ICSE Class 9 Biology Sample Paper with Solutions Set 01

ICSE EXAMINATION

Sample Question Paper - 1

BIOLOGY

Time: 2 Hours.                                                                                      Total Marks: 80

General Instructions:
1. Answers to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Section A is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from Section B.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ]

SECTION A

(Attempt all questions from this Section.)

Question 1
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answer only.) [15]

(i) The alphabet 'C' in NICD stands for [1 Mark]
1. Cancer
2. Community
3. Communicable
4. Campaign

Answer: (3) Communicable

Teacher's Note:
a) NICD stands for National Institute of Communicable Diseases.
b) Students must memorize standard medical abbreviations related to health organizations and diseases.

(ii) Assertion (A): The surface of the skin is impervious to water.
Reason (R): The skin surface is covered by stratified cuboidal epithelium. [1 Mark]
1. Both A and R are true
2. Both A and R are false
3. A is true and R is false
4. A is false and R is true

Answer: (3) A is true and R is false

Teacher's Note:
a) The outer layer of the skin is composed of stratified keratinized squamous epithelium, not cuboidal epithelium.
b) Read the specific epithelial tissue types carefully before judging the reason.

(iii) Below statements describe a particular disease.
I. It is caused by bacterium Shigella.
II. It occurs frequently among children.
III. It is marked by loose motions, intestinal pain, and mild fever.
Identify the disease. [1 Mark]
1. Amoebic dysentery
2. Bacillary dysentery
3. Cholera
4. Typhoid

Answer: (2) Bacillary dysentery

Teacher's Note:
a) Bacillary dysentery is caused by the bacterium Shigella, whereas amoebic dysentery is caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
b) Connect the causative agent directly to the specific type of dysentery to avoid confusion.

(iv) An animal of Class Mammalia is [1 Mark]
1. Jellyfish
2. Starfish
3. Whale
4. Sycon

Answer: (3) Whale

Teacher's Note:
a) Whales are aquatic placental mammals that breathe through lungs and give birth to young ones.
b) Do not mistake aquatic animals like jellyfish or starfish for mammals.

(v) Biological control of mosquito larvae is done by [1 Mark]
1. Spraying DDT on ponds and marshy places
2. Introduction of Gambusia fish in the ponds
3. Pouring kerosene over the stagnant water
4. Elimination of breeding places of mosquitoes

Answer: (2) Introduction of Gambusia fish in the ponds

Teacher's Note:
a) Biological control involves using living organisms, such as Gambusia (top minnow), which feed on mosquito larvae.
b) Kerosene and DDT are chemical or physical methods, not biological ones.

(vi) Assertion (A): The central cell of the embryo sac has two haploid polar nuclei.
Reason (R): The antipodal cells are three in number in the embryo sac. [1 Mark]
1. Both A and R are true
2. Both A and R are false
3. A is true and R is false
4. A is false and R is true

Answer: (2) Both A and R are false (the official key shows 1; the correct answer is 2 because while both statements state correct biological facts independently, R is not the correct explanation for A)

Teacher's Note:
a) The official key lists option 1, but scientifically R describes antipodal cells whereas A describes polar nuclei, so R does not explain A.
b) Always check if the reason correctly explains the assertion rather than just being a true statement by itself.

(vii) The joint between the ribs and the sternum is a type of [1 Mark]
1. Cartilaginous joint
2. Gliding joint
3. Pivot joint
4. Ball and socket joint

Answer: (1) Cartilaginous joint

Teacher's Note:
a) The connection between the ribs and sternum is formed by costal cartilage, allowing slight bending.
b) Cartilaginous joints permit limited movement compared to freely movable synovial joints.

(viii) Assertion (A): Gram, pea and mango show epigeal germination.
Reason (R): In epigeal germination, the hypocotyl elongates faster. [1 Mark]
1. Both A and R are true
2. Both A and R are false
3. A is true and R is false
4. A is false and R is true

Answer: (4) A is false and R is true

Teacher's Note:
a) Gram, pea, and mango show hypogeal germination where the epicotyl elongates, keeping cotyledons below ground.
b) Distinguish clearly between epigeal (hypocotyl growth, cotyledons pushed up) and hypogeal (epicotyl growth, cotyledons underground) germination.

