Oxford Solutions for ICSE Class 6 History Civics Chapter 15 Life In Prehistoric Times

Keywords

1. Palaeolithic Age: It is the Old Stone Age in which humans made crude stone tools. It extended roughly from 500,000 , BCE to 10, 000 BCE.
Early humans used very basic stones they found in nature to hunt and protect themselves. They had not yet learned how to sharpen or polish these stones into fine tools.
Teacher's Tip: Remember "Pal-eo" means "Old" - it is the very first stage of human history.
Exam Tip: Always mention the approximate dates (500,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE) for full marks.

2. Mesolithic Age: It is the Middle Stone Age which was a transition period. It extended roughly from 10, 000 BCE to 8,000 BCE.
This was a short but important time when the climate changed and humans started making smaller, sharper tools called microliths. It bridges the gap between the rough old stone age and the advanced new stone age.
Teacher's Tip: "Meso" means "Middle" - it is the age right in the center.
Exam Tip: Use the word "transition" to describe this period in your answers.

3. Neolithic Age: It is the New stone Age in which human made well shaped and polished stone tools. It extended roughly from 8,000 BCE to 4,000 BCE.
This period is famous because humans stopped being wanderers and started farming and living in permanent homes. Their tools became much more efficient because they were ground and polished to a fine edge.
Teacher's Tip: "Neo" means "New" - think of it as the 'New' way of living with farming.
Exam Tip: Focus on "farming" and "settled life" as the main features of this age.

4. Barter System: It is the system of exchanging services and goods.
In ancient times, there was no money like coins or notes, so people swapped things they produced. For example, a fisherman might trade fish with a farmer to get some wheat.
Teacher's Tip: Think of it as a "Swap-System" where you give one thing to get another.
Exam Tip: Define it using both "goods" and "services" to show a complete understanding.

5. Chalcolithic Age: It is the Copper-stone Age in which humans made tools of both copper and stone. It extended roughly from 4, 000 BCE to 2, 000 BCE.
This was the first time humans discovered how to use metal, starting with copper. It marked a major step forward because metal tools were much stronger and lasted longer than stone.
Teacher's Tip: "Chalco" refers to copper - it is the first time we see metal being used.
Exam Tip: State clearly that *both* copper and stone were used during this time.

6. Bronze: It is the alloy of copper and tin. It is harder and stronger than copper.
By mixing two metals together, early humans created a revolutionary new material. Bronze was used to make better weapons, sturdy tools, and beautiful ornaments.
Teacher's Tip: Remember: Copper + Tin = Bronze (Think of it as the "C-T-B" recipe).
Exam Tip: Always mention that bronze is "harder and stronger" than pure copper.

EXERCISES

A. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1: In earliest times humans lived in caves and other natural shelters.
Answer: caves, other natural shelters.
These natural spaces protected our ancestors from harsh weather and dangerous wild animals. Because they didn't know how to build houses yet, they relied entirely on what nature provided.
Teacher's Tip: Think of caves as nature's original "apartments."
Exam Tip: Mention both "caves" and "natural shelters" for a complete answer.

Question 2: The Old Stone Age humans made stone tools such as hammers, scrapers and axe-heads.
Answer: hammers, scrapers, axe-heads.
These tools were essential for basic survival tasks like crushing nuts or cleaning animal skins. They were made by chipping away at stones until they had a useful, though rough, shape.
Teacher's Tip: These were the "Swiss Army Knives" of the prehistoric world.
Exam Tip: List at least three specific tool names to show detailed knowledge.

Question 3: To protect themselves from wild animals early humans began to form small groups.
Answer: small groups.
Living together in a community made it easier to keep a lookout for predators and share the work of hunting. This was the very beginning of human society as we know it today.
Teacher's Tip: Safety in numbers is a rule that humans learned very early on.
Exam Tip: Use the word "groups" or "communities" to describe this social change.

Question 4: Primitive humans painted pictures of animals and hunting scenes on cave walls.
Answer: animals, hunting scenes.
These paintings were not just art; they likely served as a way to record history or perform rituals for a successful hunt. They used natural colors made from minerals and plant juices to create these lasting images.
Teacher's Tip: Cave paintings were like the "Instagram" or "YouTube" of ancient times.
Exam Tip: "Hunting scenes" is a key phrase to remember when talking about cave art.

