GSEB Class 8 Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Nationalism in India

GSEB Class 8 Social Science Nationalism in India Textbook Questions and Answers

 

1. Answer the Following Questions:

 

Question 1. What factors played a major role in the rise of nationalism in India?
Answer: The main factors that were significant in the rise of nationalism in India include these points:
1. Political Reasons: Prior to British arrival in India, the nation had many small and large royal states. The British overcame numerous rulers and established their authority throughout the land. Although they put in place a consistent governing method, British rule was unfavourable, and Indians began opposing it. Over time, these objections became more noticeable and common.
2. Economic Reasons: The financial strategies of the British ruined India financially. The British would get raw materials at low costs from India for their country. The finished goods manufactured in their country were sold in India. Import duty on such products was negligible, but Indian products were taxed heavily. Thus, Indian goods became very expensive, making them unaffordable. Amidst this fierce rivalry, local small industries could not last. Craftsmen lost their jobs. This helped Indians understand that British policies would not let them flourish. The British aimed for England's success by harming India's economy. This caused Indians to object to the British, and a sense of national pride grew among the people of India.
3. Transport and Telecommunication: The British built rail, sea, and road networks, as well as the mail and communication system, due to their own military, financial, and governing motives. However, this proved beneficial for Indians unexpectedly, as individuals connected more easily because of these systems. Movement for thinkers, artists, and traders grew. Ideas and viewpoints were readily shared. This reduced bias among different groups and areas. Country leaders could reach many people using newspapers. Thus, a national leadership emerged, and this greatly aided in gaining self-rule.
4. Literature and Education: European thoughts and national identity expanded with English learning. Studying English exposed Indians to new global developments. This way, they were motivated by democratic principles from the American struggle for freedom and the French revolution's values of 'Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity'. People started imagining a hopeful future for a free India. Many books, plays, tales, verses, and tunes in local languages spread messages of national togetherness and loyalty.
5. Newspapers: Newspapers helped significantly in raising knowledge about national identity. Dailies published from Bengal, Mumbai, and Chennai stirred feelings of nationalism in people's minds.
6. Magnificent and Rich Heritage of India:

• Old archaeologist Alexander Cunningham and his helpers dug up numerous old places and found artifacts showing India's grand past.
• Indian history experts like Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni, Madho Swarup Vats, and Rakhal Das Bannerjee kept digging and uncovered remnants of grand old cultures.
• Old Indian books about medicine, space science, spiritual beliefs, and more, were turned into English so both Indians and others worldwide could learn from them. All these discoveries encouraged a sense of pride and national identity.

In simple words: Many factors contributed to the rise of nationalism, including British political unification, unfair economic practices, better transport, spread of Western education, growth of newspapers, and discoveries of India's rich heritage. These elements helped unify Indians and fostered a sense of national pride and a desire for independence.

Exam Tip: When listing multiple factors, use clear headings or bullet points for each to ensure all aspects are thoroughly covered. Always include specific examples where possible, such as names of leaders or types of policies.

 

Question 2. Describe the activities of the Indian National Congress in its initial phase.
Answer: It was because of the work of Sir Allan Octavian Hume (A. O. Hume) that the Indian National Congress got set up in December 1885. The initial meeting of the Indian National Congress took place on 28th December 1885, at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit School in Mumbai. Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee served as its first head, and 72 delegates from different areas attended. Leaders like Dadabhai Navroji, Gopalkrishna Gokhale, Firoz Shah Mehta, Badruddin Taiyabji, K. T. Telang, Dinshaw Vachcha, and others were present at this first session of the Indian National Congress, where several national issues were talked about. In the initial stages (1885-1905), the activities of the Indian National Congress were cautious. Requests for greater political freedoms, including more Indians working in public jobs, help for farmers with their debts, and bringing back small home-based businesses, were made. The British government rejected these requests, and this fact provided a firm base for the fight for independence.

Exam Tip: When describing the activities of organizations, it's crucial to mention the founding members, key leaders, specific dates (establishment and early sessions), and the primary demands or methods employed during that period.

