Focus On Solutions for ICSE Class 8 History Civics Chapter 1 The Union Legislature

The Union Legislature

I. Fill in the blanks:

1. The elections to the Lok Sabha are held by secret ballot.
2. A person should have acquired the age of 25 years of age to become a Member of Lok Sabha.
3. The maximum strength of the members of Lok Sabha is 545 members.
4. The Rajya Sabha is the upper House of Parliament.
5. The President can nominate 12 members members in the Rajya Sabha.

These sentences describe how the Indian Parliament is organized and how people are chosen to be part of it. Understanding the age limits and the number of members helps us see how big our government's law-making body is.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the Lok Sabha as the "Lower" house (starts with L) where you need a "Lower" age of 25.
Exam Tip: In fill-in-the-blank questions, always double-check your spelling for terms like 'Secret Ballot' or 'Nominate'.

II. Match the contents of Column A with those of Column B.

Column A
1. The Speaker
2. The Vice President
3. The Rajya Sabha
4. The Parliament
5. The Lok Sabha
Column B.
(a) Presides over the Rajya Sabha
(b) The legislative organ of the Union Government.
(c) The House of People.
(d) Presiding Officer of the Lok Sabha.
(e) Permanent House
Answer:
1. The Speaker - (d) Presiding Officer of the Lok Sabha.
2. The Vice President - (a) Presides over the Rajya Sabha.
3. The Rajya Sabha - (e) Permanent House.
4. The Parliament - (b) The legislative organ of the Union Government.
5. The Lok Sabha - (c) The House of People.

This matching exercise links the official titles of leaders to the specific houses they control. It also defines the special nicknames for the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Teacher's Tip: Associate the Vice President with the Rajya Sabha because he is always its ex-officio chairman.
Exam Tip: Draw neat lines or write the correct letter next to the number to avoid confusion for the grader.

III. Tick mark (✓) the correct statements and cross mark (X) the wrong ones.

1. The Rajya Sabha is presided over the Vice President of India. ✓
2. A money bill has to be moved first in the Lok Sabha. ✓
3. The Parliament meets at least twice a year. ✓
4. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected for a term of six years. ✓

All of these statements are facts about how the Parliament functions on a daily and yearly basis. They highlight the special powers of the Lok Sabha regarding money and the long term of Rajya Sabha members.
Teacher's Tip: Remember that Money Bills are always handled by the "People's House" (Lok Sabha) first.
Exam Tip: If a question asks you to tick or cross, do not write "True" or "False" instead; follow the specific instructions.

IV. Answer the following questions:

Question 1: Name the two Houses of the Union Parliament
Answer: The two houses of Parliament are
1. Lok Sabha
2. Rajya Sabha.
The Union Parliament is bicameral, which means it has two separate parts working together. The Lok Sabha represents the general public while the Rajya Sabha represents the states of India.
Teacher's Tip: Imagine the Parliament as a big school with two main classrooms, one for the whole school (Lok Sabha) and one for the seniors (Rajya Sabha).
Exam Tip: Always list the houses with their full names and capitalize them correctly.

Question 2: How are the members to the Lok Sabha elected?
Answer: The members of the Lok Sabha are elected directly through a secret ballot by adult citizens for five years.
Direct election means that citizens go to polling booths and vote for their favorite candidate themselves. The term "adult citizens" refers to everyone 18 years and older who is registered to vote.
Teacher's Tip: Direct election = People choose directly; Indirect election = Representatives choose.
Exam Tip: Mention the duration of "five years" to get full marks for this answer.

Question 3: What is a bicameral legislature?
Answer: Bicameral Legislature means a parliament has two houses-the Upper House and the Lower House. Our parliament consists of two Houses, therefore ours is a bicameral Legislature.
The word "bi" means two, so bicameral literally translates to having two chambers or rooms. This system helps ensure that laws are checked twice before they are passed.
Teacher's Tip: Think of a "Bicycle" which has two wheels; "Bicameral" has two houses.
Exam Tip: Provide the example of the Indian Parliament to show you understand the concept in practice.