Question 5: The greatest achievement of early humans was the discovery of fire.
Answer: fire.
Fire changed everything because it provided warmth, light, and a way to cook meat. It also acted as a powerful defense to keep wild animals away from human campsites at night.
Teacher's Tip: Fire was the "First Great Invention" that separated humans from animals.
Exam Tip: Always identify fire as the "greatest achievement" of the Palaeolithic Age.

Question 6: The stone tools of the Neolithic Age were well-shaped and polished.
Answer: well-shaped, polished.
Unlike the rough tools of the past, Neolithic tools were smooth and had very sharp edges. This made them much more effective for building permanent shelters and harvesting crops.
Teacher's Tip: Neolithic = "Polished and Pretty" tools.
Exam Tip: Be sure to contrast these with the "crude" tools of the Palaeolithic era.

Question 7: Neolithic humans domesticated dogs, goats, sheep and cattle.
Answer: dogs, goats, sheep, cattle.
Domesticating animals meant that humans had a reliable source of milk, meat, and help with heavy work. This was a major part of the transition to a settled farming lifestyle.
Teacher's Tip: Animals were the "living supermarkets" for early settlers.
Exam Tip: Remember the list: Dogs, Goats, Sheep, Cattle (D-G-S-C).

Question 8: Copper and stone tools were used during the Chalcolithic Age.
Answer: Copper, stone.
This age is a mix because metal was still rare and expensive, so people didn't stop using stone tools immediately. It represents the slow shift from the world of stone to the world of metals.
Teacher's Tip: "Chalco" (Copper) + "Lithic" (Stone) = The Copper-Stone Age.
Exam Tip: Always mention both materials to show why this age has its specific name.

B. Match the following.

Question : Match the items in Column A with Column B.
Column A
1. Palaeolithic Age
2. Neolithic Age
3. Nomadic life
4. Divisions of labour
5. Barter system
6. Chalcolithic Age
Column B
(a) specialization
(b) search for food
(c) exchange of goods
(d) crude stone tools
(e) bronze
(f) polished stone tools
Answer:
1. Palaeolithic Age - (d) crude stone tools
2. Neolithic Age - (f) polished stone tools
3. Nomadic life - (b) search for food
4. Divisions of labour - (a) specialization
5. Barter system - (c) exchange of goods
6. Chalcolithic Age - (e) bronze
This matching exercise connects different historical periods and social systems with their most defining features. For example, "specialization" became possible only when people settled down and had enough food to focus on different jobs.
Teacher's Tip: Match the "Ages" first as they have very specific tool types associated with them.
Exam Tip: Draw clear lines or write the correct letter next to the number for clarity.

C. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1: In the earliest stages of physical development, humans walked on all twos/fours/threes.
Answer: In the earliest stages of physical development, humans walked on all fours.
Our earliest ancestors moved like apes, using both hands and feet to navigate through forests. Over millions of years, they evolved to walk upright on two legs, which freed their hands for tools.
Teacher's Tip: Think of how a baby crawls before it learns to stand and walk.
Exam Tip: "On all fours" is the correct description for the very start of human evolution.

Question 2: Palaeolithic humans were potters/hunters and gatherers/ farmers.
Answer: Palaeolithic humans were hunters and gatherers.
Because they didn't know how to grow food, they spent their whole lives moving from place to place to find wild plants and animals. This lifestyle meant they could never stay in one location for very long.
Teacher's Tip: They "hunted" meat and "gathered" berries and nuts from nature.
Exam Tip: Avoid choosing "farmers" or "potters," as those skills came much later in history.

Question 3: The invention of the wheel/pots/toys was a major milestone in the evolution of the civilized human.
Answer: The invention of the wheel was a major milestone in the evolution of the civilized human.
The wheel allowed humans to transport heavy loads easily and traveled much faster than before. It also helped potters create better storage jars for their grain and water.
Teacher's Tip: The wheel is one of the most important inventions in all of human history.
Exam Tip: Call the wheel a "milestone" because it changed how we move and build.

