GSEB Class 9 English Solutions Chapter 10 Ecology for Peace

(A) Write your ideas in this table. Work in pairs.

(B) Discuss this statement in group and present the main points to the class. (Classroom discussion)

IF WE SAVE NATURE, SHE WILL SAVE US.

(C) Sing these lines in chorus. Write its meaning in brief.

(a) ઈશનું રાજ્ય છે આખું,
જે જે આ અવની વિશે,
ત્યાગીને ભોગવી જાણો,
મા વાંછો ધન અન્યનું.
The whole Universe, including [everything on] this earth, is the kingdom of God. Do not seek the wealth of others, but if you can, learn to sacrifice and enjoy.

(b) सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः सर्वे सन्तु निरामया।
सर्वे भद्राणी पश्यन्तु माँ कश्चिद् दुःखमाप्नुयात।।
May all be happy and prosperous.
May all be free from illness.
May all see what is spiritually uplifting
May no one see sorrow or suffering.

Vocabulary

1. Tick mark the nearest meaning.

Question 1. What is the meaning of 'chase'?
(a) run fast
(b) follow to catch
(c) I walk behind someone
(d) I overtake
Answer: (b) follow to catch
In simple words: To 'chase' means to go after someone or something to try and catch it. Following behind with the goal of catching is the closest meaning here.

Exam Tip: For vocabulary questions, consider all options and choose the one that most precisely matches the meaning of the given word or phrase.

Question 2. philosophy :
(a) religion
(b) talking big
(c) wisdom
(d) thinking on life related ideas
Answer: (d) thinking on life related ideas
In simple words: Philosophy involves thinking deeply about life, existence, knowledge, values, and other important ideas. It is a way of understanding the world and our place in it.

Exam Tip: Understand that philosophy is more about deep thought and inquiry into fundamental questions than just a specific religion or simple wisdom.

Question 3. prosperity :
(a) improve quality
(b) save
(c) enrichment
(d) proper development
Answer: (c) enrichment
In simple words: Prosperity refers to a condition of being successful, usually by making a lot of money, or having a lot of wealth and good fortune. Enrichment means to make something richer or better, which is close to prosperity.

Exam Tip: Connect "prosperity" with ideas of wealth, success, and well-being. "Enrichment" also suggests making life better or more plentiful.

Question 4. embrace:
(a) touch
(b) improve
(c) love
(d) accommodate
Answer: (a) touch
In simple words: To embrace can mean to hold someone closely in your arms, which is a type of touch. It can also mean to accept or support an idea willingly.

Exam Tip: Remember that "embrace" has multiple meanings; in this context, "touch" is the most direct physical synonym, while it can also mean to accept an idea fully.

Question 5. vegetation:
(a) plants and trees
(b) follow to catch
(c) vegetable plants
(d) crop in the field
Answer: (a) plants and trees
In simple words: Vegetation describes all the plants and trees found in a particular area. It covers all forms of plant life, not just vegetables or crops.

Exam Tip: Recognize "vegetation" as a general term for all plant life, including various plants and trees, not just those grown for food.

Question 6. renounce :
(a) reproduce
(b) renaming
(c) saying no to something
(d) announce
Answer: (c) saying no to something
In simple words: To renounce means to formally give up a claim, right, or possession, or to state publicly that you no longer believe in something. It is essentially refusing or saying no to something.

Exam Tip: The word "renounce" implies a clear and often public rejection or giving up of something, aligning with "saying no to something."

2. Fill in the blanks using the words given in the brackets.
(ancient, species, snatch, greed, evolution, abode)

(1) Midas had a ______ for collecting money.
Answer: Midas had a greed for collecting money.
In simple words: King Midas was very desirous of money, meaning he had a strong desire for it.

Exam Tip: The context of "collecting money" points to an excessive desire, which is "greed."

(2) Patan is an ______ city.
Answer: Patan is an ancient city.
In simple words: Patan is a very old city. This means it has existed for a long time.

Exam Tip: The term "ancient" best describes a city that has existed for a very long period, implying historical significance.

(3) The Gir forest is an ______ of the lions.
Answer: The Gir forest is an abode of the lions.
In simple words: The Gir forest serves as a home or dwelling place for lions. This is where the lions live.

Exam Tip: "Abode" is a more formal word for home or dwelling, fitting the context of where an animal lives naturally.

(4) Beware of monkeys, they might ______ eatables from your hand.
Answer: Beware of monkeys, they might snatch eatables from your hand.
In simple words: Monkeys might quickly and forcefully take food away from your hand. They could suddenly grab it.

Exam Tip: The word "snatch" implies taking something quickly and perhaps rudely or illegally, which is typical behavior for monkeys taking food.

(5) Man, as a ______, has the same place on this earth as other ______ have.
Answer: Man, as a species, has the same place on this earth as other species have.
In simple words: Humans, as a distinct type of living being, have an equal status on Earth compared to other types of living beings. All living types are important.

Exam Tip: "Species" refers to a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding, which is the biological classification needed here.

3. Answer these questions using one or more words from the glossary.

Question 1. Why does man have more responsibilities than other species ?
Answer: Man has more responsibilities than other species because he is the crown of creation and he must protect the other species.
In simple words: Humans have more duties than other living things since we are considered the best of all creations. This means we should keep other species safe.

Exam Tip: When discussing human responsibility in ecology, emphasize humanity's unique role as "crown of creation" and its resulting duty to protect other life forms.

Question 2. Inanimate things become animate beings through the process of evolution.
Answer: Inanimate things become animate beings through the process of evolution.
In simple words: Things that are not alive can gain life through the ongoing process of evolution. This is how non-living things slowly change to become living things over time.

Exam Tip: Focus on "evolution" as the key concept for how non-living matter transitions into living forms, highlighting it as a natural, gradual process.

Question 3. What will bring peace to man ?
Answer: Living in peace with nature, divine forces and ultimately himself will bring peace to man.
In simple words: If people live calmly with nature, spiritual powers, and themselves, they will find inner peace. Harmony with all these elements leads to true peace.

Exam Tip: The path to human peace involves harmonious existence with the natural world, spiritual aspects, and one's own inner self.

Question 4. Which aspect is the most important for creating and maintaining peace on the earth ?
Answer: Ahimsa or non-violence is the most important aspect for creating and maintaining peace on the earth.
In simple words: The most crucial part for making and keeping peace on our planet is ahimsa, which means not being violent. Practicing non-violence is key for global peace.

Exam Tip: Highlight "Ahimsa" (non-violence) as the fundamental principle for fostering and sustaining peace globally, connecting it to the core teachings about peaceful existence.

Question 5. Why should we be grateful to our rishis?
Answer: We should be grateful to our rishis because they taught us that every matter in the universe is living-in the process of evolution – and so we should practice ahimsa or non violence.
In simple words: We should thank our ancient sages because they explained that everything in the world is alive and constantly evolving. Because of this teaching, we should always choose to be non-violent.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the rishis' teachings on the living nature of all matter and the process of evolution, which leads to the ethical practice of ahimsa (non-violence).

Comprehension

1. Write [√] if you agree or DA if you do not agree with these statements.

(1) Real peace means absence of war on this earth. [DA]
Answer: [DA]
In simple words: This statement suggests that true peace means no war, but this is a disagreement. Real peace is more than just stopping conflict; it involves harmony with nature, divine forces, and oneself.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between the mere absence of conflict and a deeper, more comprehensive understanding of peace that involves various forms of harmony.