Question 4: Mention the essential qualifications for a person to be a member of the Lok Sabha.
Answer: Qualifications for Membership to the Lok Sabha:
1. He must be a citizen of India.
2. He should not be less than 25 years of age.
3. He should be mentally sound.
4. He should not be an insolvent, i.e., he should not be in debt and should have the ability to meet his financial commitments.
5. He should not hold an office of profit under the government.
6. He should not be a proclaimed offender.
7. He should have his name in the electoral rolls in some part of the country.
These rules ensure that the people making our laws are responsible, honest, and dedicated to the country. Being "mentally sound" and "not an insolvent" means they are capable of making good decisions without personal financial pressure.
Teacher's Tip: Group these into categories: Personal (Citizen/Voter), Age (25+), and Character (Sound mind/No crimes).
Exam Tip: Try to memorize at least the first four points as they are the most commonly asked in tests.

Question 5: What is the composition of the Rajya Sabha ?
Answer: Rajya Sabha is the Upper House. It is also called council of states. The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha can be 250 members. Of these 238 are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies. The remaining 12 members are nominated by the President of India from among men of repute in various spheres of life e.g. science, technology literature and social work.However, at present, the Rajya Sabha consists of 245 members, out of which 233 are elected and 12 members are nominated by the President.
The Rajya Sabha is unique because it combines elected representatives from states with experts nominated by the President. This mix ensures that both political voices and academic or cultural experts contribute to law-making.
Teacher's Tip: Remember the magic number 12 for the President's nominations in Rajya Sabha.
Exam Tip: Differentiate clearly between the "Maximum Strength" (250) and the "Present Strength" (245).

Question 6: What are the functions of the Lok Sabha?
Answer: The Functions of the Lok Sabha
1. Legislative Functions: They pass bills and make laws. Any bill regarding subjects in the Union or the Concurrent List of the Constitution may be moved in this House.
2. Financial Powers: The House of People controls the treasury. No budget or government expenditure can be made without the permission of the House. A money bill has to be moved only in the Lok Sabha.
3. Control over the Council of Ministers: The council of ministers is responsible to the Lok Sabha. It may remain in power only so long as it enjoys the confidence of the Lok Sabha.
The Lok Sabha acts as the powerful financial heart and law-making brain of the country. It has a special duty to watch over the government's money and ensure the Prime Minister has the support of the people.
Teacher's Tip: Use the keywords "Law", "Money", and "Control" to remember the three main functions.
Exam Tip: When writing about financial powers, always emphasize that Money Bills start *only* in the Lok Sabha.

Question 7: Describe the law making functions of the Parliament.
Answer: The Union Parliament is law-making organ of the Union Government. Besides, it has to perform many more functions.
1. It frames new laws and amends or cancels them, if necessary, on all the 97 subjects of the Union List and all the remainder subjects which have not found a place in any of the lists.
2. In certain cases, it can make laws on the subjects of the State List also.
3. The Parliament along with the State Legislature can pass laws regarding the 47 subjects on the Concurrent List.
4. The Union Parliament has the sole right to amend the Constitution, although in certain cases, these amendments need to be ratified by a majority of the states.
Parliament has the power to create rules for everything from national defense to education and health. It also has the ability to change the Constitution, which is the ultimate rulebook of India.
Teacher's Tip: Remember that Parliament handles "Union List" (National) and helps with "Concurrent List" (Shared).
Exam Tip: Mention the number of subjects (97 and 47) to show the examiner you have precise knowledge.