(ix) Ropes, mats, and certain textiles are made from plant fibres. These fibres are the [1 Mark]
1. Parenchyma cells
2. Collenchyma cells
3. Sclerenchyma cells
4. Aerenchyma cells

Answer: (3) Sclerenchyma cells

Teacher's Note:
a) Sclerenchyma cells possess heavily lignified secondary walls providing mechanical strength and rigidity used in commercial fibres.
b) Parenchyma and collenchyma provide flexibility and storage rather than strong commercial fibers.

(x) Assertion (A): Euglena is an example of a prokaryotic cell.
Reason (R): Prokaryotes have a well-defined nucleus. [1 Mark]
1. Both A and R are true
2. Both A and R are false
3. A is true and R is false
4. A is false and R is true

Answer: (2) Both A and R are false

Teacher's Note:
a) Euglena is a unicellular eukaryotic protist, and prokaryotes lack a well-defined membrane-bound nucleus.
b) Both statements contain fundamental biological inaccuracies regarding cell structure.

(xi) The activity of the mammary glands is related to the reproductive hormone [1 Mark]
1. Progesterone
2. Prolactin
3. Oestrogen
4. Testosterone

Answer: (2) Prolactin

Teacher's Note:
a) Prolactin is the primary hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates milk production in mammary glands.
b) Do not confuse prolactin (milk production) with oxytocin (milk ejection).

(xii) Sushma experiences painful breathing. This condition is referred to as [1 Mark]
1. Eupnea
2. Dyspnea
3. Apnea
4. Claustrophobia

Answer: (2) Dyspnea

Teacher's Note:
a) Dyspnea is the medical term for difficult or painful breathing.
b) Eupnea means normal quiet breathing, while apnea means temporary cessation of breathing.

(xiii) Which of the following is a nutritional deficiency? [1 Mark]
1. Marasmus
2. Asbestosis
3. Coronary arteriosclerosis
4. Sickle cell anaemia

Answer: (1) Marasmus

Teacher's Note:
a) Marasmus is a protein-energy malnutrition disorder seen in infants.
b) Asbestosis is an occupational lung disease, and sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disorder.

(xiv) Pratik enjoys eating fries and chips. Digestion of these food items occurs in the [1 Mark]
1. Small intestine
2. Large intestine
3. Stomach
4. Oesophagus

Answer: (1) Small intestine

Teacher's Note:
a) Fries and chips are rich in starch and fats, the digestion of which is completed primarily in the small intestine.
b) Although starch digestion begins in the mouth, fat digestion and complete breakdown occur in the small intestine.

(xv) Allium cepa is the scientific name of [1 Mark]
1. China rose
2. Onion
3. Potato
4. Maize

Answer: (2) Onion

Teacher's Note:
a) Allium cepa is the binomial nomenclature for the common onion.
b) Learn standard scientific names of common plants and animals included in the syllabus.

Question 2

(i) Name the following: [5 Marks]
(a) Substances produced by microbes that are effective against other pathogenic microbes.
(b) Condition in which carpels of a flower mature earlier than stamens.
(c) Medicines made by the combination of penicillin and sulpha drugs.
(d) Process by which the dormant embryo of the seed forms a seedling.
(e) The type of parenchyma which contains chloroplasts.

Answer:
(a) Antibiotics
(b) Protogyny
(c) Pentidsulph
(d) Germination
(e) Chlorenchyma

Teacher's Note:
a) Ensure precise scientific terms are used for biological definitions.
b) Protogyny refers to female reproductive organs maturing before male organs in flowers.

(ii) Match the following: [5 Marks]

Answer:
1. Porifera - c. Body has canal system
2. Nemathelminthes - d. Triploblastic body
3. Echinodermata - a. Locomotion by tube feet
4. Mollusca - e. Excretion by metanephridia
5. Chordata - b. Excretion by protonephridia (the official key shows matching as: 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-e, 5-d; note that chordate excretion involves kidneys/nephridia while nemathelminthes are pseudocoelomate triploblastic animals - matching per official scheme: 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-e, 5-d)

Teacher's Note:
a) Match phyla carefully with their characteristic features as given in the textbook.
b) Porifera are characterized by a water canal system, and Echinoderms use tube feet for locomotion.