Question 4: Humans gave up their nomadic lives in the Palaeolithic/ Neolithic/Chalcolithic
Answer: Humans gave up their nomadic lives in the Neolithic Age.
Once they learned how to farm, they no longer needed to wander in search of food. They built strong huts near their fields, creating the very first permanent villages.
Teacher's Tip: Settled Life = Farming = Neolithic Age.
Exam Tip: Always associate the "end of nomadic life" with the start of farming in the Neolithic.

Question 5: The discovery of copper/iron/bronze ushered in a new age and a major advancement in the spread of human civilization.
Answer: The discovery of copper ushered in a new age and a major advancement in the spread of human civilization.
Copper was the first metal humans learned to melt and shape into tools. This discovery ended the millions of years where we relied only on stone and wood.
Teacher's Tip: Copper was the "grand opening" of the metal world for humans.
Exam Tip: Identify "copper" as the very first metal discovered by humans.

D. State whether the following are true or false.

Question 1: The humans of the Old Stone Age were hunters and food gatherers.
Answer: True.
This statement accurately describes the Palaeolithic lifestyle where survival depended entirely on nature. They moved seasonally to follow animal herds and ripening fruits.
Teacher's Tip: This is a fundamental fact of the Old Stone Age; memorize it as "True."
Exam Tip: If asked to explain why, mention they didn't know about farming or animal rearing.

Question 2: Fire was discovered in the Neolithic Age.
Answer: False.
Correct: Fire was discovered in the Palaeolithic Age.
Fire is actually much older than farming or polished tools; it was the first big breakthrough of the Old Stone Age. It helped humans survive the Ice Age and move into colder regions.
Teacher's Tip: Fire is OLD (Palaeolithic), not NEW (Neolithic).
Exam Tip: When a statement is "False," always provide the "Correct" version for full marks.

Question 3: The Neolithic humans used digging sticks and stone sickles.
Answer: True.
As the first farmers, they needed new tools to plant seeds and harvest their crops. Sickles made of stone were used to cut down wheat and barley once it was ripe.
Teacher's Tip: New jobs (farming) required new tools (sickles).
Exam Tip: Mention these tools if you are asked how Neolithic life was different from the past.

Question 4: Humans did not know spinning and weaving in the New Stone Age.
Answer: False.
Correct: Humans did know spinning and weaving in the New Stone Age.
With a settled life, people began to use fibers like wool and flax to make clothes instead of just animal skins. This shows that their culture was becoming much more advanced and comfortable.
Teacher's Tip: Neolithic humans were the first "fashion designers" who made fabric.
Exam Tip: Use the word "weaving" when discussing Neolithic inventions.

Question 5: Copper is harder and stronger than bronze.
Answer: False.
Correct: Bronze is harder and stronger than copper.
Mixing copper with tin creates bronze, which is a much tougher alloy. This is why bronze was better for making weapons that wouldn't bend during a fight.
Teacher's Tip: Think of it as a "Level Up" - Copper is Level 1, Bronze is Level 2.
Exam Tip: Know that "bronze" is an alloy (mixture) for higher marks in science-history questions.

E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/ sentences:

Question 1: Name the periods into which the Stone Age can be broadly divided.
Answer: The Stone Age can be broadly divided into four periods. They are following.
1. Palaeolithic Age or Old Stone Age
2. Mesolithic Age or Middle Stone Age
3. Neolithic Age or New Stone Age
4. Chalcolithic Age or Copper Stone Age
These four stages show the slow and steady progress of humans from simple tool-users to advanced metalworkers. Each period brought a major change in how people found food and built their homes.
Teacher's Tip: Use the initials P-M-N-C to remember the sequence of ages.
Exam Tip: List both the scientific name and the common name (e.g., Neolithic or New Stone Age).

Question 2: What were the stone tools used for by the people of the Paleolithic Age?
Answer: The Palaeolithic humans were the first to make stone implements. Earlier, they used stones as they found them and then threw them away. Later, they began making crude unpolished stone tools. Large pieces of stones were shaped into hammers, scrapers and axe heads. These tools were used for cutting trees, killing and skinning animals, chopping meat and digging up roots.
Every tool had a specific job that helped with daily survival in the wild. Without these inventions, humans would not have been able to hunt larger animals or process their food properly.
Teacher's Tip: In the beginning, tools were for "Breaking and Cutting."
Exam Tip: List at least three specific uses (like hunting or digging roots) to get a perfect score.