Question 8: How does the Parliament exercise control over the Government?
Answer: The most important function of the Parliament is to exercise control over the government.
1. The government is directly responsible to the Parliament for its acts of omission and commission. The government can be voted out of office by passing a vote of no confidence against the Prime Minister or the Ministry or any of its members.
2. The Members of Parliament can also move adjournment motions. An adjournment motion is tabled when there is an urgent matter that needs the immediate attention of the government. If admitted, a time a set aside from normal business of the house for discussing the matters of urgent public importance.
3. The members can ask any question relating to the administration of the state and the ministers are obliged to answer them. In this way, they can keep a check on the functioning of the various departments under different ministers.
4. The Parliament can also hold the strings of the government tight by voting a cut in the annual budget.
Control is exercised through questioning and the power to remove the government if it fails the people. By debating urgent matters and reviewing the budget, Parliament ensures the government is doing its job correctly.
Teacher's Tip: Think of Question Hour as a "parent-teacher meeting" where the government has to answer for its performance.
Exam Tip: Use the term "Vote of No-Confidence" as it is the most powerful tool for controlling the executive.

V. Write short notes on the following:

Question 1: Adjournment motion
Answer: Daily business of the House is programmed well in advance and is considered accordingly. But if a question of immense public importance crops up, the members can demand adjournment of the discussion on slated business and discuss that matter immediately.
This is a way for members of Parliament to hit the "pause" button on regular work to focus on a crisis. It ensures that the government cannot ignore a major national problem just to finish its daily schedule.
Teacher's Tip: "Adjourn" means to pause or postpone regular business for something more urgent.
Exam Tip: Define what "slated business" means (the pre-planned schedule) to make your answer more professional.

Question 2: Universal Adult Franchise
Answer: Adult Franchise means that the right to vote should be given to all adult without discrimination on the basis of caste, class, colour, religion or sex. It is based on equality which is the basic principle of democracy.
This principle gives every grown-up citizen the power to choose their leaders regardless of who they are. It is the foundation of a fair democracy where every person's voice carries the same weight.
Teacher's Tip: Universal means "Everyone", Adult means "18+", and Franchise means "Right to vote".
Exam Tip: In India, remember that "adult" specifically refers to those 18 years of age and above.

Question 3: Secret Ballot
Answer: Secret Ballot is a voting method in which a voter’s choice in an election or referendum is anonymous forestalling attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing and potential vote buying. Printed ballot papers are provided with names of the candidates. Provisions are made at the polling place for the voter to record their preferences in secret and the ballots are designed to eliminate bias and to prevent any one from influencing a voter.
The secret ballot ensures that no one can bully you into voting for someone you don't like. Because no one sees your vote, you are free to choose based on your own conscience.
Teacher's Tip: Imagine voting inside a private booth where no one, not even your teacher or parents, can see your choice.
Exam Tip: Mention that it prevents "intimidation and blackmailing" to show the importance of voter safety.

Additional Questions

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. The functions of the government are divided into three branches, namely, the Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary.
2. Subjects for legislation are divide into three lists-the Union List, the State List and the Concurrent List.
3. The Union Parliament has two Houses-the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
4. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent house. It cannot be dissolved.
5. The Parliament is answerable to the legislature.

These basics explain how the whole Indian government is structured into different sections with specific duties. Knowing these lists and houses helps us understand how different levels of government work together.
Teacher's Tip: Remember the "Three Lists" like three different buckets of responsibilities: Central, State, and Shared.
Exam Tip: If asked about the "Permanent House", the answer is always the Rajya Sabha.

B. Match the following:

Column 1
1. The President
2. The Vice-President
3. The Speaker
4. Rajya Sabha
5. The Rajya Sabha
Column 2
(a) is the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
(b) is a permanent house
(c) nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha
(d) is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha
(e) can introduce a bill to amend the Constitution.
Answer:
1. The President - (c) nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha
2. The Vice-President - (a) is the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
3. The Speaker - (d) is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha
4. Parliament - (e) can introduce a bill to amend the Constitution
5. The Rajya Sabha - (b) is a permanent house
This match-up reinforces the roles of high-ranking officials like the President and Vice-President. It also confirms that only the Parliament has the power to change our nation's Constitution.
Teacher's Tip: "Presiding officer" is just a fancy way of saying "the person in charge of the meeting".
Exam Tip: When matching, double-check that you haven't used the same letter twice.

C. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1: The President carries out his/her functions on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Lok Sabha/the Council of Ministers/the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: The President carries out his/her functions on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers.
While the President is the head of state, the real power to run the country lies with the Prime Minister and their team. They work together to make sure every decision follows the law and helps the citizens.
Teacher's Tip: The President is the "Nominal Head", while the PM and Council are the "Real Heads".
Exam Tip: Be careful not to confuse "Council of Ministers" with "Parliament" in this context.

Question 2: Both the central and the state governments can make laws on the subjects in the Union List/State List/Concurrent List
Answer: Both the central and the state governments can make laws on the subjects in the Concurrent List.
The Concurrent List includes things like education and forests, which are important for both local and national levels. If there is a conflict, the law made by the central government usually wins.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the Concurrent List as "shared homework" for both the Center and the States.
Exam Tip: Always remember that "Union List" is only for the Central Government.

Question 3: The Lok Sabha/Rajya Sabha/Vidhan Sabha is also known as the Council of States
Answer: The Rajya Sabha is also known as the Council of States.
The name "Council of States" literally tells you that this house represents the interests of the various states of India. Members are elected by state lawmakers, not directly by the people.
Teacher's Tip: Rajya = States, Sabha = Assembly. So, Rajya Sabha = State Assembly/Council of States.
Exam Tip: "House of People" is the other name for Lok Sabha; don't mix them up!

Question 4: The President can nominates 2/10/12 members from the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha.
Answer: The President can nominates 2 members from the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha.
This nomination was designed to ensure that minority communities also have a voice in the government. It helps in making the Parliament more inclusive and diverse.
Teacher's Tip: 2 in Lok Sabha for Anglo-Indians, 12 in Rajya Sabha for experts. 2 and 12!
Exam Tip: Note that "nominates" is used here for non-elected members appointed by the President.

Question 5: At present the Lok Sabha consists of 454/645/525
Answer: At present the Lok Sabha consists of 545 members.
This number represents the actual active members serving in the house right now. It is slightly less than the absolute maximum allowed by the law.
Teacher's Tip: Think of 545 as the "current attendance" of the Lok Sabha.
Exam Tip: If the question asks for "Maximum Strength", the answer is 552; if it says "At present", use 545.

D. State whether the following are true or false:

1. The State List includes subjects of national importance. False.
2. A member of the Lok Sabha should be at least 30 years of age. True. (Note: Previous sections stated 25; follow the provided answer key).
3. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent House and cannot be dissolved by the President. True.
4. The money bill has to be introduced in the Rajya Sabha. False.
5. The Vice-President is the presiding officer of the Rajya Sabha. True.
These true/false questions test your memory on basic rules like age limits and where bills start. Notice that the State List is for local matters, not national ones.
Teacher's Tip: Money bills are all about the people's money, so they must start in the People's House (Lok Sabha).
Exam Tip: Read every word carefully; changing "Lok Sabha" to "Rajya Sabha" in a sentence makes the whole thing false.

E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/ sentences:

Question 1: Who is the nominal executive head of the government of India?
Answer: The President of India, is only a nominal executive head of the government of India
The President represents the dignity and unity of the nation and performs ceremonial duties. Most actual governing decisions are made by the Prime Minister in the President's name.
Teacher's Tip: Nominal means "in name only", like a captain who doesn't play but represents the team.
Exam Tip: Always name the office ("The President of India") clearly in your one-sentence answer.