(iii) State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct and rewrite the false statements. [5 Marks]
(a) Bending of long bones is a symptom of pellagra.
(b) The lateral meristem helps in the growth of the plants lengthwise.
(c) Mosquitoes contaminate the food by depositing their excreta.
(d) The enamel protects the teeth from wear and tear.
(e) The Red Cross is an international agency only.

Answer:
(a) False. Correct statement: Bending of long bones is a symptom of rickets.
(b) False. Correct statement: The lateral meristem helps in the growth of the plants in girth/thickness (apical meristem helps in lengthwise growth).
(c) False. Correct statement: Houseflies contaminate the food by depositing their excreta (or mosquitoes spread diseases through bites).
(d) True.
(e) False. Correct statement: The Red Cross is an international as well as national agency (International Red Cross and Indian Red Cross Society).

Teacher's Note:
a) When correcting false statements, ensure the replacement term accurately corrects the scientific error.
b) Do not simply write False; rewriting the complete corrected statement is mandatory.

(iv) State one point of difference between the following pairs on the basis of what is indicated in the brackets. [5 Marks]
(a) Plant cell and animal cell [reserve food material]
(b) Tuberculosis and diphtheria [causative organism]
(c) Thoracic region and caudal region [number of vertebrae]
(d) Vitamin B₆ and Vitamin B₁₁ [function]
(e) Respiration and photosynthesis [end products]

Answer:
(a) Plant cell stores food as starch, whereas animal cell stores food as glycogen.
(b) Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whereas diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
(c) Thoracic region has 12 vertebrae, whereas caudal region has 4 fused vertebrae (in humans).
(d) Vitamin B₆ helps in amino acid metabolism and red blood cell formation, whereas Vitamin B₁₁ (folic acid) helps in DNA synthesis and red blood cell maturation.
(e) Respiration produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy, whereas photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen.

Teacher's Note:
a) Restrict the difference strictly to the parameter requested in brackets.
b) Ensure precise scientific names and numbers are quoted for biological comparisons.

(v) Choose the odd one out and name the category to which the others belong: [5 Marks]
(a) Centrosome, Vacuole, Cell wall, Plastid
(b) Trachea, Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx
(c) Glucose, Sucrose, Galactose, Fructose
(d) Scabies, Sleeping sickness, Malaria, Amoebic dysentery
(e) Animal feed, Bagasse, Animal waste, Plastic packing

Answer:
(a) Odd one out: Centrosome. Category: Plant cell inclusions/organelles (others are found exclusively or characteristically in plant cells).
(b) Odd one out: Mouth. Category: Parts of the respiratory tract / trachea.
(c) Odd one out: Sucrose. Category: Monosaccharides.
(d) Odd one out: Scabies. Category: Protozoan diseases.
(e) Odd one out: Plastic packing. Category: Biodegradable waste / organic waste.

Teacher's Note:
a) Identify the common category linking three items before picking the odd one out.
b) State both the odd item and the exact scientific category clearly.

SECTION B

(Attempt any four questions from this section.)

Question 3

(i) Why is maize grain considered a fruit? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Maize grain is considered a fruit because the fruit wall and the seed coat are fused to form a protective layer, making it a grain (caryopsis).

Teacher's Note:
a) In cereal grains like maize, the pericarp and testa are fused together.
b) Mention the fusion of fruit wall and seed coat for full credit.

(ii) State the functions of: [2 Marks]
(a) Skull
(b) Pectoral girdle

Answer:
(a) Skull: Protects the brain, optic orbits, and olfactory sacs.
(b) Pectoral girdle: Provides support to the anterior portion of the body and articulates with the forelimbs.

Teacher's Note:
a) State distinct protective and supportive functions for skeletal components.
b) Keep answers concise and direct.

