JEE Chemistry Biomolecules MCQs Set 17

Chemistry Objective Questions and Answers: Biomolecules

Review structured MCQ sets for JEE Chemistry Biomolecules. Built according to official JEE guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

Download Biomolecules MCQs with Answers

Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Biomolecules below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official JEE textbooks.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which amino acid has an aromatic ring?
(a) alanine
(b) glycine
(c) tyrosine
(d) lysine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) tyrosine

Explanation:
1. Tyrosine has a phenol side chain.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 2: The pH value of the solution in which a particular amino acid does not migrate under the influence of an electric field is called the
(a) eutectic point
(b) yielding point
(c) neutralisation point
(d) isoelectric point
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) isoelectric point

Explanation:
1. At the isoelectric pH the zwitterion has no net charge.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 3: The structural formula of the amino acid isoleucine is
(a) CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
(b) (CH3)2CH-CH(NH2)-COOH
(c) CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH(NH2)-COOH
(d) (C2H5)2CH-CH(NH2)-COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH(NH2)-COOH

Explanation:
1. Isoleucine has a sec-butyl side chain.
2. Option a is alanine and option b is valine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 4: The process by which synthesis of protein takes place based on the genetic information present in m-RNA is called
(a) translation
(b) transcription
(c) replication
(d) messenger hypothesis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) translation

Explanation:
1. Ribosomes read the codons of m-RNA and assemble the amino acids, which is translation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 5: Which enzyme converts glucose into alcohol?
(a) invertase
(b) zymase
(c) maltase
(d) diastase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) zymase

Explanation:
1. Zymase of yeast brings about fermentation of glucose to ethanol and CO2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 6: The correct statement in respect of the protein haemoglobin is that it
(a) acts as an oxygen carrier in the blood
(b) forms antibodies and offers resistance to diseases
(c) functions as a catalyst for biological reactions
(d) maintains blood sugar level
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) acts as an oxygen carrier in the blood

Explanation:
1. Haemoglobin binds oxygen at the iron of haem.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 7: Identify the correct statement regarding enzymes.
(a) enzymes are specific biological catalysts that cannot be poisoned
(b) enzymes are normally heterogeneous catalysts that are very specific in their action
(c) enzymes are specific biological catalysts that can normally function at very high temperature (T about 1000 K)
(d) enzymes are specific biological catalysts that possess well-defined active sites
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) enzymes are specific biological catalysts that possess well-defined active sites

Explanation:
1. Substrates bind at a specific active site.
2. Enzymes can be poisoned and are denatured at high temperature.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 8: A biological catalyst is essentially
(a) an enzyme
(b) a carbohydrate
(c) an amino acid
(d) a nitrogen compound
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) an enzyme

Explanation:
1. Enzymes are the catalysts of living cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 9: Which synthesis was done by Stanley Miller?
(a) amino acid
(b) protein
(c) virus
(d) vitamin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) amino acid

Explanation:
1. Miller's spark experiment on methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water gave amino acids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 10: The bond that determines the secondary structure of proteins is due to
(a) a coordinate bond
(b) a covalent bond
(c) a hydrogen bond
(d) a peptide bond
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a hydrogen bond

Explanation:
1. Hydrogen bonds hold the helix and the pleated sheet.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 11: Tripalmitin is
(a) a protein
(b) an enzyme
(c) a lipid
(d) a carbohydrate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a lipid

Explanation:
1. It is the triglyceride of palmitic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 12: On hydrolysis, all lipids yield
(a) monocarboxylic acids
(b) monohydric alcohols
(c) monohaloalkanes
(d) enzymes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) monocarboxylic acids

Explanation:
1. Lipids are esters of long-chain monocarboxylic acids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 13: Which of the following is not a lipid?
(a) oils
(b) fats
(c) waxes
(d) proteins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) proteins

Explanation:
1. Proteins are polypeptides.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 14: The acid value of an oil or fat is measured in terms of the weight of
(a) NH4OH
(b) NaOH
(c) KOH
(d) CH3COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) KOH

Explanation:
1. Acid value is the milligrams of KOH needed to neutralise the free fatty acids in one gram of fat.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 15: The saponification value of an oil or fat is measured in terms of the weight of
(a) NH4OH
(b) NaOH
(c) KOH
(d) C6H5OH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) KOH

Explanation:
1. It is the milligrams of KOH needed to saponify one gram of fat.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 16: The iodine value of an oil indicates
(a) its boiling point
(b) inflammability
(c) unsaturation present in acid contents
(d) solubility of salt in oils
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) unsaturation present in acid contents

Explanation:
1. Iodine adds across the C=C bonds, so the value measures unsaturation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 17: Hardening of oils is caused by
(a) H2
(b) N2
(c) O2
(d) CO2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) H2

Explanation:
1. Hydrogenation with nickel saturates the double bonds, turning liquid oil into solid fat.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 18: Which of the following is obtained when an oil is hydrolysed with alkali?
(a) fat
(b) wax
(c) soap
(d) vitamin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) soap

Explanation:
1. Alkaline hydrolysis of a triglyceride gives glycerol and the sodium salt of the fatty acid, which is soap.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 19: Which of the following indicates the number of free -OH groups in an oil or fat?
(a) iodine value
(b) acid value
(c) acetyl value
(d) saponification value
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) acetyl value

Explanation:
1. Acetyl value is the milligrams of KOH needed to neutralise the acetic acid from acetylated fat.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 20: The most important food reserves of animals and plants are
(a) carbohydrates
(b) proteins
(c) vitamins
(d) fats
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) fats

Explanation:
1. Fats store the most energy per gram.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 21: Which of the following gives maximum energy in metabolic processes?
(a) proteins
(b) carbohydrates
(c) lipids
(d) vitamins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) lipids

Explanation:
1. Fats give about 9 kcal per gram, against about 4 for carbohydrates and proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 22: The energy change produced by the combustion of food is called its calorific value. The highest calorific value is given by
(a) proteins
(b) fats
(c) carbohydrates
(d) vitamins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) fats

Explanation:
1. Fats give about 9.3 kcal/g.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 23: The cell membrane contains
(a) alternate layers of phospholipid and choline
(b) double layers of phospholipid
(c) double layers of phospholipid with polar ends projected outside
(d) double layers of phospholipid with polar ends projected inside
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) double layers of phospholipid with polar ends projected outside

Explanation:
1. In the lipid bilayer the hydrophilic heads face the aqueous medium and the hydrophobic tails face each other.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 24: Which of the following is not a macromolecule?
(a) DNA
(b) starch
(c) palmitate
(d) insulin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) palmitate

Explanation:
1. Palmitate is a small anion, C15H31COO-.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 25: A distinctive and characteristic functional group of fats is
(a) an ester group
(b) a peptide group
(c) a ketonic group
(d) an alcoholic group
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) an ester group

Explanation:
1. Fats are triesters of glycerol.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 26: The waxes are long chain compounds of fatty acids with long-chain alcohols, which belong to the class of
(a) esters
(b) alcohols
(c) ethers
(d) acetic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) esters

Explanation:
1. Waxes are esters of a fatty acid and a long-chain monohydric alcohol.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 27: The hydrolytic reaction of fats with caustic soda is known as
(a) acetylation
(b) carboxylation
(c) saponification
(d) esterification
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) saponification

Explanation:
1. Alkaline hydrolysis of an ester is saponification.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

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Biomolecules Objective Questions & Solutions for JEE Chemistry

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FAQs

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