Oxford Solutions for ICSE Class 8 History Civics Chapter 3 The Age Of Revolution

A. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1: The American War of Independence was the first Organized political revolution in the history of the world.
Answer: Organized
This revolution was significant because it was the first time people successfully rebelled to form a new type of government based on their own laws. It set a precedent for other nations to fight for their freedom and self-governance.
Teacher's Tip: Think of "Organized" as people coming together with a clear plan to change their world.
Exam Tip: Always ensure the word you fill in completes the sentence grammatically.

Question 2: The discovery of the American continent was followed by the establishment of Permanent European settlements in the 16th century.
Answer: Permanent
After explorers found the land, European countries started building towns where people lived for their entire lives. This changed America from a land of indigenous tribes to a place with many European colonies.
Teacher's Tip: "Permanent" means they stayed forever, like a permanent marker that doesn't wash away.
Exam Tip: Mention the specific century (16th) if asked to provide more detail in short answers.

Question 3: The colonists argued that the British Parliament had no right to tax the colonists because they had no representatives in the parliament
Answer: representatives
The colonists were upset because they had to pay money to a government where they had no voice or vote. They used the famous slogan "No taxation without representation" to express this unfairness.
Teacher's Tip: Imagine paying for a class party but not being allowed to choose the music or the snacks.
Exam Tip: Use the keyword "representation" as it is the core reason for the American discontent.

Question 4: George Washington was chosen as the commander of the American troops in the war against the British.
Answer: George Washington
He was a strong leader who later became the first President of the United States after leading the army to victory. His leadership was crucial in keeping the American soldiers united during difficult times.
Teacher's Tip: Remember G.W. - Great Warrior and General Washington.
Exam Tip: Spelling counts for names; always double-check "Washington" has the 'g' and 'h'.

Question 5: In 1776, the representatives of the colonists met at Philadelphia and adopted a Declaration of Independence.
Answer: Declaration of Independence.
This document was a formal announcement that the 13 colonies were no longer part of the British Empire. It officially started the journey of the United States as a free and sovereign nation.
Teacher's Tip: Think of this as a "break-up letter" sent from America to King George III.
Exam Tip: Always associate the year 1776 with this specific document.

Question 6: In about 200 years, the United States of America transformed itself into the most powerful country of the world.
Answer: powerful
The country grew rapidly through industrialization, trade, and expansion across the continent. Within two centuries, it became a global leader in politics, military, and economics.
Teacher's Tip: Focus on the timeline; 200 years is a very short time in history for such a big change.
Exam Tip: In fill-in-the-blanks, look for adjectives like "powerful" to describe the status of a nation.

Question 7: The Constitution of the United States has served as a model and an inspiration to several countries;
Answer: model and an inspiration
Many new nations looked at the U.S. Constitution to learn how to divide power and protect people's rights. It showed that a democracy could actually work in a very large country.
Teacher's Tip: A "model" is like a pattern that others follow to make something similar.
Exam Tip: Remember that the U.S. Constitution influenced the Indian Constitution as well.

Question 8: French society was divided into three main classes, namely the first, the second and the Third Estate
Answer: the first, the second and the Third Estate
This system was very unfair because the first two estates had all the wealth and power while the third estate paid all the taxes. This social inequality was one of the main causes of the French Revolution.
Teacher's Tip: Remember them as the Clergy (1st), Nobles (2nd), and Everyone Else (3rd).
Exam Tip: Use the term "Estate" specifically, as that was the official name for these social classes.

Question 9: The revolutionary writings of political philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu greatly influenced the middle-class intellectuals in France.
Answer: Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu
These thinkers wrote about freedom, equality, and the idea that kings should not have absolute power. Their books inspired people to think for themselves and challenge the old ways of the monarchy.
Teacher's Tip: Think of these three as the "Brains of the Revolution."
Exam Tip: Memorize the names as a group (V, R, and M) to make them easier to recall.

Question 10: The French administration was Corrupt and inefficient.
Answer: Corrupt and inefficient.
The government officials often took bribes and did not care about the problems of the poor people. Because the system worked so poorly, the country ran out of money and could not help its citizens.
Teacher's Tip: "Corrupt" means dishonest, and "inefficient" means they didn't get things done correctly.
Exam Tip: These two adjectives are almost always used together to describe the pre-revolution French government.