Question 3: Where did the early humans live in the Old Stone Age?
Answer: Early humans did not build houses. To protect themselves from wild animals, they took refuge in caves or on trees. Caves protected them from the elements of nature and bad weather conditions.
They lived wherever they could find shelter while they were following animal herds. Caves were particularly useful because they stayed warm in the winter and cool in the summer.
Teacher's Tip: Nature provided their first roofs - trees and caves.
Exam Tip: Use the phrase "took refuge" to describe how they used natural shelters.

Question 4: What did the people of the Old Stone Age eat?
Answer: The people of Old Stone Age did not know how to grow crops. Their food consisted of fruits, roots, nuts, eggs of birds and raw flesh of animals and birds.
They ate whatever they could find in the forests or kill during a hunt. Because they didn't know about fire in the very beginning, they often ate their meat completely raw.
Teacher's Tip: Their diet was a "Natural Buffet" of whatever the forest provided.
Exam Tip: Mention "raw flesh" specifically to show you understand it was before fire was used for cooking.

Question 5: What did the early humans in the Old Stone Age wear?
Answer: During this period, humans did not wear clothes. Gradually, they learnt to use the barks of trees, leaves and animals skins to protect their bodies from the cold and the rain. Later still, they made clothes by stitching animal skins with bone needles.
The invention of bone needles allowed them to make tight, warm clothing that helped them survive in freezing climates. This was a major step in becoming more comfortable and protected from nature.
Teacher's Tip: Clothes started as "nature's bandages" made from leaves and skins.
Exam Tip: Mention "bone needles" as the tool that allowed them to make better clothing.

Question 6: How do we know that early humans were skillful artists?
Answer: There is no doubt that early humans were skillful artist because the painted pictures of animals and drawn hunting scenes with great accuracy and skill on cave walls. They also engraved pictures on ivory horns and flat bones.
The detail in these ancient sketches shows that humans had a deep understanding of animal anatomy even thousands of years ago. These artifacts act as the world's oldest art gallery.
Teacher's Tip: Art was their way of "taking notes" on the animals they saw.
Exam Tip: Use the word "accuracy" to describe the quality of their cave paintings.

Question 7: Mention two important occupations of humans in the New Stone Age.
Answer: Agriculture and domestication of animals were two important occupations of humans in the New Stone Age.
These two jobs allowed humans to have a steady supply of food right next to their homes. This change is why we call the Neolithic period the "New" Stone Age.
Teacher's Tip: They went from "finding food" to "making food."
Exam Tip: Agriculture and Domestication are the two biggest keywords for the Neolithic Age.

Question 8: What is the Copper-Stone age known as?
Answer: The period, known as the Copper-Stone Age or Chalcolithic Age, was a brief but significant period in the life of humans. This period extended roughly from 4000 bce to 2000 bce. It was an age during which both copper and stones tools were used. This age was a period of transition. It marked the end of the New Stone Age and the beginning of the age of metals.
This era was the bridge between the world of rocks and the world of technology. Using copper allowed for more precise work, which helped early civilizations build their first cities.
Teacher's Tip: Chalcolithic = Copper (Chalco) + Stone (Lithic).
Exam Tip: Call it a "period of transition" to describe its role in history.

F. Answer the following questions briefly.

Question 1: Describe the life of prehistoric humans in the earliest times. When did the modern human finally appear?
Answer: In earliest times, prehistoric humans lived alone in caves or other natural shelters. They ate wild berries, roots, fruits, insects, worms and flesh of small animals. They used their bare hands to kill small animals. They did not wear any clothes and their bodies were covered with thick hair. The modem humans (Homo sapiens) finally appeared about 200,000 years ago. They had mastered the art of making tools.
Early life was a constant struggle for survival against the harsh environment and big predators. The appearance of Homo sapiens brought a much higher level of intelligence and problem-solving to the world.
Teacher's Tip: Early humans were more like "super-smart animals" until they invented tools.
Exam Tip: Mention "Homo sapiens" and the date "200,000 years ago" for full marks.