Question 2: How do we know that the Parliament has supreme authority in the government?
Answer: The Lok Sabha exercise control over the Council of Ministers which is responsible and answerable to the Lok Sabha for all its policies, decisions and actions. This makes the Parliament the supreme authority in the government because it has the final authority to accept or reject the decisions of the executive.
Parliament is supreme because it holds the government's future in its hands through votes and laws. If Parliament says "No" to a major decision, the government must stop or change its path.
Teacher's Tip: Remember "Supreme" means having the highest power over others.
Exam Tip: Use keywords like "answerable" and "final authority" to demonstrate power relationships.

Question 3: Which branch of government interprets and defines laws?
Answer: Judiciary defines and interprets the laws of the land and tries to prevent any person from violating the laws of the Constitution.
While the legislature makes laws, the Judiciary (the courts) explains what they mean and ensures they are fair. They act like a referee in a sports game, making sure everyone follows the rules.
Teacher's Tip: Think of "Judiciary" and "Judge" - they help us understand the law's true meaning.
Exam Tip: Don't forget to mention that the Judiciary also protects the Constitution.

Question 4: What is the minimum age qualification of an Indian voter?
Answer: All Indian citizens, 18 yeas of age or above, have the right to vote.
Reaching the age of 18 marks the beginning of an Indian citizen's political life. It is the age when the law considers a person mature enough to help choose the country's leaders.
Teacher's Tip: Just remember your 18th birthday is your "Voting Birthday".
Exam Tip: Ensure you specify "Indian citizens" as non-citizens cannot vote regardless of age.

Question 5: Who conducts the meetings of the Lok Sabha?
Answer: The Speaker conducts the meetings of the Lok Sabha
The Speaker acts as a fair leader who decides who gets to speak and maintains order in the house. Without a Speaker, the debates in the Lok Sabha would become very messy and loud.
Teacher's Tip: The Speaker is like the "Class Monitor" or "Chairperson" of the Lok Sabha meetings.
Exam Tip: Always capitalize the "S" in Speaker when referring to this official title.

Question 6: How are the members of the Rajya Sabha elected?
Answer: These members are elected indirectly by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies. Twelve members are nominated by the President from among persons who have distinguished themselves in the fields of art literature, science or social service.
Indirect election means the common people don't vote for them directly; instead, our state leaders do. The President's nominations add a special touch of expertise to the house from non-political backgrounds.
Teacher's Tip: "Indirect" means there is a middle person (the State MLA) doing the voting for you.
Exam Tip: Make sure to list the four fields for nomination: Art, Literature, Science, or Social Service.

Question 7: What is meant by the term ‘budget’?
Answer: The budget is an estimate of the annual income and expenditure of the government of India.
The budget is like a giant plan for the country's wallet, showing where money comes from and how it will be spent. It covers everything from building roads to funding schools and hospitals.
Teacher's Tip: A budget is just a "Financial Plan" for the upcoming year.
Exam Tip: Use the words "annual income" and "expenditure" to get full marks for the definition.

Question 8: What happens when a vote of no-confidence is passed against the Council of Ministers ?
Answer: Vote of no-confidence is a move in the Lok Sabha to express a lack of confidence in the Council of Minister. If such a motion is passed, then the Council of Ministers has to resign.
Passing this vote is the ultimate way for the Lok Sabha to say they no longer trust the government. Once passed, the entire group of ministers must step down immediately, potentially leading to new elections.
Teacher's Tip: "No-confidence" = "We don't trust you to lead us anymore."
Exam Tip: Be clear that this motion is moved specifically in the Lok Sabha, not the Rajya Sabha.

Question 9: Explain the meaning of the term ‘quorum’.
Answer: Quorum refers to the minimum number of members required to be present to conduct a meeting.
A quorum ensures that important laws aren't passed by just a few people when everyone else is away. If the number of members present is too low, the meeting must be cancelled or moved.
Teacher's Tip: Think of it as a "Minimum Attendance" rule for a meeting to be official.
Exam Tip: Mention that without a quorum, no legal business can be conducted.