B. Match the following:

A
1. Boston Tea Party
2. Declaration of Independence
3. Treaty of Paris
4. French Revolution
5. Third Estate
B
(a) 1789
(b) protest against new taxes
(c) middle class
(d) 1776
(e) British government and the colonists
Answer:
1. Boston Tea Party - (b) protest against new taxes
2. Declaration of Independence - (d) 1776
3. Treaty of Paris - (e) British government and the colonists
4. French Revolution - (a) 1789
5. Third Estate - (c) middle class
This matching exercise links key historical events with their dates or their primary characteristics. For example, the Third Estate is linked to the middle class, who were the driving force behind the changes in France.
Teacher's Tip: Match the dates first (1776 for USA, 1789 for France) to narrow down your choices.
Exam Tip: Rewrite the matched pairs side-by-side in your answer sheet rather than drawing messy lines.

C. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1: By the mid-18th century 11/13/19 British colonies had been established on the east coast of North America.
Answer: By the mid-18th century 13 British colonies had been established on the east coast of North America.
These 13 colonies later became the first 13 states of the United States. They were all located along the Atlantic Ocean because that is where the ships from Europe arrived.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the "lucky 13" colonies that started the USA.
Exam Tip: Remember the number 13; it is reflected in the 13 stripes on the American flag.

Question 2: 4 July/14 July/17 June is celebrated as American Independence Day.
Answer: 4 July is celebrated as American Independence Day.
On this day in 1776, the Declaration of Independence was officially adopted in Philadelphia. It remains the most important national holiday in the United States today.
Teacher's Tip: 4th of July is often celebrated with fireworks to mark America's birthday.
Exam Tip: Do not confuse 4 July with 14 July, which is the French national day.

Question 3: The Second Estate consisted of the clergy/peasants/nobles.
Answer: The Second Estate consisted of the nobles.
Nobles were wealthy landowners who had special titles and held high positions in the government and military. They usually lived in luxury and did not have to pay the heavy taxes that commoners did.
Teacher's Tip: 1st = Church (Clergy), 2nd = Rich (Nobles), 3rd = Workers (Peasants).
Exam Tip: If the question asks about the highest taxes, the answer is always the Third Estate.

Question 4: Marie Antoinette was the queen of England/France/Austria.
Answer: Marie Antoinette was the queen of England
(Note: Verbatim textbook answer provided is incorrect as she was the Queen of France; she was an Austrian princess by birth). She was the wife of King Louis XVI and was often blamed by the people for spending too much money while they were starving. Her unpopularity added to the anger that caused the French Revolution.
Teacher's Tip: While the textbook answer provided says England, always remember she was actually the Queen of France during the Revolution.
Exam Tip: Fact-check textbook answers with your teacher, as she was famous for being the Queen of France.

Question 5: 14 July/4 July/20 June is celebrated as a national holiday in France.
Answer: 14 July is celebrated as a national holiday in France.
This date commemorates the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789, which marked the start of the revolution. It is often called "Bastille Day" outside of France.
Teacher's Tip: Think of 14 July as the "French version" of the 4th of July.
Exam Tip: 14 July (France) and 4 July (USA) are both national days in July; keep them distinct.

D. State whether the following are true or false:

Question 1: By the middle of the 18th century eleven British colonies had been established along the east coast of North America.
Answer: False.
Correct: By the middle of the 18th century 13 British colonies had been established along the east coast of North America.
The number of colonies was specifically thirteen, and they all joined together to fight the British. These original colonies provided the foundation for the United States.
Teacher's Tip: Always count 13 original colonies, never 11.
Exam Tip: When a statement is False, always provide the "Correct" version to gain full marks.

Question 2: The American colonists were rigid and conservative.
Answer: False.
Correct: The American colonists were simple and liberal.
Unlike the people in Europe who followed old, strict traditions, the colonists were more open to new ideas about freedom. They wanted to build a society where people had more choices and fewer restrictions.
Teacher's Tip: "Liberal" in this context means they valued freedom and new ways of thinking.
Exam Tip: Pay attention to adjectives like "rigid" as they are often used to make a sentence false.

Question 3: The American revolutionaries were greatly impressed by the ideas of European philosophers.
Answer: True.
American leaders like Thomas Jefferson read the works of European thinkers and used their ideas to write the Declaration of Independence. They believed in the Enlightenment ideas of reason and human rights.
Teacher's Tip: History is like a conversation; ideas from Europe traveled across the ocean to America.
Exam Tip: "True" statements often highlight the connection between different cultures and ideas.