(iii) State the role of nitrifying bacteria. [2 Marks]

Answer:
Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites and subsequently into nitrates during the nitrogen cycle, a process known as nitrification, making nitrogen available to plants.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention both steps of nitrification (ammonia to nitrites, and nitrites to nitrates).
b) Highlight the ecological importance of making nitrogen usable for plants.

(iv) List any two characteristics of striated muscles. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The cells are multi-nucleated (syncytial).
2. They are long, cylindrical, unbranched, and show alternate dark and light bands.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention voluntary nature or striations as key identifying features.
b) Restrict to exactly two points as requested.

(v) The given figure shows the structure of chloroplast. [3 Marks]
[Figure: Structure of a chloroplast showing outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, and granum labeled 1 to 4]
(a) In which type of cell, the above organelle is present?
(b) Label parts 1-4.
(c) What is the function of this structure?

Answer:
(a) Plant cell.
(b) 1 - Outer membrane, 2 - Inner membrane, 3 - Stroma, 4 - Granum.
(c) The major function of the chloroplast is to conduct photosynthesis, trapping solar energy to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water.

Teacher's Note:
a) Label chloroplast parts in correct sequential order from outer to inner structures.
b) State photosynthesis clearly as the primary physiological role.

Question 4

(i) Define double fertilisation. [1 Mark]

Answer:
The process of fusion of one male gamete with the egg nucleus (syngamy) and another male gamete with the polar nuclei (triple fusion) in flowering plants is called double fertilisation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention both syngamy and triple fusion to complete the definition.
b) This is a unique characteristic feature of angiosperms.

(ii) Write the expanded form of: [2 Marks]
(a) NFCP
(b) CDRI

Answer:
(a) NFCP: National Filaria Control Programme
(b) CDRI: Central Drug Research Institute (the official key lists Central Dairy Research Institute; Central Drug Research Institute is scientifically accurate for medical research context)

Teacher's Note:
a) Memorize exact standard expansions of health and research organizations.
b) Spell out each word correctly without spelling errors.

(iii) What is the role of the pollen tube in fertilisation? [2 Marks]

Answer:
The pollen tube grows out of the pollen grain, digests its way through the stigma and style using enzymes, and carries the male gametes safely to the ovule inside the ovary for fertilisation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Emphasize the transport medium role for male gametes.
b) Mention enzymatic digestion of style tissues.

(iv) Ascaris is an intestinal parasite of humans. It is the most common worm infection causing Ascariasis. How does Ascaris spread itself? [2 Marks]

Answer:
The female Ascaris lays thousands of eggs per day which pass out with faeces into the soil. These contaminate vegetables and fruits, and infection spreads to humans through unwashed hands or unwashed raw vegetables containing microscopic eggs.

Teacher's Note:
a) Trace the fecal-oral route of transmission clearly.
b) Mention contamination of soil and vegetables.

(v) The given figure shows a type of plant tissue. [3 Marks]
[Figure: Cross-section of plant tissue showing thin-walled cells with intercellular spaces and chloroplasts (parenchyma)]
(a) Identify the tissue.
(b) Label parts 1 and 2.
(c) List any two characteristics of this tissue.

Answer:
(a) Parenchyma tissue.
(b) 1 - Cytoplasm, 2 - Vacuole.
(c) 1. Thin-walled living cells. 2. Intercellular spaces present between the cells.

Teacher's Note:
a) Identify plant tissues correctly based on cell wall thickness and intercellular spaces.
b) List distinct structural features like large vacuoles and thin cellulose walls.

Question 5

(i) Name the bacteria that converts nitrites to nitrates. [1 Mark]

Answer:
Nitrobacter

Teacher's Note:
a) Nitrobacter oxidizes nitrites into nitrates.
b) Distinguish between Nitrosomonas (ammonia to nitrite) and Nitrobacter (nitrite to nitrate).

(ii) Who collects the garbage from the bins placed in our surroundings? Where do they carry this garbage? [2 Marks]

Answer:
Safai karamcharis collect garbage from bins. They carry the garbage in trucks and take it to a low-lying open area called a landfill for disposal.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention both municipal workers and the final disposal site (landfill).
b) Keep answers direct and sequential.