(2) To become happier, we should collect and consume as much as we can. [DA]
Answer: [DA]
In simple words: This statement says that gaining and using many things leads to happiness, but this is incorrect. True happiness comes from being satisfied with what we have, not from endless wanting.

Exam Tip: Remember that material accumulation does not guarantee happiness; true contentment often comes from satisfaction and a lack of greed.

(3) According to our ancient rishis, nothing is lifeless in this universe. [A]
Answer: [A]
In simple words: This statement, which is correct, reflects the belief of ancient sages that every single thing in the world has life. They saw life in everything.

Exam Tip: Recall the philosophical perspective of ancient rishis who perceived life and interconnectedness in all elements of the universe, not just traditionally "living" things.

(4) We will thrive only if we take care of ecology. [A]
Answer: [A]
In simple words: This statement is true; humans will only do well if we protect our environment. Our well-being depends on taking good care of nature.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the critical link between ecological care and human survival/prosperity, recognizing that our well-being is deeply tied to the health of the environment.

(5) Kalidas wanted to kill a deer with his arrow. [DA]
Answer: [DA]
In simple words: This statement claims Kalidas wanted to harm a deer, but this is wrong. In the story, King Dushyant was stopped from hunting the deer by Kanva's disciples, who spoke against harming the innocent creature.

Exam Tip: Be mindful of specific plot details in literary references; in Kalidas's play, the act of hunting is discouraged, highlighting the value of non-violence.

(6) Together we progress or together we perish. [A]
Answer: [A]
In simple words: This statement is correct. It means that we either advance as a group or we all suffer and fail. Our shared future depends on working together.

Exam Tip: Recognize this as a principle of interdependence and collective destiny, where shared efforts lead to success, and divisions lead to failure.

2. Answer the questions.

Question 1. What are the universal values mentioned in this text ?
Answer: Preservation and prosperity of all the species, including mankind and the oneness of man and nature are the universal values mentioned in the text.
In simple words: The document discusses protecting and helping all living things, including people. It also talks about how humans and nature are one, and these are the main universal ideals mentioned.

Exam Tip: When asked about universal values, focus on overarching principles like ecological preservation, human well-being, and the unity between humanity and nature.

Question 2. How can giving up lead to peace ?
Answer: We should accept only things that are necessary for us. We should not snatch away what belongs to others or is required by others. This will lead to peace.
In simple words: We should only take what we truly need. We must not forcefully take what belongs to others or what others require. Doing this will help us achieve peace.

Exam Tip: Connect the act of "giving up" or renouncing excessive desires with the concept of peace, emphasizing that contentment and respect for others' needs are vital.

Question 3. What should we not do to make this earth a peaceful home for all ?
Answer: We should not keep others away from having what we actually don't need. We should not destroy animals, birds, trees or other aspects of nature to make this earth a peaceful home for all.
In simple words: We must avoid taking things from others that we ourselves do not need. Also, we must not harm animals, birds, trees, or other parts of nature. This helps make the world a calm place for everyone.

Exam Tip: To promote global peace, avoid greed and exploitation, and actively protect all forms of life and natural elements on Earth.

Question 4. What do you like about the Indian culture ?
Answer: Ahimsa or non-violence is what I like about the Indian culture.
In simple words: What I appreciate most about Indian culture is its emphasis on ahimsa, which means not being violent towards any living thing. This value is truly admirable.

Exam Tip: When asked about positive aspects of Indian culture, highlighting "Ahimsa" is a strong answer as it represents a core ethical principle.

Question 5. How do the Jain sadhus take care of the smallest of living beings ?
Answer: Jain sadhus put a cloth on their mouths, drink boiled water and do not take food before sunrise and after sunset so that they do not destroy even the smallest bacteria.
In simple words: Jain monks cover their mouths with a cloth, only drink water that has been boiled, and avoid eating at certain times. They do all this to avoid harming tiny organisms, even bacteria.

Exam Tip: For this question, specify the unique practices of Jain sadhus (mouth cloth, boiled water, eating times) that demonstrate their commitment to non-violence towards all living things.

Question 6. Write three things you will try not to do according to this text.
Answer:
• I will not snatch away what belongs to others or is required by others.
• I will not keep others away from having what I do not need.
• I will not destroy trees, animals, birds and other things in nature.
In simple words: I will avoid taking things from others that are theirs or that they need. I will also make sure not to prevent others from getting things I don't need myself. Lastly, I will not harm any part of nature, including trees, animals, or birds.

Exam Tip: Focus on actions that promote respect for others' possessions and needs, and demonstrate responsibility towards the environment by avoiding destruction.

3. Explain these ideas in three to four sentences.

Question 1. Explain the statement: All living beings have the same right to live and thrive.
Answer: The whole world is like one single unit. Though all living beings and species are different from one another, we share the same home – the earth. We must learn to live together peacefully. All living beings on this earth have the same right to live and progress.
In simple words: Our entire planet is like a single home for everyone. Even though all living things are unique, we all live on this same Earth. It is essential for us to learn how to live calmly together, as every creature deserves to survive and grow.

Exam Tip: Emphasize the concept of global unity and interdependence, highlighting that diversity exists within a shared planetary home and requires peaceful coexistence for all life to flourish.

Question 2. Explain the statement: That peace, I pray, embrace my being.
Answer: Peace does not mean 'no-war'. It also does not mean peace between people and countries. True peace can prevail only when man lives in peace with nature, divine forces and himself also. Peace means protecting and preserving nature.
In simple words: This phrase means wishing for deep, true peace to enter one's entire self. It's more than just a lack of fighting; it means living in harmony with the natural world, spiritual powers, and one's own inner self. It truly involves protecting and looking after nature.

Exam Tip: Explain that "peace" extends beyond the absence of conflict to include harmony with nature, divine elements, and self, emphasizing environmental preservation as a component of true peace.

Question 3. Explain the statement: There is enough for everyone's need but not for their greed.
Answer: We should not snatch away what belongs to others or is required by others. We should not keep others away from having what we actually don't need. There is enough for everyone's need. We should be satisfied and happy with what we have. But if we are greedy, nothing will make us happy.
In simple words: This means the world has sufficient resources for everyone to meet their basic needs, but not enough to satisfy endless desires or excessive wanting. We must avoid taking things from others unnecessarily and instead be content with what we possess. Greed leads to unhappiness.

Exam Tip: Focus on the distinction between "need" and "greed," arguing that sufficiency exists for basic requirements, but excessive desires lead to scarcity and unhappiness.

Question 4. Explain the statement: We have a global heart.
Answer: Our Indian culture has given us a heart as big as the earth. It teaches us ahimsa or non-violence. We have taught the world the true philosophy of peace and harmony. So we have a global heart.
In simple words: Our Indian culture has instilled in us a very large and generous heart, like the Earth itself. It guides us in the practice of non-harm and non-violence. We have shared the deep wisdom of peace and unity with the entire world, showing our universal compassion.

Exam Tip: Connect the idea of a "global heart" to Indian cultural values like ahimsa, universal peace, and harmony, highlighting India's contribution to global well-being.

Language Practice

Krina is asked by her teacher to describe her family members. Read the description and notice the words highlighted.

(1) Krina's sister :
Krupali is my elder sister. She is as beautiful as a film star. She is 18 years old. She has just joined college. She is of medium height. She has got short, brown hair. She has got a diamond-shaped face. Her large, blue eyes make her more attractive. She always carries a smile on her face that makes her look pretty. She is good at making friends as she is talkative, cheerful and outgoing. Although she is friendly with everyone, she doesn't like people who are critical of her actions. I love her a lot.