Question 4: George Washington was the first elected President of the United States of America.
Answer: True.
After the war ended and the new Constitution was written, Washington was chosen as the leader because everyone trusted him. He served two terms as President and helped set many of the rules the U.S. government follows today.
Teacher's Tip: He is often called the "Father of his Country."
Exam Tip: Being "first" and "elected" are the two key facts to verify in this statement.

Question 5: The French Revolution laid the foundation of a democratic government.
Answer: True.
The revolution ended the rule of absolute kings and gave power to the people and their elected representatives. It introduced the idea that a government should be based on the will of the citizens.
Teacher's Tip: "Foundation" means it was the starting point for democracy in France.
Exam Tip: Look for words like "laid the foundation" which indicate a major starting point in history.

E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/ sentences:

Question 1: Which particular incident sparked off the American War of independence? What is the importance of this event?
Answer: The American War of Independence, was sparked off by an incident known as the Boston Tea Party. In 1773, a group of colonists, disguised as Red Indians, raided .British ships in Boston harbour and threw 340 crates of tea into the sea. This incident was a protest against the new taxes including a tax on tea, imposed on the colonies .The importance of this act was that it was an act of open defiance of the colonists against British authority.
This event showed the British that the colonists were willing to destroy property and risk trouble to fight against unfair taxes. It changed the tension from just arguing into an actual conflict.
Teacher's Tip: Remember the "Tea" in the "Sea" at "Boston."
Exam Tip: Mention the specific year (1773) and the number of crates (340) for a precise answer.

Question 2: Name any two European philosophers whose ideas inspired and influenced the American revolutionaries.
Answer: The American revolutionaries were greatly influenced by the ideas of European philosophers Locke, Voltaire and Rousseau who inspired them to fight for liberty.
These philosophers taught that everyone has natural rights that a government should not take away. Their ideas gave the American leaders the legal and moral reasons to rebel against the King.
Teacher's Tip: Think of "LVR" - Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau.
Exam Tip: The question asks for "two," but the answer provides three; listing any two correctly will get you marks.

Question 3: What is the significance of the 4th of July in American history?
Answer: The 4th July is celebrated as the American Independence Day.
It is the anniversary of when the colonies declared themselves free and independent from Great Britain. It is considered the "birthday" of the United States of America.
Teacher's Tip: July 4th = Birthday of USA.
Exam Tip: Use the word "Independence" to describe the significance of this date.

Question 4: Mention two characteristic features of the French monarchy.
Answer: The French king was an autocrat. He enjoyed absolute powers and his will was law. There was no check on his powers by any parliament. He ruled by Divine Right and was answerable to God and not to the people.
The king could do whatever he wanted without asking anyone else for permission. He believed he was chosen by God, so he didn't feel he had to listen to the common citizens.
Teacher's Tip: "Autocrat" means one person has all the power.
Exam Tip: Highlighting "Divine Right" is a great way to show you understand how the king justified his power.

Question 5: In what way did the American Revolution influence the Indian Constitution?
Answer: The Constitution of the United States of America has served as a model and an inspiration to several countries including India. The framers of the Indian Constitution adopted various features like the federal form of government, the incorporation of Fundamental Rights like the American Bill of Rights and the system of checks and balances.
India learned how to guarantee basic freedoms to its citizens by studying the U.S. system. We also used their idea of having a central government and state governments sharing power.
Teacher's Tip: Look for "Fundamental Rights" as the biggest link between the two constitutions.
Exam Tip: Mention "checks and balances" to show that no single person in the government can have too much power.

Question 6: Why is the French Revolution of 1789 considered a turning point in human history?
Answer: The French Revolution of 1789 was a milestone and a major turning point in human history. It revolutionized the social, economic and political fabric, not only of France but of all Europe and subsequently of almost the entire world.
It spread the ideas of liberty and equality to people everywhere, not just in France. It signaled the end of the age of kings and the beginning of the age of democracy for the whole world.
Teacher's Tip: A "turning point" is like a corner in a road that leads to a completely new view.
Exam Tip: Use the word "milestone" to describe the importance of the 1789 revolution.

Question 7: Mention the role of the political philosophers in the overthrow of the French monarchy.
Answer: The revolutionary writings and ideals of great political philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu created an intellectual ferment in France. The middle class was greatly inspired by the revolutionary ideas. Through their writings, the philosophers exposed the evils of French society and government and inspired the people to revolt and fight for their rights.
These writers acted like teachers who showed the people that the way they were being treated was wrong. By pointing out the corruption of the king, they gave the people the courage to demand change.
Teacher's Tip: "Intellectual ferment" means people's minds were bubbling with new and exciting ideas.
Exam Tip: Mention that these ideas specifically inspired the "middle class" to take action.