(iii) Under what conditions does the breathing rate increase? [2 Marks]

Answer:
The breathing rate increases during vigorous physical exercise or strenuous activity due to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood, which stimulates the respiratory center.

Teacher's Note:
a) Link increased breathing rate to carbon dioxide buildup.
b) Mention physical exertion as the primary trigger.

(iv) List two functions of WHO. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. To promote and support projects for research on diseases such as cancer.
2. To collect and supply information about the occurrence of epidemic diseases such as cholera, plague, and yellow fever.

Teacher's Note:
a) State recognized international health service functions of WHO.
b) Restrict strictly to two points.

(v) Observe the given cell and answer the questions based on it. [3 Marks]
[Figure: Plant cell showing vacuole (X), Golgi apparatus (W), ribosomes (Y), and lysosome (Z)]
(a) Identify W, X, Y and Z.
(b) What is the covering membrane of X known as?
(c) What are the functions of X?

Answer:
(a) W - Golgi apparatus, X - Vacuole, Y - Ribosomes, Z - Lysosome.
(b) Tonoplast.
(c) Functions of X (vacuole): Acts as a storehouse for water-soluble pigments and waste products, and stores useful minerals and salts.

Teacher's Note:
a) Identify cellular organelles correctly from standard diagrams.
b) Remember that tonoplast is the specific name for the vacuolar membrane in plant cells.

Question 6

(i) What is the main objective of the Red Cross Society? [1 Mark]

Answer:
The main objective of the Red Cross Society is to perform activities which prevent or remove human suffering, especially during times of war and peace.

Teacher's Note:
a) Emphasize humanitarian relief and alleviation of suffering.
b) Mention both war and peacetime humanitarian services.

(ii) How can we recognize Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes? [2 Marks]

Answer:
Anopheles mosquito rests with its body at an angle to the surface, whereas Culex mosquito keeps its body more or less parallel to the surface.

Teacher's Note:
a) Posture during resting is the key diagnostic feature distinguishing the two.
b) Anopheles forms an angle while Culex is parallel.

(iii) The stomach secretes gastric juice which contains hydrochloric acid. What is its function? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. It kills bacteria present in ingested food.
2. It activates pepsinogen into active pepsin to digest proteins.

Teacher's Note:
a) State both bactericidal and enzyme-activating roles of hydrochloric acid.
b) Essential for creating an acidic medium in the stomach.

(iv) How are respiration and burning similar and how are they different? Write two points for each. [2 Marks]

Answer:
Similarities:
1. Both require oxygen.
2. Both produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Differences:
1. Respiration is a biochemical process occurring in living cells via enzymes, whereas burning is a physico-chemical process.
2. Respiration occurs in a series of slow steps at body temperature, whereas burning is a rapid single-step process releasing heat suddenly.

Teacher's Note:
a) Differentiate clearly between cellular enzymatic oxidation and non-cellular combustion.
b) List exactly two similarities and two differences as requested.

(v) The figures A and B given below represent the ways of heat regulation in our body with the help of blood vessels. Study the figures and answer the following questions: [3 Marks]
[Figure: Capillary loops showing vasoconstriction in A (heat retained) and vasodilation in B (heat lost by convection and radiation)]
(a) Name the process/condition shown in figures A and B.
(b) During what climatic conditions do these processes occur in our body?
(c) Do these situations occur due to emotional causes? If yes, name them.

Answer:
(a) Figure A shows Vasoconstriction and Figure B shows Vasodilation.
(b) Vasoconstriction occurs in cold weather, whereas vasodilation occurs in hot weather.
(c) Yes; emotional problems such as stress or fear cause vasoconstriction (tightening blood vessels), and strong emotions can cause rapid breathing and vasodilation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Relate blood vessel diameter changes to body temperature regulation.
b) Note that nervous and emotional stimuli can also trigger vascular responses.

Question 7

(i) How does Vibrio cholerae cause death? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Severe dehydration and loss of water and salts due to continuous diarrhea and vomiting lead to circulatory collapse and death.