(2) Krina's mother :
The most loving person in my life is my mother, Geeta. She is a home - maker. She is a middle-aged woman, in her forties. Even at this age, she looks beautiful. She is tall and thin. I like her thick, long, straight, black hair. She is very kind and easy-going. She always talks with people politely. She is a responsible, dependable and a patient woman. She is the closest person to me in my life.

(3) Krina's brother :
Krutarth is my younger brother. He studies in 9th class. He is fairly short and slightly overweight. His round face makes him look cute. He is fond of changing his hairstyles. Earlier he had long hair, but nowadays he keeps crew-cut style. Although he is fashionable, he is shy by nature. He loves painting and he is creative too. He is very possessive about his things. At the same time he is lazy too, especially in his homework.

1. Now list out the words used to describe 'physical features' and 'other qualities'.

2. Study the words and expressions used to describe people in the table below.

Age: young, middle-aged, elderly, old, teenager, adult, in his / her early / mid / late 20s (30s, etc.)
Height : short, fairly short, medium or average height, pretty, tall
Boy: fat, plump, overweight, thin, skinny, slim, sturdy, well-built, muscular
Hair: dark, red, blond (light-colored), long, short, straight, curly, shoulder length, bald, ponytail
Skin: fair, dark, pale, light, chocolate-colored
Eyes : dark, big, slanted, almond-shaped, thick eyelids, blue / green

Work in pairs. Describe yourself and your partner using at least five expressions mentioned above.

(2) Read the following conversation :

Neha: Hello ! I am looking for someone. His name is Mr Anurag.
Information counter :Well, what does he - look like ?
Neha: He's pretty tall, with short hair. And he generally wears kurta.
Information counter: OK. And how old is he?
Neha: He's about 40, I guess.
Information counter : Does he wear glasses ?
Neha :Yes, he does. He also keeps a moustache and a beard.
Information counter: Oh, it must be Patil Sir then. He will be around the Water Projects section.
Neha: Thank you. I'll go and look for him.

4. Answer the questions in one or two words.

Question 1. How old is your brother/sister/ mother/father ?
Answer: 10 years/16 years/42 years/45 years
In simple words: The ages provided are examples for a brother, sister, mother, and father. You would state the age for each family member as appropriate.

Exam Tip: For personal questions like this, provide an age for each family member asked, ensuring the answer format matches the "one or two words" instruction as much as possible with numbers.

Question 2. What does he / she look like ?
Answer: cute / beautiful / graceful / handsome
In simple words: The person looks either cute, beautiful, graceful, or handsome. These are words used to describe their appearance in a positive way.

Exam Tip: When describing appearance in one or two words, choose adjectives that are positive and specific, like 'cute', 'beautiful', 'graceful', or 'handsome'.

Question 3. How tall is he / she ?
Answer: short / average height / medium height /tall
In simple words: The person's height is either short, of average height, medium height, or tall. You would choose the term that best describes their stature.

Exam Tip: Use common terms for height like 'short', 'tall', or 'average height' to describe a person's stature accurately.

Question 4. What colour is his / her hair ?
Answer: black / brown / black / black
In simple words: The hair color could be black or brown, depending on the individual. The examples show common hair colors.

Exam Tip: State the specific hair color, such as 'black' or 'brown', as requested, focusing on accuracy and brevity.

Question 5. What kind of hair does he/she have?
Answer: crew-cut / short / long / short
In simple words: The person has a crew-cut, or their hair is either short or long. These options describe the style or length of their hair.

Exam Tip: Describe hair type using common terms for length or style, like 'short', 'long', or 'crew-cut', as per the question's requirement.

Question 6. Does he / she wear glasses ?
Answer: No. / No. / No. / Yes.
In simple words: The answer depends on the individual. It can be no for some people and yes for others, showing whether they use eyeglasses.

Exam Tip: A direct "Yes" or "No" is appropriate here, clearly indicating if the person wears glasses.

Question 7. Does he (father) have a moustache ?
Answer: No
In simple words: The father does not have a moustache. This is a direct answer to the question about facial hair.

Exam Tip: Answer directly with "Yes" or "No" for questions about specific features, like a moustache.

Question 8. Does he (father) keep a beard ?
Answer: No
In simple words: The father does not have a beard. This is a clear response to the question regarding his facial hair.

Exam Tip: Provide a straightforward "Yes" or "No" when asked about the presence of a beard.

Question 9. What sort of clothes does he / she prefer to wear ?
Answer: shorts and T-shirt / jeans and T-shirt / sarees / trousers and shirt
In simple words: The preferred clothes include casual items like shorts and T-shirts, or jeans and T-shirts. For women, sarees are an option, and for men, trousers and shirts are also mentioned.

Exam Tip: When listing clothing preferences, give a variety of examples that fit the context, such as casual wear and traditional attire.

Question 10. What does he / she do?
Answer: study / study / housewife / businessman
In simple words: The person's occupation or activity is either studying, being a housewife, or working as a businessman. These are examples of what different people might do.

Exam Tip: Provide common roles or activities, such as 'study', 'housewife', or 'businessman', to describe what a person does.

5. I Sit with any of your classmates and write 7 to 10 questions about him/her. Then take turns asking and answering the questions. Write a note on your partner.

Example :
How tall is Jignesh ?
He is 5 tall.

Question 1. How old is Mayura ?
Answer: She is 13 years old.
In simple words: Mayura's age is 13 years. This tells us how old she is.

Exam Tip: State the age clearly and directly, using a specific number of years to answer questions about age.

Question 2. How tall is Mayura ?
Answer: She is 5' tall.
In simple words: Mayura's height is 5 feet. This tells us her physical height.

Exam Tip: When providing height, use standard units of measurement (e.g., feet and inches) and state the value precisely.

Question 3. What does she look like ?
Answer: She is beautiful. She has brown eyes and long, black hair.
In simple words: She looks lovely. Her eyes are brown, and she has long, black hair, which helps describe her appearance.

Exam Tip: Provide specific details about features like eyes and hair, along with a general descriptor like "beautiful," to create a clear picture of appearance.

Question 4. Where does she live ?
Answer: She is my neighbour.
In simple words: She lives next door to me. This means she is a person who resides very close to my home.

Exam Tip: A simple, direct answer like "She is my neighbour" effectively states her location relative to the speaker.

Question 5. What do her parents do ?
Answer: Her father is a lawyer and her mother is a teacher.
In simple words: Her dad works as a lawyer, and her mom works as a teacher. These are their jobs.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the professions of both parents, providing their specific roles as requested.

Question 6. How many brothers / sisters does she have ? What is his / her name ?
Answer: She has a younger brother. His name is Rohan.
In simple words: She has one younger brother named Rohan. This tells us about her siblings and their names.

Exam Tip: Specify the number and gender of siblings, and provide their names if asked, to give a complete answer.

Question 7. Is she good in her studies ?
Answer: Yes, she is good in her studies.
In simple words: Yes, she performs well in her academic work. She is a strong student.

Exam Tip: A direct "Yes" followed by a brief confirmation about her academic performance is sufficient for this type of question.

Question 8. What are her hobbies/interests?
Answer: She likes sports and music.
In simple words: Her favorite activities include sports and listening to music. These are her main interests.

Exam Tip: When asked about hobbies, list specific activities that the person enjoys, such as 'sports' and 'music'.

Question 9. What are her other qualities ?
Answer: She is kind, helpful and very active.
In simple words: Besides her other traits, she is also gentle, assists others, and is full of energy. These are some of her good characteristics.