Question 8: What effect did the American Revolution have on the French people?
Answer: The French generals and soldiers, who had fought in the American Revolution, returned to France with revolutionary ideas and inspired the people to fight against their unjust, despotic government. The American Revolution enthused the French people and encouraged them to rebel.
The soldiers saw that people in America could successfully defeat a king and set up their own country. They brought this hope back home and told everyone that they could do the same in France.
Teacher's Tip: Think of it as a "revolution virus" that travelers brought back to France!
Exam Tip: Use the word "despotic" to describe a government that is cruel and has absolute power.

F. Answer the following questions briefly:

Question 1: The American War of Independence was the first organized political revolution in the history of the world. In this context answer the following questions:
(a) How was an American colony governed? Why were the colonists resentful?
(b) How did the American colonists differ from the British?
(c) Why did the American colonists refuse to pay taxes imposed by the British Parliament in London? Give an account of the Boston Tea Party incident.
Answer: (a) Each American colony had its own Assembly elected by the people of the colony but the governor of the colony was appointed by the British government. The Governor was not responsible to the Assembly. He governed the colony in the interest of England, the mother country, and not the colonists. This caused great resentment among the American settlers who worked very hard but could not enjoy the fruits of their labour.
(b) Socially and culturally, the American colonists were different from the British. The colonist were simple and liberal, unlike the British puritans who were rigid and conservative. The American colonists had a distinct identity i.e an American identity that aspired for freedom to grow and develop as a separate independent nation.
(c) The American colonists refused to pay taxes as they argued that the British Parliament had no right to tax the colonists since they had no representatives in the Parliament. In 1773, a group of colonists, disguised as Red Indians, raided British ships in Boston harbour and threw 340 crates of tea into the sea. This incident was a protest against the new taxes including a tax on tea, imposed on the colonies. . The importance of this act was that it was an act of open defiance of the colonists against British authority.
The colonies were stuck with leaders they didn't choose, which made them feel like they weren't in control of their own lives. This frustration, combined with their new sense of American identity, led them to perform bold acts of protest like the Boston Tea Party.
Teacher's Tip: Remember the conflict was "British Governor vs. American Assembly."
Exam Tip: Explain the "disguise as Red Indians" during the Tea Party as a key detail of the event.

Question 2: The British monarch, King George III, refused to withdraw the unjust and oppressive Acts imposed on the colonists and declared war on them. In this context discuss:
(a) The revolutionary principles and ideas in the Declaration of Independence in 1776
(b) The terms and long-term impact of the Treaty of Paris
(c) The important features of the newly established United States of America
Answer: (a) The Declaration of Independence, 1776 clearly stated that the American colonists had the right to free themselves from the oppressive and explorative British government and form their own government. This declaration proclaimed that all men are born equal and are endowed with certain rights such as the right to life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
(b) According to the Treaty of Paris signed in 1783 between the British government and the colonists, British government recognized the independence of the thirteen colonies which came to be known as the United States of America.
(c) Features of the newly established United States of America are as:
1. A written constitution was framed and a federal, democratic, republican government was set up.
2. The new government guaranteed to all its citizens the rights to freedom of speech, press, religion and justice under the law.
3. The country would be ruled by an elected President who would govern according to the laws written down in the Constitution.
The Declaration of Independence set the goal of equality and rights for all people. The Treaty of Paris officially made that goal a reality, and the new government gave the people a structure to protect those rights forever.
Teacher's Tip: Use "Life, Liberty, and Happiness" as the three main ideas from 1776.
Exam Tip: Note that the Treaty of Paris happened in 1783, several years after the Declaration in 1776.

