CO
(d) CO2 + C → 2CO
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) FeO + CO → Fe + CO2

Explanation:
1. In the upper, cooler reduction zone, CO reduces the iron oxides: FeO + CO → Fe + CO2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reaction (c) is not balanced, and (d) belongs to the lower zones.
2. Slag formation occurs in a hotter region.

Question 22: The upper layer at the bottom of the blast furnace mainly contains
(a) CaSiO3
(b) spongy iron
(c) Fe2O3
(d) FeSiO3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CaSiO3

Explanation:
1. Molten slag, CaSiO3, is lighter than molten iron and floats above it.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both layers are tapped separately.

Question 23: Iron obtained directly from the blast furnace is called
(a) wrought iron
(b) cast iron
(c) pig iron
(d) steel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) pig iron

Explanation:
1. Pig iron contains about 4% carbon and other impurities.
2. Cast iron is obtained by remelting it with scrap.

Teacher's Note:
1. Wrought iron is the purest form (about 0.2% carbon).

Question 24: Which is the purest form of iron?
(a) Cast iron
(b) Wrought iron
(c) Pig iron
(d) Steel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Wrought iron

Explanation:
1. Wrought iron has only about 0.1 to 0.25% carbon.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pig iron about 4%, steel 0.1 to 1.5%.

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