Exam Tip: Describe positive character traits using adjectives like 'kind', 'helpful', and 'active' to show a well-rounded personality.

Question 10. How does she help you?
Answer: She helps with all my work. We study and play together. Mayura is my friend. She is 13 years old. She is 5 tall. She is tall. She has brown eyes. She has long, black hair. Mayura is my neighbour. Her father is a lawyer. Her mother is a teacher.
She has a younger brother. His name is Rohan. Mayura is good in her studies. She also likes sports and music. Mayura is kind, helpful and active. She helps me with all my work. We study and play together.
In simple words: She assists me with all my tasks, and we spend time learning and playing together. Mayura is my friend, 13 years old, and tall with brown eyes and long, black hair. She lives next door, and her parents are a lawyer and a teacher. She has a younger brother named Rohan, is good at school, enjoys sports and music, and is gentle and energetic.

Exam Tip: Detail the specific ways your friend provides assistance, such as helping with studies, and then give a comprehensive description of her personal details and qualities, as provided in the text.

6. Make a list of some qualities and habits of your English teacher in class VIII. Write a paragraph on that teacher, using the words you have enlisted. Here is an example of a passage on 'My Best Friend'. Read it and then write a passage on your 'best friend'.

My Best Friend
I think I am lucky because Sunil is my friend. He is 14 years old. He lives in the same town. He is my neighbour and we are classmates. (general information)
He is of medium height and well- built. He has black, curly hair. He has got a round face with black eyes. He has pointed nose and a small mouth. (physical description)
He is helpful, caring and honest. He tries his best to help others in problems. We have the same interests and tastes. I think as time goes by, our friendship will be deeper and stronger. (qualities and relationship)

Answer:
My Best Friend
Neha is my best friend. She is 14 years old. She is my classmate and my neighbour, too. We study and play together. Neha is tall and thin. She has an oval face. She has blue eyes. She has a fair skin. Neha is clever and helpful. She is very active. She is always ready to help everyone. Neha and I have the same hobbies. Both of us like painting, dancing and music. We also like to study. As time goes by, our friendship grows stronger and stronger.

Writing

Question 1. Look at these pictures and frame a story based on them. Use the words and phrases given below them. Give a proper title to the story. Work in pairs.
Answer:

The Lion and the Mosquitoes

A lion was lying under a bush. A swarm of mosquitoes was buzzing over him. After a while, the lion woke up. And he told himself, "I am so strong that I need not fear anyone on this earth!" The mosquitoes heard him. "Do not think that no one is stronger than you. Even we can challenge you," said one of them.
"Silence, you little insects!" roared the angry lion. "Mind you, I can crush the whole lot of you with a single paw!" The mosquitoes could not bear this. Their leader said, "Come on friends, let's show him our strength. He is boasting too much!" So the whole swarm of mosquitoes attacked the lion. They began to bite him all over! The lion jumped around furiously. He tried to kill the mosquitoes. But he could kill only a few of them. The swarm kept on biting him and never stopped. The lion jumped up and down. He ran madly around the bush. The lion was tired. He could not fight them back. At last, he urged, "Please stop biting. Take pity on me and leave me alone. Now, I know, I am not the strongest." The leader said, "Don't boast of your strength ever again."
In simple words: A lion under a bush was bothered by mosquitoes. The lion boasted about his strength, but the mosquitoes challenged him. They attacked, biting him continuously. The lion, unable to fight back and exhausted, asked them to stop, admitting he wasn't the strongest. The mosquitoes then told him not to brag again.

Exam Tip: When narrating a story from pictures, focus on descriptive language and maintaining a clear sequence of events. Use dialogue to bring characters to life and highlight the main conflict.

Question 2. Discuss in groups of five on 'Unity in Diversity - The Essential Characteristic of India'. Write a paragraph on it. You may use the following words, phrases and ideas.
Answer:

Unity in Diversity - The Essential Characteristic of India

'Unity in Diversity' means 'unity even after various differences'. This unity in diversity is the main characteristic of India. It is only in India that people of different religions, creeds, castes, languages, cultures, lifestyles, rituals of worship, etc., live together with harmony. People in India celebrate their festivals like Holi, Diwali, Eid, Christmas, etc., very peacefully without harming other religious people. Despite being from different cultures, traditions, religions, and languages, people respect each other and live together with much love and a feeling of brotherhood. People of all religions joined hands to free India from British rule. The freedom struggle is the greatest example of unity in diversity in India.
In simple words: 'Unity in Diversity' means people are united despite many differences. This is India's key feature. People of various religions, castes, and languages live together happily here. They celebrate festivals peacefully and show brotherhood. The fight for freedom was a strong example of this unity.

Exam Tip: When writing on a topic like "Unity in Diversity", make sure to give specific examples of how diversity is present (languages, religions, festivals) and how unity is maintained (respect, brotherhood, historical events like freedom struggle).

Comprehension

A. Read the extracts and answer the questions.
Answer:

(1) The Vedas sing about oneness of man and nature. The idea expressed in the ancient texts have universal value. We have always tried for the preservation and prosperity of all the species including mankind on this earth.

Question 1. What do the Vedas talk about ?
Answer: The Vedas speak about the oneness of man and nature.
In simple words: The Vedas discuss how humans and nature are connected as one.

Exam Tip: For passage-based questions, identify keywords in the question and find their direct mention in the passage to formulate your answer.

Question 2. What have we always tried ?
Answer: We have always worked for the preservation and prosperity of all species, including humanity, on this earth.
In simple words: We have always tried to save and help all living things, including people, on Earth.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to phrases like "always tried" to find actions or efforts consistently made by the subject mentioned.

Question 3. The ideas expressed in the ancient texts have....
Answer: The ideas explained in old writings hold universal worth.
In simple words: The thoughts found in ancient texts are important everywhere.

Exam Tip: When a question ends with ellipses (...), it usually asks you to complete the sentence based on the passage, so look for the concluding phrase.

(2) The Atharva Veda gives us a great idea: It means the whole world lives as one single unit like a nest. All the living beings have the same right to live and thrive. This can be achieved through co-living only.

Question 1. What does the Atharva Veda say about living beings ?
Answer: The Atharva Veda states that all living beings have the same right to live and flourish.
In simple words: The Atharva Veda says that every living thing has an equal right to exist and grow.

Exam Tip: Look for direct statements in the passage that attribute a specific teaching or idea to the mentioned source (e.g., "The Atharva Veda says...").

Question 2. How does the whole world live ?
Answer: The whole world lives as one single unit like a nest.
In simple words: Our entire world functions as a single home, like a bird's nest.

Exam Tip: Identify analogies or comparisons used in the passage to describe complex concepts in simpler terms, such as "like a nest."

Question 3. How can we live as one single unit ?
Answer: We can live as one single unit through co-living.
In simple words: We can all live together as one family by sharing life with each other.

Exam Tip: Look for solution-oriented phrases in the passage that explain "how" something can be achieved, often following a problem or challenge.

(3) We are the birds of the same nest. We may wear different skin, different clothes, speak different languages, believe in different religions, belong to different cultures - yet we share the same home: our earth! Born on the same planet, covered with the same sky, gazing at the same stars, breathing the same air, we must learn to progress and prosper together happily or perish together miserably.

Question 1. What must we learn ?
Answer: We must learn to move forward and be successful together happily or fail together sadly.
In simple words: We need to learn to grow and thrive happily as one, or we will all suffer together.

Exam Tip: The phrase "must learn" indicates a key takeaway or instruction from the passage, so directly extract that information.