F. Answer the following questions briefly:

Question 1: In the context of the Parliamentary form of government, answer the following questions:
(a) What are the main features of the parliamentary form of government?
Answer: Features of the parliamentary form of government:
1. Under this system there is very close relationship between the executive and legislature.
2. All the members of the executive are the elected members of the majority party in the legislature.
3. After the general elections the elected representatives of the
4. people of India form the Lok Sabha.
5. Subsequently, the council of Ministers is formed out of the elected members of the Lok Sabha.
In this system, the people who make the laws (legislature) and the people who carry them out (executive) are deeply connected. The winning party in the election provides the leaders who actually run the country's departments.
Teacher's Tip: The "Executive" is born out of the "Legislature" in this system.
Exam Tip: Mention the "majority party" to show you understand how the Prime Minister is chosen.

(b) Name the three branches of government and state their respective functions.
Answer: According to the Constitution, the powers and functions of the government are divided into three branches-the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The powers and functions are distributed among these branches in a manner that makes them equally balanced. India is a parliamentary democracy. The Parliament, which is composed of the elected representatives of the Indian people, is vested with supreme power. The Parliament is the highest law making body and it makes laws for the entire country. Thus the Indian people enjoy supreme power through their representatives in the Parliament.
The legislature makes the laws, the executive puts them into action, and the judiciary makes sure they are followed correctly. This division keeps any one group from becoming too powerful, protecting our freedom.
Teacher's Tip: Use the initials L-E-J (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary) to remember the three branches.
Exam Tip: Use the term "Balance of Power" when describing why we have three separate branches.

(c) Why are powrs distributed between the central and the state governments?
Answer: As India is a vast country, it is not possible for one central government to take care of the specific needs of people living in different parts of the country. Therefore, the country has been divided into different units, which are called states. Each state has a state government and the processes of the government are shared by the central government and the state governments. The parliamentary form of government is also present in the states. The pattern is the same-the state executive is formed out of the state legislature, whose members are directly elected by the people
Distribution of power ensures that local problems get local solutions while national problems get national solutions. For example, your state government might fix local roads while the central government handles national defense.
Teacher's Tip: India is like a big joint family where different family members have different chores to keep the whole house running.
Exam Tip: Use the word "Diversity" or "Vast country" to explain why central power alone is not enough.

Question 2: Give an account of the Lok Sabha with reference to:
(a) Its composition
(b) Basic qualifications of its members
(c) Its term
Answer:
(a) Composition:
1. The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha can be 552 members.
2. A maximum of 530 members can be elected directly by the people of India from different territorial constituencies.
3. A maximum of 20 members can be elected from the union territories.
4. The President can nominate two members from the Anglo-Indian community.
5. At present, the Lok Sabha consists of 545 members
(b) Basic qualifications of its members:
1. Should be a citizen of India.
2. Should be at least twenty-five years of age.
3. Should not be holding an office of profit under the government.
(c) Its term: The Lok Sabha is elected for a 5-year term. However, the President may dissolve it before the expiry of its term if the party in power loses the support of the majority. Its life can be extended for 1 year at a time in case of a national emergency.
The Lok Sabha is the main voice of the Indian people, refreshed every five years through elections. Its composition covers every corner of the country, from large states to small union territories.
Teacher's Tip: Remember: 552 max, 5 years term, and age 25. All the numbers start with or involve 5!
Exam Tip: Always mention that the term can be extended during a "national emergency" for extra detail.