Teacher's Note:
a) Emphasize severe dehydration and electrolyte loss.
b) Mention circulatory failure as the final cause of mortality.

(ii) Name the body structure concerned with the given functional activity:
(a) Helps to increase the volume of the chest cavity lengthwise.
(b) Protects the lungs from mechanical injury. [2 Marks]

Answer:
(a) Diaphragm.
(b) Ribs (and rib cage / sternum).

Teacher's Note:
a) Diaphragm contraction flattens it, increasing chest cavity length.
b) Rib cage forms a bony protective enclosure around thoracic organs.

(iii) Draw a neat and well-labelled diagram of the human alimentary canal. [2 Marks]

Answer:
[Figure: Diagram of human alimentary canal showing oral cavity, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum]
1. Oral cavity & salivary glands
2. Oesophagus
3. Stomach, liver, pancreas
4. Small and large intestine

Teacher's Note:
a) Diagrams must be neat, clean, and properly proportioned with clear pointer lines.
b) Essential labels include stomach, liver, pancreas, and intestines.

(iv) State two differences between cartilaginous fish and bony fish. [2 Marks]

Answer:

Teacher's Note:
a) Use a tabular format for clear differentiation.
b) Mention endoskeleton composition and gill covers (operculum) as primary points.

(v) Study the given figure and answer the questions based on it: [3 Marks]
[Figure: Transverse section of bone showing canaliculi (1), Haversian canal (2), and osteocytes (3)]
(a) What does the given figure show?
(b) Label parts 1-3.
(c) What is the function of part 1?

Answer:
(a) Transverse section of bone (Haversian system / osteon).
(b) 1 - Canaliculi, 2 - Haversian canal, 3 - Osteocytes.
(c) Part 2 (Haversian canal) contains blood vessels and nerves which provide nourishment and oxygen to the bone cells (osteocytes).

Teacher's Note:
a) Identify histological structures of bone correctly.
b) Haversian canals contain vascular supplies essential for bone tissue metabolism.

Question 8

(i) What is an epidemic disease? Give one example. [1 Mark]

Answer:
An epidemic disease is a disease that spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people in a specific area at the same time, e.g., plague or cholera.

Teacher's Note:
a) Define epidemic based on sudden widespread occurrence within a community.
b) Provide a standard communicable disease example.

(ii) Why do seeds that are sown very deep inside the soil fail to germinate? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. There is insufficient supply of oxygen required for aerobic respiration and germination.
2. There is inadequate mechanical pushing force in the embryonic parts to break through deep upper layers of soil.

Teacher's Note:
a) Emphasize lack of oxygen and excessive mechanical pressure at great depths.
b) Both oxygen and stored food utilization are vital for initial seedling emergence.

(iii) Briefly explain the role of the following health aids:
(a) Antiseptics
(b) Disinfectants [2 Marks]

Answer:
(a) Antiseptics: Mild chemical substances applied to living tissues to prevent the growth of bacteria and destroy pathogens (e.g., tincture of iodine).
(b) Disinfectants: Strong chemical substances used on non-living objects and surfaces to kill microorganisms (e.g., phenol).

Teacher's Note:
a) Differentiate based on application surfaces (living tissues for antiseptics vs. inanimate objects for disinfectants).
b) Give appropriate examples for each category.

(iv) Why are proteins an integral part of our diet? [2 Marks]

Answer:
Proteins provide the essential building blocks (amino acids) required for growth, tissue repair, synthesis of enzymes and hormones, and can act as an energy source during starvation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Emphasize body-building and tissue repair functions.
b) Mention enzymatic and hormonal roles.

(v) Explain what is a synovial joint and list its types. [3 Marks]

Answer:
A synovial joint is a freely movable joint where the articulating surfaces of bones are enclosed in a fluid-filled synovial cavity lubricated with synovial fluid.
Types of synovial joints:
1. Hinge joint
2. Ball and socket joint
3. Pivot joint
4. Gliding joint

Teacher's Note:
a) Define synovial joints by mentioning the synovial cavity and lubricating fluid.
b) List at least three or four major types of synovial joints for full marks.