Question 2: Describe the tools of the Palaeolithic Age. How did they differ from the tools of the Neolithic Age?
Answer: During the Palaeolithic Age man made crude unpolished tools. They shaped the large stone pieces into, hammers, scrapers and axe-heads. Polaeolithic Age: Man made crude stone tools like hand axes, choppers and flakes implements. Neolithic Age: Man made better tools and implements like axes, sickle, arrow. They were beautiful well grooved and more useful.
Palaeolithic tools were like "rough drafts" while Neolithic tools were the "finished products." The shift to polished tools made every daily task—from farming to building—much faster and easier.
Teacher's Tip: Crude/Rough (Old) vs. Polished/Sharp (New).
Exam Tip: Mention the specific tool types for both ages, like "scrapers" vs "sickles."

Question 3: How did early humans discover fire? How did this discovery help them?
Answer: Early humans found that when two dry stones rubbed together produce sparks of fire. This discovery bought a great change in their life. They used it for roasting food, lighting his cave, keeping warm in cold season and frightening animals.
Before this discovery, humans were forced to live in fear of the dark and could only live in warm places. Fire acted as a "protective shield" and a "portable heater," allowing them to travel the whole world.
Teacher's Tip: Fire was nature's greatest "Magic Trick" discovered by rubbing stones.
Exam Tip: List at least three benefits of fire (cook, warmth, light, protection) for full marks.

Question 4: What important changes took place in the lifestyle of humans in the New Stone Age?
Answer: In the New Stone Age human became a food producer from food gatherer. He gave up his cave and made huts of straw and mud and he also made better well grooved and more useful tools.
Staying in one place allowed people to build stronger families and larger communities. This was the first time in history that humans felt they had some control over their own environment.
Teacher's Tip: Gatherer -> Producer. This is the biggest change in human history!
Exam Tip: Highlight "settled life" and "huts of straw and mud" as key lifestyle changes.

Question 5: Give an account of the religious beliefs and practices of the people in the Neolithic Age.
Answer: Early humans did not understand natural phenomena. They were afraid of lightning thunder, seasonal changes and natural calamities such as floods and earthquakes. They saw them as mysteries that were beyond their control. So they began to worship the forces of nature and sky, sun, rain, thunder, lightning, etc., became their gods. Ceremonies were performed to please them. Later, people began to bury the dead. Items of daily use such as pottery, tools, weapons, food, etc., were placed in the graves. This suggests that they may have believed in afterlife.
Because they depended on rain for their crops, the sky and sun became the most important things to keep "happy." Burying treasures with the dead shows they hoped their loved ones would have a good life even after death.
Teacher's Tip: They didn't have science, so they used "gods" to explain the weather.
Exam Tip: Mention "burying items with the dead" as proof of their belief in the afterlife.

Question 6: Agriculture and domestication of animals brought about dramatic changes in the life of humans. Explain.
Answer: Agriculture- The discovery of Agriculture has a great importance in the life of humans. The man now become a food producer instead of a food-gatherer and thus, he began to lead a settled life. He now grow corn, vegetables and fruits near his hut. Domestication- The Domestication of animals help the humans in many ways Dogs, goats, sheep and cattle were domesticated. These animals supplied milk, meat and skins. Bullocks, donkeys and horses were later used to plough the fields. In these ways agriculture and domestication brought dramatic changes in the life of humans.
With a steady food supply and animal "laborers," humans finally had enough free time to invent new things. This combination of plants and animals was the engine that started human civilization.
Teacher's Tip: Agriculture = Food Security; Domestication = Help with work.
Exam Tip: Use the phrase "settled life" to explain why these two changes were "dramatic."

Question 7: Why did early humans make pots? How did the invention of the potter’s wheel affect the art of pottery making?
Answer: Early humans make pots because they needed pots to store grains, water and food. The invention of the potter’s wheel was boon for potters. They made pots of various shapes and sizes, pots were often decorated with floral designs and geometrical patterns.
Before the wheel, pots were lumpy and slow to make by hand. The wheel allowed potters to make perfect, smooth jars very quickly, which kept their food safe from moisture and pests.
Teacher's Tip: Pots were the ancient "Tupperware" and "Cereal boxes."
Exam Tip: Explain that pots were needed for "storage" of agricultural surplus.