Question 3: The French Revolution of 1789 was a milestone and a major turning point in human history. In this context discuss the following causes:
(a) An unjust, unequal social order of the Ancient Regime
(b) The growing power of the middle class
(c) An inefficient, corrupt administration
Answer: (a) An unequal, unjust social order: French society was essentially feudal in nature. It was divided into three main classes, called Estates:
1. The First Estate consisted of the clergy (church officials).
2. The Second Estate consisted of the nobles and their families.
3. The Third Estate was composed of 95 per cent of the population. It included the peasants, artisans, workers and the middle class (consisting of merchants, manufacturers and professionals such as lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc.)
The First and Second Estates enjoyed numerous privileges. They owned practically all the land in France but did not have to pay any taxes. They were very wealthy and led comfortable and luxurious lives. The Third Estate, on the other hand, shouldered the entire burden of taxation but was not entitled to any of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and the nobles. Taxes were imposed on everything, including basic necessities like salt. Life was very hard, especially for the poor peasants who had to pay additional taxes to their feudal lords.
(b) Middle class had acquired great wealth and become economically powerful in the 18th century. However, they were denied of social equality and political rights. This caused great resentment among them. They used their economic power to overthrow the Ancient Regime.
(c) The administration was corrupt and inefficient. The officials were selfish and unconcerned about the welfare of the people. King Louis XVI was pleasure-loving and extravagant. He was completely ignorant of and indifferent to the sufferings of the common people and was greatly influenced by his beautiful and ambitious wife, Marie Antoinette. Together they squandered money on festivities and pleasures and emptied the royal treasury.
French society was like a pyramid where the top stayed rich while the bottom did all the work and paid all the bills. Eventually, the middle class became strong enough to lead a revolt against this unfair system and the lazy king.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the 3rd Estate as the "Engine" of France that was being ignored by the "Drivers" (1st and 2nd Estates).
Exam Tip: Mention that taxes were even put on simple things like "salt" to show how hard life was.

Question 4: With reference to the French Revolution, discuss the following:
(a) The Tennis Court Oath
(b) The storming of the Bastille
(c) The adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and its fundamental principles
Answer: (a) On 20, June 1789, the members of the Third Estate met at a tennis court and took an oath not to separate until a new constitution was drawn up for France. This is known as the Tennis Court Oath.
(b) The storming of the Bastille symbolized the victory of the people of France and the fall of monarchy. It marked the beginning of the revolution. 14 July is celebrated as a national holiday in France.
(c) The newly formed National Assembly, consisting of the representatives of the Third Estate, took over the control of the affairs of France. It adopted the famous Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen-a landmark in the history of human progress. By 1791, a new Constitution was drawn up for France.
The revolution began with a promise on a tennis court and a violent attack on a famous prison. These actions eventually led to a new set of laws that promised rights to every citizen in France.
Teacher's Tip: The Tennis Court Oath was the "mental" start, and the Bastille was the "physical" start of the revolution.
Exam Tip: Remember the specific date 14 July for the storming of the Bastille.

Question 5: With reference to the consequences of the French Revolution, answer the following:
(a) Mention any four revolutionary changes that took place in France after the Revolution of 1789.
(b) What effect did the French Revolution have on the rest of Europe?
(c) What impact did the French revolutionary principles have on political developments in India in the middle of the 19th century?
Answer: (a) Revolutionary changes that took place in France after the Revolution of 1789 are:
1. This Revolution marked the end of absolute monarchy and paved the way for the establishment of a republic.
2. The revolution laid the foundation of a democratic government.
3. Feudalism and serfdom were abolished and the power of the Church was brought under the control of the government.
4. Liberty. Equality. Fraternity become the guiding principle of the French republic.
(b) The revolutionary ideas of the French Revolution spread to all European countries. The slogans of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity become the guiding principles all over the world. Oppressed people in Europe rose in revolt against their tyrannical, hereditary rulers and established new social and political system. It inspired the spirit of nationalism among people.
(c) The Revolutionary principles of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity had an impact on India as well. Indian nationalists imbibed these principles and developed a democratic and nationalist outlook. A National movement for freedom was launched, culminating in India’s independence from British rule in 1947.
The revolution completely destroyed the old system of kings and lords in France and replaced it with ideas of freedom. These ideas were so powerful that they crossed borders and oceans, eventually helping India fight for its own independence.
Teacher's Tip: Memorize the "Big Three" French words: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.
Exam Tip: In part (c), connect the French Revolution directly to India's Independence in 1947.

G Picture Study.

Question 1: This picture depicts a very important event in world history wherein a great mob is shown attacking a state prison. Name the event.
Answer: On 14 July 1789, a great mob attacked Bastille the state prison for political prisoners and a much hated symbol of the Ancient Regime. The prisoners were released and they joined the revolutionaries.
The Bastille was not just a prison; it represented the king's power to throw anyone in jail at any time. When the people tore it down, they were symbolically tearing down the king's absolute control.
Teacher's Tip: The Bastille was a "hated symbol," so its destruction was a huge victory for the people.
Exam Tip: Mention that the prison was called "Bastille" and specify the date 14 July 1789.

Question 2: In which country did it take place and when?
Answer: The country was France and it take place on 14 July 1789.
France was the center of this massive change that shook all of Europe. The date marks the beginning of a decade of intense revolutionary activity.
Teacher's Tip: Always pair "France" with "1789" when talking about the revolution.
Exam Tip: Provide both the full date (day, month, year) for better marks.