Question 2. 'We are birds of the same nest.' How?
Answer: We are birds of the same nest because even though we have different skin, wear different clothes, speak different languages, believe in different religions, and belong to different cultures - we live in the same home: our earth.
In simple words: We are all like birds from the same nest because, despite our many differences in appearance, language, and beliefs, we all live together on Earth.

Exam Tip: When asked "How?", provide reasons or explanations from the text that support the given statement, detailing the contributing factors.

Question 3. What do we share?
Answer: We are born on the same planet, covered by the same sky, look at the same stars, and breathe the same air.
In simple words: We share the same planet, sky, stars, and air as everyone else.

Exam Tip: Look for lists of common elements or experiences that connect individuals or groups within the passage.

(4) Our idea of peace does not mean just a state of 'no-war', neither is it limited just to men or countries and communities. But it embraces the whole nature and the whole creation.

Question 1. What is our idea of peace ?
Answer: Our idea of peace includes all of nature and the entire creation.
In simple words: Our concept of peace covers all living things and the whole world around us.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to introductory phrases like "Our idea of peace does not mean... but it embraces..." to understand the comprehensive scope of the concept.

Question 2. To what is our idea of peace not limited ?
Answer: Our idea of peace is not only for men or countries and groups of people.
In simple words: Our peace idea isn't just for people, nations, or communities.

Exam Tip: Identify phrases that use "not limited to" or "neither...nor" to understand the boundaries and scope of a concept.

Question 3. What does our idea of peace embrace ?
Answer: Our idea of peace covers the whole nature and the entire creation.
In simple words: Our understanding of peace includes all of nature and everything created.

Exam Tip: The word "embrace" in the question points to what the concept includes or encompasses within the passage.

(5) Let's try to understand this shanti mantra from the same Atharva Veda:
May there be peace in heaven, peace in space, peace on earth.
May there be peace in trees, peace in vegetation and plants.
May there be peace in our gods and in entire creation.
May there be peace everywhere and be it only peace.
That peace, I pray, embrace my being!
This mantra warns us not to disturb nature, not to abuse, pollute or destroy our surroundings up to the heaven. In trying to master and get benefit of our ecology, we are simply destroying ourselves, our own nest. True peace will prevail only when man lives in peace with nature, divine forces and ultimately himself.

Question 1. What does the shanti mantra warn us ?
Answer: The shanti mantra tells us not to upset nature, not to misuse, damage, or spoil our surroundings up to the sky.
In simple words: The shanti mantra warns us not to harm or pollute nature and everything around us.

Exam Tip: Focus on phrases that express warnings or cautions, often indicated by words like "warns us not to" or "do not."

Question 2. What are we doing in trying to master ecology ?
Answer: When we try to control ecology, we are harming ourselves and our planet.
In simple words: By attempting to control nature, we are actually hurting ourselves and the Earth.

Exam Tip: Look for cause-and-effect statements in the passage that explain the consequences of human actions, especially when trying to "master" something.

Question 3. When will true peace prevail ?
Answer: True peace will take hold when man lives peacefully with nature, divine powers, and finally, himself.
In simple words: Real peace will happen only when humans live calmly with nature, spiritual forces, and themselves.

Exam Tip: The word "prevail" indicates the conditions under which a certain state or outcome will be achieved, so identify the preceding conditions.

(6) The wise rishi or seer of Ishavasya Upanishad gives us a wonderful advice: The rishi says: everything animate or inanimate that is within the universe is enlivened by the supreme power. One should therefore, accept only those things necessary for oneself. This world must be enjoyed by renouncing it. Moreover one must not snatch away what belongs to or is required by others. The whole creation is filled with the presence of God.

Question 1. What does the rishi say about everything that is animate and inanimate in the universe ?
Answer: The rishi states that everything living and non-living in the universe is given life by the supreme power.
In simple words: The sage says that a higher power brings life to all things, both alive and not alive, in the world.

Exam Tip: Look for direct quotes or clear statements from the sage/rishi that describe the nature of things in the universe.

Question 2. What should we accept ?
Answer: We should only take what is needed for ourselves.
In simple words: We should only accept things that are essential for our own use.

Exam Tip: Focus on prescriptive statements in the text, usually involving "should" or "must," which indicate advice on what actions to take.

Question 3. What should we not snatch away ?
Answer: We should not grab what belongs to others or what others need.
In simple words: We must not take things that belong to other people or that others require.

Exam Tip: The phrase "not snatch away" is a clear signal for prohibitions or what one should avoid doing, according to the text.

(7) This is a message against the animalistic greed of human beings. We should not, like a vulture, keep others away from having what we actually don't need. Gandhiji also said: 'There is enough on this earth for everybody's need, but not sufficient for one's greed.'

Question 1. What do we do because of our greed ?
Answer: Our greed stops others from getting what we do not require.
In simple words: Because of our selfishness, we prevent others from having things we don't even need.

Exam Tip: When the question asks "What do we do because of X?", look for the direct consequence or action mentioned in relation to "X."

Question 2. What did Gandhiji say?
Answer: Gandhiji explained that our planet has enough for everyone's requirements, but not enough for anyone's extreme wants.
In simple words: Gandhiji taught that there's plenty on Earth for all needs, but not enough for all greedy desires.

Exam Tip: Direct quotes from notable figures like Gandhiji should be reproduced accurately and attributed correctly.

(8) As the crown of creation, man must protect and not exploit and consume other animals. If man stopped destroying animals, trees or other aspects of nature, our world would become less violent and thus a peaceful abode for all.

Question 1. What must man do?
Answer: Man must protect and not misuse or eat other animals.
In simple words: Humans should guard other animals and not take advantage of them or use them up.

Exam Tip: The phrase "must do" directly asks for an imperative or a duty, so find the actions explicitly stated as obligations.

Question 2. How can we make the world less violent ?
Answer: We can make the world less violent if we stop hurting animals, trees, and other parts of nature.
In simple words: To make the world calmer, we need to stop harming animals, plants, and other natural things.

Exam Tip: Look for conditional statements ("If...then...") or cause-and-effect relationships that explain how a desired outcome (less violence) can be achieved.

(9) Mahavir Swami preached ahimsa (non-violence) to that extent that all Jain sadhus put a cloth on their mouth, drink boiled water and do not take food before sunrise and after sunset for not destroying even bacteria. Mahavir Swami believed that we should not disturb or hurt even a stone for a selfish purpose.

Question 1. What do the Jain sadhus do to protect the smallest creature ?
Answer: The Jain sadhus place a cloth on their mouths, consume boiled water, and do not eat before sunrise or after sunset to avoid killing even the tiniest bacteria.
In simple words: Jain monks cover their mouths, drink boiled water, and don't eat at certain times to protect even tiny germs.

Exam Tip: When the question asks about actions taken to protect something, list the specific practices or measures mentioned in the text.

Question 2. What did Mahavir Swami believe?
Answer: Mahavir Swami felt that we should not bother or harm even a rock for our own personal benefit.
In simple words: Mahavir Swami believed we shouldn't hurt anything, even a stone, for selfish reasons.

Exam Tip: Focus on statements introduced by "believed that" or similar phrases to identify the core tenets of a person's philosophy.

(10) Rishis believed that every matter in the universe is living. There is nothing like non-living. Everything is in a process of evolution. This was the realism of our ancient seers.

Question 1. What did the rishis believe?
Answer: Our rishis felt that every single thing in the universe has life.
In simple words: Ancient sages thought that everything in the world is alive.