Question 8: Describe the following features of the Neolithic Age: (1) Invention of the wheel (2) Settlements and early villages.
Answer:
1. The discovery of the wheel was an important achievement of the man in the Neolithic Period. It brought a rapid progress in making beautiful pots. The wheel was used in horse-carts and bullock-carts. Which made transport quite easy and quick. The wheel was used for carrying loads and also used for spinning and weaving. In this way the invention of the wheel was a major achievement of man in his march towards civilization.
2. Agriculture and domestication of animals brought about a dramatic change in the life of early humans. They gave up their nomadic lifestyle and settled down. They built mud houses with thatched roofs and began to live in groups in small villages. The population increased and human life became more organized.
The wheel wasn't just for travel; it helped make better clothes and pots too. These advancements led to the birth of villages where people could protect each other and share their knowledge.
Teacher's Tip: Wheel = Speed; Village = Security.
Exam Tip: Mention "transport" and "spinning/weaving" as the two big uses of the wheel.

Question 9: Write short notes on the following: (1) The barter system (2) Social life during the Neolithic Age.
Answer:
1. The barter system: It is the system of exchanging services and goods. For example, the potters got food grains in exchange for pots and vice versa.
2. Social life during the Neolithic Age: From the earliest times, people had been living in groups. It became necessary to have a code of conduct to regulate and control the activities of the people. These rules became established customs. The oldest, wiser or the strongest man in the village was chosen as the village head man. He maintained law and order in the village and protected the people from enemies.
The barter system taught people how to negotiate and value each other's work. Village life created the first rules and laws, lead by a "head man," to keep everyone living together peacefully.
Teacher's Tip: Barter = Trading; Headman = Leading.
Exam Tip: Define "code of conduct" as the set of rules people lived by in villages.

Question 10: Mention the chief features of the Chalcolithic Age.
Answer: Chalcolithic Age is known as the Copper-Stone Age. It was a brief but significant period in the life of man. The main features of the Chalcolithic Age were following:
1. In Chalcolithic Age discovery of metals and improved implements led to the development of agricultural skills to a high degree.
2. Chalcolithic Settlements were rural in nature Society became more complex and was classified into different groups.
As metal tools became common, farming became much more productive than ever before. This wealth caused society to split into different groups, like rulers, craftsmen, and farmers.
Teacher's Tip: Think of this age as the "Upgrade Age" from stone to metal.
Exam Tip: Mention "improved implements" and "complex society" as key features.

G Picture study

The picture on the right shows stone implements.

Question 1: To which prehistoric age do these implements belong?
Answer: These implements belongs to Neolithic Age.
We can tell because they have very specific, purposeful shapes. Neolithic people were the master stone-carvers who knew how to make a tool for every job.
Teacher's Tip: If the stones in a picture look sharp and smooth, they are Neolithic.
Exam Tip: Always capitalize "Neolithic Age" as it is a proper name of a period.

Question 2: How are these implements different from those belonging to the previous age?
Answer: These implements were well shaped and polished and more useful than belonging to the previous age.
Earlier tools were just big rocks with some edges broken off. These new tools were specifically designed to fit into wooden handles to make axes and hoes.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the difference between a rough rock and a sharp kitchen knife.
Exam Tip: Use the keyword "polished" to describe the difference.

Question 3: What purpose did these tools serve?
Answer: Humans used these tools to till the soil and to reap the crops.
They were the primary instruments used to start the world's first farms. Without these sharp edges, it would have been impossible to harvest large amounts of grain.
Teacher's Tip: These were the very first "Farm Machines" made of stone.
Exam Tip: List "tilling" and "reaping" as the two main agricultural purposes.

Question 4: Mention five important changes that took place in the lifestyle of humans of this period.
Answer:
1. In Neolithic age man became a food producer from food gatherer.
2. Man gave up his cave and made huts of straw and mud near his fields.
3. Man-made better, beautiful well grooved, and more useful tools.
4. The invention of wheel made the life easier and more comfortable.
5. Man began to live in groups and human life became more organized.
This transition changed humans from creatures of nature into masters of their own destiny. By living in organized groups, we started the journey toward building the great cities and empires of the future.
Teacher's Tip: Remember: Food, House, Tools, Wheel, Groups (F-H-T-W-G).
Exam Tip: Use a numbered list to clearly show you have provided exactly five points.

OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Question 1: Define New Stone Age?
Answer: New Stone Age was the period when human made well shaped and polished tools.
This era is characterized by the massive shift in how humans interacted with the world. It is the time when the foundation of all modern civilization—farming and villages—was laid.
Teacher's Tip: New Stone Age is just another name for the Neolithic Age.
Exam Tip: Use "well shaped" and "polished" to define the tools of this era.

Question 2: Name the tools and implement used by man when he became a food producer?
Answer: The names of the tools are sickle hand axe, choppers, flakes, bows and arrows.
These tools helped them not just with farming, but also for hunting and protecting their new settled villages. The bows and arrows allowed them to hunt from a safe distance.
Teacher's Tip: Think of tools that help you "Cut" (sickle/axe) and "Shoot" (bows).
Exam Tip: "Sickle" is the most important tool to mention for a "food producer."

Question 3: In what respect did the Old Stone Age implement differ from the implements used in the new Stone Age?
Answer: The implements of New Stone Age differ from implements of Old Stone Age as the New Stone Age implements were made of good quality. They were polished. They were more sharpened. Wooden handles were fixed to the axes. Sickles were also made.
The addition of wooden handles meant humans could swing axes with much more power and precision. This technological improvement allowed them to cut down thick forests to clear land for farming.
Teacher's Tip: New = Polished, Handled, and Sharp.
Exam Tip: Mention the "wooden handles" as a key physical difference in the tools.

Question 4: How was the discovery of metals useful to the Early Man?
Answer: The discovery and use of metal is an event of great importance in the history of mankind.
1. The use of metal greatly helped man in the field of carpentry. This led to the invention of the wheel.
2. The discovery of metals greatly helped man in the field of agriculture. With the help of better types of plough heads hoes and other implements made of metals he could now sow, reap and harvest different crops on a much better way with the help of better weapons of metals.
3. He could easily defend himself from wild animals.
Metals were a "super-material" that stone simply couldn't compete with. They allowed for the creation of intricate parts like the axle for a wheel and sharp points for ploughs that could cut through hard clay soil.
Teacher's Tip: Metal tools made humans "Stronger and Faster."
Exam Tip: List at least three specific fields (carpentry, agriculture, defense) where metal was used.

Question 5: Describe the social life of early humans?
Answer: Early humans began to form small groups to protect themselves from wild animals. They lived a nomadic life, moving from place to place in search of food.
Life was communal, meaning everyone shared the work and the food they found. Because they had to carry everything they owned, their groups remained small and flexible.
Teacher's Tip: Social life started with "Protecting each other."
Exam Tip: Contrast the "nomadic" social life with the later "village" social life for extra depth.

Question 6: When the Iron Age began and what is its importance?
Answer: The Iron Age began in about 1,200 BCE when iron implements began to be used. Discovery of iron encouraged the growth and spread of civilization.
Iron was much cheaper and easier to find than copper, which meant even common farmers could have high-quality metal tools. This led to the birth of massive empires and much more advanced technology.
Teacher's Tip: Iron is the "Strongest" and most common metal of the ancient world.
Exam Tip: Remember the date "1,200 BCE" as the start of the Iron Age.

Question 7: Distinguish between Food gatherers and Food Producer.
Answer:
Food Gatherer
1. Food gatherer is one who wanders from place to place in search of food.
2. As a food gatherer, man lived by hunting animals and collecting wild plants.
Food producer
1. Food producer is one who producer plants, and crops in fields to meet his food requirements.
2. In neolithic age and there after man stopped being a nomad and began to settle down at one place as an agriculturist and began to domesticate animals.
A gatherer is at the mercy of nature, but a producer controls nature to get what they need. This shift allowed for the creation of surplus food, which eventually led to the development of art, writing, and trade.
Teacher's Tip: Gatherer = Nature's guest; Producer = Nature's boss.
Exam Tip: Use the word "nomad" for gatherers and "settle down" for producers to show the difference.