JEE Chemistry Biomolecules MCQs Set 18

Practice MCQs for JEE Chemistry Biomolecules

Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Biomolecules designed to align with the latest JEE academic syllabus for JEE Chemistry. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.

Access Biomolecules Questions and Solutions

View or download the dedicated Biomolecules MCQ resource below. Practicing these 50 objective questions regularly builds familiarity with standard exam patterns and helps secure higher marks in final Chemistry evaluations.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The alcohol obtained by the hydrolysis of oils and fats is
(a) glycol
(b) glycerol
(c) propanol
(d) pentanol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) glycerol

Explanation:
1. Triglycerides are esters of glycerol.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 2: The iodine value is related to
(a) fats and oils
(b) alcohols
(c) esters
(d) hydrocarbons
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) fats and oils

Explanation:
1. It is a measure of unsaturation in fats and oils.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 3: Phospholipids are esters of glycerol with
(a) three phosphate groups
(b) three carboxylic acid residues
(c) two carboxylic acid residues and one phosphate group
(d) one carboxylic acid residue and two phosphate groups
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) two carboxylic acid residues and one phosphate group

Explanation:
1. Two hydroxyls carry fatty acids and the third carries phosphate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 4: Oils and fats are jointly called
(a) lipids
(b) soaps
(c) proteins
(d) polymers
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) lipids

Explanation:
1. Oils and fats are triglyceride lipids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 5: In the hydrolysis of a triglyceride into glycerol and fatty acids, the enzyme used is
(a) amylase
(b) lactase
(c) lipase
(d) invertase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) lipase

Explanation:
1. Lipase hydrolyses ester bonds in fats.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 6: Oleic, stearic and palmitic acids are
(a) fatty acids
(b) amino acids
(c) nucleic acids
(d) essential acids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) fatty acids

Explanation:
1. They are long-chain carboxylic acids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 7: An example of a saturated fatty acid present in nature is
(a) oleic acid
(b) linoleic acid
(c) linolenic acid
(d) palmitic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) palmitic acid

Explanation:
1. Palmitic acid, C15H31COOH, has no double bond.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 8: A nucleotide consists of
(a) base and sugar
(b) base and phosphate
(c) sugar and phosphate
(d) base, sugar and phosphate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) base, sugar and phosphate

Explanation:
1. A nucleotide is a nucleoside (base plus sugar) esterified with phosphate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 9: Which of the following is responsible for heredity character?
(a) DNA
(b) RNA
(c) proteins
(d) hormones
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) DNA

Explanation:
1. DNA carries genetic information.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 10: The base adenine occurs in
(a) DNA only
(b) RNA only
(c) both DNA and RNA
(d) proteins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) both DNA and RNA

Explanation:
1. Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 11: The protein which maintains blood sugar level in the human body is
(a) haemoglobin
(b) oxytocin
(c) insulin
(d) ptyalin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) insulin

Explanation:
1. Insulin lowers blood glucose.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 12: Which of the following statements about the assembly of nucleotides in a molecule of DNA is correct?
(a) a pentose of one unit connects to a pentose of another unit
(b) a pentose of one unit connects to the base of another unit
(c) a phosphate of one unit connects to a pentose of another unit
(d) a phosphate of one unit connects to the base of another unit
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a phosphate of one unit connects to a pentose of another unit

Explanation:
1. Phosphodiester links join the 3-position of one sugar to the 5-position of the next.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 13: Vitamin A is present in
(a) cod liver oil
(b) carrot
(c) milk
(d) all of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) all of these

Explanation:
1. All three are sources of vitamin A or carotene.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 14: Ascorbic acid is a
(a) vitamin
(b) enzyme
(c) protein
(d) carbohydrate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) vitamin

Explanation:
1. It is vitamin C.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 15: The chemical name of vitamin C is
(a) ascorbic acid
(b) folic acid
(c) nicotinic acid
(d) tartaric acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ascorbic acid

Explanation:
1. Its deficiency causes scurvy.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 16: Which of the following is not a constituent of RNA?
(a) ribose
(b) phosphate
(c) adenine
(d) pyridine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) pyridine

Explanation:
1. RNA contains a ribose sugar, phosphate and the bases A, G, C and U.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 17: Which one is found in ATP, a ribonucleotide?
(a) guanine
(b) uracil
(c) adenine
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) adenine

Explanation:
1. ATP is adenosine triphosphate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 18: Which of the following proteins acts as a messenger in a living system?
(a) hormone
(b) enzyme
(c) protective protein
(d) transport protein
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) hormone

Explanation:
1. Protein hormones such as insulin carry signals between tissues.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 19: Which substance is not present in nucleic acid?
(a) cytosine
(b) adenine
(c) thymine
(d) guanidine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) guanidine

Explanation:
1. Nucleic acids contain the base guanine, not guanidine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 20: The deficiency of vitamin B1 causes
(a) beri-beri
(b) scurvy
(c) rickets
(d) anaemia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) beri-beri

Explanation:
1. Thiamine is needed for carbohydrate metabolism.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 21: Which of the following is not present in nucleic acids?
(a) uracil
(b) 2-aminopyridine
(c) thymine
(d) adenine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2-aminopyridine

Explanation:
1. Nucleic acids contain purine and pyrimidine bases, not 2-aminopyridine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 22: In nucleic acids, the sequence is
(a) base-phosphate-sugar
(b) phosphate-base-sugar
(c) sugar-base-phosphate
(d) base-sugar-phosphate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) base-sugar-phosphate

Explanation:
1. A base is joined to the sugar and the phosphate to the sugar, so the order within a nucleotide is base, sugar, phosphate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 23: The segment of DNA which acts as the instructional manual for the synthesis of the protein is
(a) a nucleoside
(b) a nucleotide
(c) ribose
(d) a gene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) a gene

Explanation:
1. A gene is the segment of DNA coding for a protein.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 24: The double helical structure of DNA was proposed by
(a) Watson and Crick
(b) Meicher
(c) Emil Fischer
(d) Khorana
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Watson and Crick

Explanation:
1. Watson and Crick proposed it in 1953.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 25: A segment of DNA molecule which codes for one polypeptide chain is called
(a) a phosphate group
(b) adenine
(c) a gene
(d) an amino acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a gene

Explanation:
1. One gene codes one polypeptide.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 26: In DNA, the complementary bases are
(a) uracil and adenine; cytosine and guanine
(b) adenine and thymine; guanine and cytosine
(c) adenine and thymine; guanine and uracil
(d) adenine and guanine; thymine and cytosine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) adenine and thymine; guanine and cytosine

Explanation:
1. A pairs with T through two hydrogen bonds and G pairs with C through three.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 27: The structure of DNA is
(a) linear
(b) double helix
(c) single helix
(d) triple helix
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) double helix

Explanation:
1. Two antiparallel strands coil around one another.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

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FAQs

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