Exam Tip: Directly extract the core belief or idea attributed to the "rishis" from the passage.

Question 2. What was the realism of our ancient seers ?
Answer: Everything in the universe is alive and undergoing a process of change. This was the practical view of our ancient sages.
In simple words: Our old seers believed that all things in the world are living and constantly changing.

Exam Tip: "Realism" refers to their understanding or perspective of reality, so find sentences that describe their view of the universe's fundamental nature.

(11) Mahakavi Kalidas has written a play: Abhijnan Shakuntalam. In a scene, King Dushyant of Bharatvarsh enters the ashram of Rishi Kanva. He is in his chariot, chasing a deer for hunting. Two disciples of Kanva saw him and immediately asked him not to shoot his arrows at the deer. They said: O king! Don't shoot, please, don't shoot the arrow at the tender body of this deer. It is as bad as putting fire on the heap of flowers.

Question 1. What was King Dushyant doing ?
Answer: King Dushyant was chasing a deer for hunting.
In simple words: King Dushyant was hunting a deer.

Exam Tip: Look for direct action verbs associated with the subject (King Dushyant) to identify what he was doing.

Question 2. Who stopped the king from hunting the deer ?
Answer: Two students of Kanva rishi stopped the king from hunting the deer.
In simple words: Two of Rishi Kanva's students made the king stop hunting the deer.

Exam Tip: Identify the characters who intervene or perform an action that directly addresses the question's premise.

Question 3. According to the disciples, shooting an arrow at the deer was ...
Answer: According to the students, shooting an arrow at the deer was as terrible as setting fire to a pile of flowers.
In simple words: The disciples said shooting the deer was like burning a pile of flowers.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to comparisons or analogies used by characters, especially when they describe the severity or nature of an action.

(12) This shows that ahimsa was very much in the blood of ancient people and it became the tradition of Indian culture. Our culture has given us a heart as big as this earth; we have a global heart. Ancient wisdom teaches the world the true philosophy of universal peace and harmony.

Question 1. What does the extract say about ahimsa ?
Answer: Ahimsa was deeply embedded in ancient people's way of life and became a long-standing practice in Indian culture.
In simple words: The passage says that non-violence was a core part of ancient Indian life and culture.

Exam Tip: Look for phrases that describe the importance, origin, or integration of "ahimsa" within a historical or cultural context.

Question 2. What does ancient wisdom teach the world ?
Answer: Old wisdom teaches the world the real idea of universal peace and balance.
In simple words: Ancient knowledge shows the world the true way to global peace and unity.

Exam Tip: Identify the key lessons or principles that "ancient wisdom" imparts to a broader audience (the world).

Question 3. What has our culture given us?
Answer: Our culture has provided us with a global heart, as vast as this planet.
In simple words: Our culture has given us a generous heart that cares for the whole world.

Exam Tip: Look for metaphors or descriptive phrases that illustrate the impact or gifts of "our culture."

B. Use the set of words in your own sentences.

Question 1. peace - to express
Answer: The saint has shown his wish for peace among the people.
In simple words: The holy person has shared his desire for peace among everyone.

Exam Tip: Construct a sentence that logically links the two given words, ensuring proper grammar and meaning.

Question 2. prosperity - to believe
Answer: People think that worshipping Goddess Lakshmi brings success to the house.
In simple words: People believe that praying to Goddess Lakshmi brings wealth to their homes.

Exam Tip: Your sentence should naturally combine both words in a way that reflects common understanding or a relevant context.

Question 3. to include - religion
Answer: The committee established by the sarpanch involves people from all religions.
In simple words: The committee set up by the sarpanch has members from every faith.

Exam Tip: Ensure that the chosen context for the sentence makes sense when using both words together.

Question 4. protect - species
Answer: Preservation and protection of the tiger and the lion is very necessary because they are endangered species.
In simple words: It's really important to save and guard tigers and lions because they are at risk of disappearing.

Exam Tip: When using inferred words, create a sentence that captures the essence of the surrounding content and uses both words clearly.

Question 5. nature - value
Answer: Children must be taught the importance of guarding the resources of nature.
In simple words: Kids should learn how important it is to protect natural resources.

Exam Tip: Think about the relationship between the two words; here, "value of nature" is a common concept.

Question 6. mankind - to achieve
Answer: Humanity has made a lot of advancement in the field of medical science.
In simple words: Humans have gained much success in health science.

Exam Tip: Consider historical or broad achievements when connecting a large group like "mankind" with "to achieve."

Question 7. ancient - text
Answer: This museum has saved writings like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata as they are our old epics.
In simple words: This museum keeps old books like the Ramayana and Mahabharata because they are our ancient stories.

Exam Tip: Use the words in a context that clearly demonstrates their meaning and connection, such as ancient texts being preserved in a museum.

Question 8. to thrive - harmony
Answer: People of all faiths and communities must coexist in peace and balance to flourish.
In simple words: Everyone, regardless of their beliefs, needs to live together peacefully to grow and succeed.

Exam Tip: Relate the concept of "thriving" to the conditions required for it, such as "harmony" among diverse groups.

Question 9. culture - message
Answer: Exchanging sweets and greetings of good wishes on festive events has been our culture for ages.
In simple words: Sharing sweets and good wishes during celebrations has been our cultural tradition for a long time.

Exam Tip: Focus on how "culture" expresses "messages" or practices through traditions and customs.

Question 10. to gaze - surroundings
Answer: The visitors looked with wonder at the beautiful area of the hill station.
In simple words: The guests stared in amazement at the pretty scenery of the mountain town.

Exam Tip: "To gaze" implies looking intently, which is often done at "surroundings" like a scenic view.

Question 11. snatch - to chase
Answer: Anil ran after the man who had grabbed his bag.
In simple words: Anil chased the person who had taken his bag.

Exam Tip: Use verbs that describe a sequence of events, such as one person "snatching" something and another "chasing" them.

Question 12. to require - sufficient
Answer: We need more funds because what we have gathered now is not enough to build a new school.
In simple words: We need more money because what we have isn't enough to build the school.

Exam Tip: Frame a scenario where something is "required" and evaluate if the available amount is "sufficient" or not.

Question 13. presence - violent
Answer: Despite the existence of a large police force, the aggressive crowd attacked the factory.
In simple words: Even with many police there, the angry crowd attacked the factory.

Exam Tip: "Presence" often refers to the existence of something, which can be contrasted with a "violent" action in a cause-and-effect sentence.

Question 14. to progress - community
Answer: The women of the village are striving hard for the advancement of their community.
In simple words: The village women are working hard to help their community improve.

Exam Tip: "To progress" is often a goal for a "community," so combine them to show collective effort towards improvement.

Question 15. greed-to warn
Answer: The minister cautioned the king that his excessive desire would ruin him.
In simple words: The minister told the king that his greed would destroy him.

Exam Tip: Show a scenario where "greed" leads to a negative consequence, and someone "warns" about it.

Question 16. prosper - exploit
Answer: It is said that the wealthy succeed by taking advantage of the poor.
In simple words: People say rich folks get ahead by using poor people.

Exam Tip: "Prospering" can sometimes be achieved by "exploiting" others, so craft a sentence that illustrates this relationship.

Question 17. perish - consume
Answer: Many birds and animals die by eating plastic thrown in the trash.
In simple words: A lot of animals die from eating plastic waste.

Exam Tip: "Perishing" (dying) can be a direct result of "consuming" harmful substances, illustrating a clear cause-and-effect.