Question 3: Give an account of the Rajya Sabha with reference to :
(a) Its composition
(b) Basic qualifications of its members
(c) Its term
Answer:
(a) Its composition:
1. The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha can be 250 members.
2. 238 members represent the states and the union territories. Seats are allotted to each state according to its population. These members are elected indirectly by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies.
3. Twelve members are nominated by the President from among persons who have distinguished themselves in the fields of art, literature, science or social service.
(b) Basic qualification of the Members of the Rajya Sabha :
1. Should be citizens of India
2. Should be at least 30 years of age
3. Should be registered voters
(c) Its term:
The Rajya Sabha is a permanent House. It cannot be dissolved by the President. Each member is elected for a period of 6 years. One third of its members retire every 2 years. Members can be re-elected.
The Rajya Sabha is like a stable anchor for our government because it never completely goes away at once. It brings together state interests and experienced elders who help guide the nation's laws.
Teacher's Tip: Think of Rajya Sabha as the "Elder's House" – you need to be older (30) and the term is longer (6 years).
Exam Tip: Be precise about the retirement rule: "one-third" retire every "two years".

Question 4: With reference to the functions of the Parliament, explain the following:
(a) Law-making functions
(b) Control over the executive
(c) Judicial functions
Answer:
(a) Law making functions of the Parliament:
1. The Parliament can frame new laws or modify existing ones on any subject in the Union or Concurrent List.
2. In some cases the Parliament can also pass laws on subjects under the State List.
3. Only the Parliament can initiate a Bill to amend the Constitution.
(b) Control over the Council of Ministers:
1. The Parliament keeps a watch over the government. The Council of Ministers is directly responsible and answerable to the Lok Sabha for its policies and actions.
2. The Council of Ministers has to resign immediately if a vote of no-confidence is passed against it by the Lok Sabha.
3. The Members of Parliament can discuss government policies and question the ministers. Hence, they can exercise a check on the working of the government.
4. The Parliament can move an adjournment motion to discuss and focus on any matter of public importance which requires immediate and urgent attention from the government, for instance, natural disasters such as earthquakes and unforeseen situations such as police firing or terrorist attacks, etc.
(c) Judicial Functions of the Parliament:
The Parliament can impeach or remove the President, the Vice-President and judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts if any of them violate the Constitution or misuse their authority.
Parliament is not just a law factory; it is also a guardian that watches over our leaders and judges. Its power to "impeach" ensures that even the most powerful people must follow the rules of our country.
Teacher's Tip: Break these down: (a) Creation, (b) Observation, (c) Correction.
Exam Tip: "Impeachment" is a specific term for the judicial removal of top officials—use it correctly in your answers.

G. Picture study:
This is the picture of an important government building in India. [Image of the Parliament House / Sansad Bhavan]

Question 1: Identify the building.
Answer: House of the People (Parliament House).

Question 2: Which branch of the government functions in this building?
Answer: Lok Sabha.

Question 3: Who are the members of this branch of the government?
Answer: Elected representatives of the people of India are the members of this branch. The lower house of the Parliament is the Lok Sabha. The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha can be 552 members.
1. A maximum of 530 members can be elected directly by the people of India from different territorial constituencies.
2. Not more than 20 members can be elected from the union territories.
3. The President can nominate two members from the Anglo- Indian Community.
4. At present, Lok Sabha consists of 545 members.

Question 4: What are the basic qualifications of the members?
Answer: A member of the Lok Sabha:
1. Should be a citizen of India
2. Should be at least 25 years of age.
3. Should be a registered voter

Question 5: What is their primary function? Mention any two other important functions.
Answer: The Primary Functions of Parliament house are:
1. The Parliament can frame new laws or modify existing ones on any subjects in the Union or Concurrent List.
2. No money can be raised or spent without the approval of the Lok Sabha.
3. In some cases, the parliament can also pass laws on subjects under the State List.
4. Only the Parliament can initiate a Bill to amend the Constituion.
The other two important functions are:
(a) Judicial Function
(b) Elective Function

The building shown is where the laws that govern our daily lives are debated and decided. It is the heart of Indian democracy, where representatives from every state come together to speak for the people.
Teacher's Tip: Recognize the circular or modern building designs to identify the Indian Parliament easily.
Exam Tip: When identifying a building, give its official name like "Sansad Bhavan" or "Parliament House" for precision.