Question 3: What is the significance of this event?
Answer: The Prisoners were released and joined the revolutionaries. It also symbolized the Victory of people of France and the fall of monarchy.
This was the first time the common people used force to defy the king's authority. It showed that the king was no longer in total control and that the people's power was real.
Teacher's Tip: "Significance" means why the event was important for history.
Exam Tip: Use the phrase "fall of monarchy" to explain why this event changed the government.

Question 4: Give a brief account of the developments that followed this event.
Answer: This incident marked the beginning of the revolutions. The newly formed National Assembly consisting of the representatives of the Third Estate, took over the Control of the affairs of France. It adopted the famous Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens a landmark in the history of human progress. By 1791, a new constitution was drawn up for France.
After the prison fell, the leaders of the common people started making new laws and rules for the country. They wrote a document saying everyone had rights and created a new plan for how France should be run.
Teacher's Tip: The event led to three things: New Control, New Rights, and a New Constitution.
Exam Tip: Mention the year 1791 as the time when the new Constitution was finally ready.

OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Question 1: Into how many classes was French society divided? What did each class consist of?
Answer: The French society was divided into three main classes, called Estates.
The First Estate consisting of the clergy.
The Second Estate consisting of the nobles and their
The Third Estate was composed of 95 percent of the It included the peasants, artisans, workers and the middle class.
The First and Second estates were very small but very powerful groups. The Third estate was almost everyone else in France, from farmers to city workers and lawyers.
Teacher's Tip: Remember: 1st=God, 2nd=Gold, 3rd=Grit (hard work).
Exam Tip: Use the percentage "95 percent" to show just how large the Third Estate was.

Question 2: Briefly discuss the inequalities and injustices in French society.
Answer: The First and Second Estates enjoyed numerous privileges. They owned practically all the land in France but did not have to pay and taxes. They were very wealthy and led comfortable and luxurious lives. The Third Estate, on the other hand, shouldered the entire burden of taxation but was not entitled to any of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and the nobles. Taxes were imposed on everything including basic necessities like salt Life was very hard, especially for the poor peasants.
The top groups had all the benefits but didn't contribute, while the bottom group had no benefits but paid for everything. This meant that the people who had the least money were the ones forced to give the most to the king.
Teacher's Tip: "Inequality" means things aren't equal; "Injustice" means things aren't fair.
Exam Tip: Mention the tax on "basic necessities" to show how even simple survival was taxed.

Question 3: Examine the drawbacks of the French monarch and the French administration which angered the French intellectuals and eventually led to the Revolution of 1789.
Answer: The administration was corrupt and inefficient The officials were selfish and unconcerned about the welfare of the people. King Louis XIV was pleasure-loving and extravagant. He was completely ignorant of and indifferent to die sufferings of the common people. The economic bankruptcy was further aggravated by French involvement in useless wars against England. These all circumstances led to Revolution of 1789.
The king and his officials were more interested in their own parties and lifestyle than in fixing the country's problems. By spending money on wars and luxuries, they made the people's lives much worse, which made everyone angry enough to fight.
Teacher's Tip: Think of a broken machine (administration) being run by a lazy operator (monarch).
Exam Tip: Mention "economic bankruptcy" to show why the government could no longer function.

Question 4: Why is 14 July celebrated as a national holiday in France?
Answer: In 14 July 1789 a great mob attacked Bastille, die state prison for political prisoners were released and they joined the revolutionaries. So this incident was symbolized the victory of the people of France and the fall of monarchy. So 14 July is celebrated as a national holiday in Frances.
This day commemorates the moment when common citizens took action to reclaim their freedom from the king. It represents the spirit of the revolution and the pride of the French people.
Teacher's Tip: Just like we celebrate Independence Day in India, France celebrates Bastille Day.
Exam Tip: Use the word "symbolized" to explain that the event stood for something much bigger than just a prison break.

Question 5: What important principles did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen establish?
Answer: The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was established on the following principles.
1. All men are born free and have equal rights. Everyone is equal in the eyes of law.
2. Every citizen is entitled to freedom of speech and expression, religion and a fair trial.
These principles meant that the law was now the same for a poor farmer and a rich noble. It guaranteed that people could speak their minds and practice their own religion without being punished.
Teacher's Tip: Remember: Free, Equal, and Fair.
Exam Tip: List these principles as points to make them easy for the teacher to grade.