Question 18. miserably - selfish
Answer: Ramji was so self-centered and greedy that he lost all his friends and lived unhappily.
In simple words: Ramji was so selfish and wanted too much, so he lost all his friends and lived a sad life.

Exam Tip: Connect "selfish" behavior to a negative outcome or state of being, such as living "miserably."

Question 19. protect - entire
Answer: The police have spread throughout the whole region to guard all the people.
In simple words: The police are everywhere in the area to keep everyone safe.

Exam Tip: "Protecting" often involves covering an "entire" area or group, so use this connection in your sentence.

Question 20. limited - process
Answer: Raju has restricted knowledge of the method for making clay pots.
In simple words: Raju knows only a little about how to make clay pots.

Exam Tip: Think about a situation where knowledge or ability for a "process" might be "limited."

Question 21. aspect - matter
Answer: The principal has studied all the details before giving his judgment on this issue.
In simple words: The principal looked at every part of the problem before deciding.

Exam Tip: "Aspects" refer to different parts of a "matter" or issue, so construct a sentence showing thorough examination.

Question 22. to accept - disciple
Answer: Dronacharya refused to take Ekalavya as his student.
In simple words: Dronacharya said no to Ekalavya becoming his learner.

Exam Tip: "To accept" a "disciple" implies a teacher-student relationship, which can be either granted or refused.

Question 23. preach - non-violence
Answer: Our saints have always promoted peace and the idea of not harming others.
In simple words: Our holy leaders have always taught about peace and being gentle.

Exam Tip: "To preach" is to teach or advocate, and "non-violence" is a common subject of such teachings by saints.

Question 24. creation - benefit
Answer: The design of a good syllabus will help all the students.
In simple words: Making a good study plan will be useful for all learners.

Exam Tip: Show how a "creation" (like a syllabus) can bring "benefit" to its users.

Question 25. to disturb - purpose
Answer: The children were having fun at the party, but their intention was not to annoy the neighbors.
In simple words: The kids enjoyed the party, but they didn't mean to bother the people next door.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between an action ("to disturb") and the "purpose" or intention behind it in your sentence.

Question 26. extent - necessary
Answer: It is important to inform the students about the degree to which they should use the freedom given to them.
In simple words: Students need to know how much freedom they should use.

Exam Tip: "Extent" refers to the degree or scope, and something can be "necessary" to define that scope.

Question 27. abuse - force
Answer: The people of the kingdom used all their power to stop the king from misusing his authority.
In simple words: The kingdom's people used all their strength to prevent the king from misusing his power.

Exam Tip: Connect the idea of "force" being used to prevent "abuse" of power or resources.

Question 28. pollute - destroy
Answer: When we contaminate air and water, we are ruining our own future.
In simple words: By making air and water dirty, we are harming our future.

Exam Tip: Show a cause-and-effect relationship where "polluting" leads to "destroying" something valuable like the future.

Question 29. to master - ultimately
Answer: After much practice, Nita has finally been able to become an expert at making paper flowers.
In simple words: After a lot of trying, Nita finally became very good at making paper flowers.

Exam Tip: "Ultimately" often indicates the final outcome or achievement after a process, like "to master" a skill.

Question 30. prevail - tradition
Answer: Sati was a bad custom that existed in some groups in the past.
In simple words: Sati was an old, harmful practice that was common in some communities.

Exam Tip: "Prevail" means to be widespread or common, often referring to a custom or "tradition" over time.

Question 31. immediately - shoot
Answer: The hunter spotted the deer and instantly fired an arrow.
In simple words: The hunter saw the deer and quickly shot an arrow.

Exam Tip: "Immediately" indicates a rapid action, so pair it with a quick verb like "shoot" to show promptness.

Question 32. tender - heap
Answer: The young gardener carefully arranged the tender seedlings into a small heap of soil.
In simple words: The gardener gently put the soft young plants into a small pile of dirt.

Exam Tip: Focus on creating a sentence that uses both words in a descriptive and contextually relevant way.

Question 33. accept - wisdom
Answer: The king agreed that Birbal's cleverness and good judgment had solved many problems.
In simple words: The king agreed that Birbal's smart thinking had fixed many issues.

Exam Tip: "To accept" can refer to acknowledging someone's "wisdom" or its impact on solving problems.

C. Fill in the blanks choosing the correct words from the brackets.

Question 1. (universal, ancient, oneness) The Vedas sing about oneness of man and nature. The idea expressed in the ancient texts have universal value.
Answer: The Vedas sing about oneness of man and nature. The idea expressed in the ancient texts have universal value.
In simple words: The Vedas talk about how humans and nature are one. The thoughts in old writings are important everywhere.

Exam Tip: Choose words that best fit the meaning of the sentence and the context of Vedic teachings about unity and enduring value.

Question 2. (species, preservation, mankind) We have always tried for the preservation and prosperity of all the species including mankind on this earth.
Answer: We have always tried for the preservation and prosperity of all the species including mankind on this earth.
In simple words: We have always tried to save and help all living things, including people, on Earth.

Exam Tip: Select words that describe the goal (preservation, prosperity), the scope (all species), and the inclusion of humans (mankind).

Question 3. (thrive, nest, co-living) The whole world lives as one single unit like a nest. All the living beings have the same right to live and thrive. This can be achieved through co-living only.
Answer: The whole world lives as one single unit like a nest. All the living beings have the same right to live and thrive. This can be achieved through co-living only.
In simple words: The world is like one home. All living things have a right to live and grow well. This can only happen if we all live together.

Exam Tip: Look for analogies (like 'nest'), verbs describing flourishing (thrive), and methods of coexistence (co-living) to fill the blanks accurately.

Question 4. (languages, earth, cultures) We are the birds of the same nest. We may wear different skin, different clothes, speak different languages, believe in different religions, belong to different cultures - yet we share the same home : our earth !
Answer: We are the birds of the same nest. We may wear different skin, different clothes, speak different languages, believe in different religions, belong to different cultures - yet we share the same home : our earth !
In simple words: We are all from the same home, Earth. Even if we have different languages and ways of life, we share this planet.

Exam Tip: Choose words that highlight the diversity among people (languages, cultures) and the common ground they share (earth).

Question 5. (communities, peace, creation) Our idea of peace does not mean just a state of 'no-war', neither is it limited just to men or countries and communities. But it embraces the whole nature and the whole creation.
Answer: Our idea of peace does not mean just a state of 'no-war', neither is it limited just to men or countries and communities. But it embraces the whole nature and the whole creation.
In simple words: Our idea of peace isn't just about no war or limited to people. It includes all of nature and everything made.

Exam Tip: Select words that define the core concept (peace), the groups involved (communities), and the expansive scope (creation).

Question 6. (abuse, surroundings, warns) This mantra warns us not to disturb nature, not to abuse, pollute or destroy our surroundings up to the heaven.
Answer: This mantra warns us not to disturb nature, not to abuse, pollute or destroy our surroundings up to the heaven.
In simple words: This prayer tells us not to bother nature, not to misuse, dirty, or ruin our environment up to the sky.

Exam Tip: Choose words that convey caution (warns), improper treatment (abuse), and the environment (surroundings).

Question 7. (destroying, to master, ecology) In trying to master and get benefit of our ecology, we are simply destroying ourselves, our own nest.
Answer: In trying to master and get benefit of our ecology, we are simply destroying ourselves, our own nest.
In simple words: While trying to control and benefit from our natural world, we are just ruining ourselves and our own home.

Exam Tip: Select words that describe an attempt at control (to master), the subject of study (ecology), and the negative outcome (destroying).

Question 8. (ultimately, prevail, divine) True peace will prevail only when man lives in peace with nature, divine forces and ultimately himself.
Answer: True peace will occur only when people live calmly with nature, holy powers, and eventually with themselves.
In simple words: Real peace comes when a person lives calmly with nature, spiritual powers, and ultimately, with their own self.

Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blank questions, ensure the chosen words fit grammatically and contextually into the sentence.

Question 9. (supreme, advice, universe) The wise rishi or seer of Ishavasya Upanishad gives us a wonderful advice Everything animate or inanimate that is within the universe is enlivened by the supreme power.
Answer: The wise rishi or seer of Ishavasya Upanishad gives us excellent counsel: all living and non-living things in the universe are given life by the supreme power.
In simple words: A smart spiritual teacher from the Ishavasya Upanishad gives great guidance: everything in the world, living or non-living, gets its life from God's ultimate power.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to the correct form of words (e.g., noun, verb, adjective) when filling in blanks related to philosophical or spiritual texts.

Question 10. (world, accept, renouncing) One should therefore, accept only those things necessary for oneself. This world must be enjoyed by renouncing it.
Answer: People should, therefore, take only the things they need for themselves. This world needs to be appreciated by letting go of attachments.
In simple words: We should only take what we need. We must enjoy this world by letting go of our desires and possessions.

Exam Tip: Understanding the core message of philosophical statements helps in selecting appropriate words for blanks.

Question 11. (snatch, presence, creation) Moreover one must not snatch away what belongs to or is required by others. The whole creation is filled with the presence of God.
Answer: Furthermore, one must not take what belongs to others or what others need. The entire creation is full of God's presence.
In simple words: Don't take things from others that they own or need. All of nature is filled with God's presence.

Exam Tip: Look for keywords that indicate ownership, possession, or presence to accurately fill in such blanks.

Question 12. (greed, message, vulture) This is a message against the animalistic greed of human beings. We should not, like a vulture, keep others away from having what we actually don't need.
Answer: This offers a message opposing the selfish greed of people. We should not, similar to a vulture, prevent others from getting what we truly do not require.
In simple words: This statement warns against human greed. We shouldn't, like a vulture, stop others from having what we don't actually need.

Exam Tip: Analogies often use specific nouns, so choose words that logically complete the comparison (e.g., 'vulture' for greed).

Question 13. (need, earth, sufficient) Gandhiji also said: There is enough on this earth for everybody's need, but not sufficient for one's greed.
Answer: Gandhiji also stated: There is plenty on this earth for everyone's needs, but not enough for one person's greed.
In simple words: Gandhiji taught that Earth has enough for everyone's necessities, but not enough to satisfy anyone's excessive wants.

Exam Tip: Famous quotes often use specific, impactful vocabulary; selecting words that match the quote's tone and meaning is essential.

Question 14. (exploit, protect, crown) As the crown of creation, man must protect and not exploit and consume other animals.
Answer: As the top of creation, humans must safeguard and not misuse or use other animals.
In simple words: Since humans are the highest part of creation, they need to keep other animals safe and not take advantage of them or use them up.

Exam Tip: Consider the responsibilities implied by phrases like "crown of creation" to choose the most fitting verbs.

Question 15. (abode, violent, aspects) If man stopped destroying animals, trees or other aspects of nature, our world would become less violent and thus a peaceful abode for all.
Answer: If humans stopped harming animals, trees, or other elements of nature, our world would become less aggressive and, consequently, a calm home for everyone.
In simple words: If people stop harming animals, trees, and other parts of nature, the world will become calmer and a peaceful place for everyone to live.

Exam Tip: Focus on how actions affect outcomes; 'destroying' links to 'violent' and a lack of 'abode'.

Question 16. (preach, selfish, destroying) Mahavir Swami preached ahimsa (non-violence) to that extent that all Jain sadhus put a cloth on their mouth, drink boiled water and do not take food before sunrise and after sunset for not destroying even bacteria. Mahavir Swami believed that we should not disturb or hurt even a stone for a selfish purpose.
Answer: Mahavir Swami taught ahimsa (non-violence) so much that all Jain sadhus place a cloth over their mouths, consume boiled water, and avoid eating before sunrise and after sunset to prevent harming even tiny bacteria. Mahavir Swami thought we should not bother or injure even a stone for a selfish reason.
In simple words: Mahavir Swami taught extreme non-violence. Jain monks cover their mouths and only drink boiled water to avoid harming even tiny life forms. He believed we shouldn't harm anything, even a stone, for selfish reasons.

Exam Tip: When describing religious principles, ensure accuracy in terms and practices, choosing words that reflect the principle's depth.

Question 17. (universe, realism, evolution) Rishis believed that every matter in the universe is living. There is nothing like non-living. Everything is in a process of evolution. This was the realism of our ancient seers.
Answer: Rishis thought that all matter in the universe is alive. There is nothing considered non-living. Everything goes through a process of evolution. This represented the realism of our old spiritual leaders.
In simple words: Ancient wise men thought everything in the world is alive and always changing through evolution. This was their realistic view of life.

Exam Tip: Concepts like "realism" and "evolution" are key in understanding ancient philosophical views; select words that accurately convey these ideas.

Question 18. (hunting, immediately, disciples) In a scene, King Dushyant of Bharatvarsh enters the ashram of Rishi Kanva. He is in his chariot, chasing a deer for hunting. Two disciples of Kanva saw him and immediately asked him not to shoot his arrows at the deer.
Answer: In one scene, King Dushyant of Bharatvarsh comes into Rishi Kanva's ashram. He is in his carriage, pursuing a deer for hunting. Two students of Kanva saw him and at once requested him not to shoot his arrows at the deer.
In simple words: King Dushyant came to Rishi Kanva's ashram, chasing a deer for hunting. Kanva's two students saw him and quickly told him not to shoot the deer with arrows.

Exam Tip: Narrative passages require words that convey actions and settings precisely; consider synonyms that maintain the flow of the story.

Question 19. (tender, heap, shoot) Don't shoot, please, don't shoot the arrow at the tender body of this deer. It is as bad as putting fire on the heap of flowers.
Answer: Please don't shoot; don't aim the arrow at the soft body of this deer. It is just as terrible as lighting a fire on a pile of flowers.
In simple words: They begged him not to shoot the deer's soft body with an arrow, saying it was as wrong as burning a pile of flowers.

Exam Tip: Words like "tender" and "heap" carry specific connotations; select synonyms that preserve these delicate or descriptive meanings.

Question 20. (tradition, ancient, culture) This shows that ahimsa was very much in the blood of ancient people and it became the tradition of Indian culture. Our culture has given us a heart as big as this earth;
Answer: This reveals that non-violence was deeply ingrained in old people, and it became a custom of Indian culture. Our culture has provided us with a heart as large as this planet.
In simple words: This means non-violence was natural for old generations and became a custom in Indian culture. Our culture has given us a very big, open heart.

Exam Tip: Understanding cultural concepts like "ahimsa" and "tradition" requires choosing synonyms that accurately reflect their historical and societal significance.

Question 21. (harmony, wisdom, global) We have a global heart. Ancient wisdom teaches the world the true philosophy of universal peace and harmony.
Answer: We possess a global heart. Old wisdom shows the world the real philosophy of universal peace and harmony.
In simple words: We have a worldwide compassionate spirit. Ancient teachings guide the world on the genuine idea of peace and agreement among all.

Exam Tip: When dealing with abstract concepts like "harmony" and "wisdom," choose synonyms that preserve their philosophical depth and meaning.