 

Question 3. What were the consequences of the partition of Bengal? OR Write a short note on the ‘Bang-Bhang' revolution.
Answer: The Bang-Bhang movement had three primary goals:
1. To solely buy and use Indian-made (Swadeshi) products,
2. To refuse foreign (British) items, and
3. To get national schooling and reject British education.
Guided by famous figures like Surendranath Bannerjee, Bipin Chandra Pal, Arvind Ghosh, and others from the Indian National Congress, a group was created to spread awareness of the protest against the partition of Bengal by encouraging Indians to stop using foreign items. This idea was shared through daily papers, parades, and gatherings. Factories were established. Thus, there was a significant drop in using imported items. As many students joined the demonstration against the Bang Bhang movement, harsh punishments like expelling them from schools and colleges were imposed by the British government. Therefore, 25 national secondary schools and 300 national primary schools began in Bengal in 1907 C.E. Rabindranath Tagore had founded the 'Vishwabharti School' at Shanti Niketan.

Exam Tip: When discussing a movement, always include its main objectives, key leaders, methods of protest, and significant outcomes or impacts on society and policy. Mention specific institutions or events where relevant.

 

Question 4. How did the need for national education arise in India? OR Write a short note on: National Education
Answer: National education was the third key aim of the Bang-Bhang revolution. As many students joined the demonstration against the Bang Bhang movement, punishments like removing them from schools and colleges were enforced by the British government. Thus, 25 national secondary schools and 300 national primary schools began in Bengal in 1907 C.E. Rabindranath Tagore had founded the ‘Vishwabharti School' at Shanti Niketan in 1901 C.E. Pundit Malviyaji set up the Benares Hindu University. By rejecting government schooling and boosting national pride among young people, national education began in the country.

Exam Tip: When detailing the rise of a new concept like national education, explain the problem it aimed to solve (e.g., impact of a movement), the immediate consequences (e.g., punitive actions), and the alternative solutions or institutions that were created.

 

2. Answer the Following in One or Two Sentences:

 

Question 1. Define nationalism.
Answer: Nationalism is a sense of pride and connection to one's country. It is also a readiness to give up all for the country if required.
In simple words: Nationalism means feeling proud of your country and being ready to do anything for it if needed.

Exam Tip: For definitions, provide a concise and clear statement that captures the core meaning. If there are multiple facets, include them briefly.

 

Question 2. What do you understand by the moderates? Name them.
Answer: The leaders who thought they could gain political freedoms through legal steps were called the 'Moderates.' Leaders like Dadabhai Navroji, Surendranath Bannerjee, Gopalkrishna Gokhale, and Firozshah Mehta, who held this viewpoint, were known as the 'Moderates.'
In simple words: Moderates were leaders who sought political rights through peaceful, constitutional methods, including figures like Dadabhai Navroji and Gopalkrishna Gokhale.

Exam Tip: When defining groups, identify their core belief or approach and provide key examples of individuals associated with that group.

 

Question 3. What do you understand by the extremists? Name them.
Answer: The leaders who chose a path of strong action and change were called the 'Extremists.' These leaders desired to get self-governance as a right, not a gift. The triplet leaders, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal, popularly called 'Lai, Bal, and Pal,' were key figures recognized as 'Extremists'.
In simple words: Extremists were leaders who sought self-rule through aggressive and revolutionary actions, famous examples being 'Lal, Bal, Pal'.

Exam Tip: Differentiate clearly between 'Moderates' and 'Extremists' by highlighting their distinct methods and goals, along with naming their respective prominent leaders.

 

Question 4. How was the day of the Partition of Bengal (Bang Bhang) observed?
Answer: The day of the partition of Bengal was marked as a 'Sad Day' (Day of National Mourning). The day was also celebrated as 'Day of Unity' following Rabindranath Tagore's advice.
In simple words: The partition of Bengal was observed as both a 'Sad Day' (National Mourning Day) and a 'Day of Unity' as suggested by Rabindranath Tagore.

Exam Tip: Mention both aspects of how the day was observed, as it highlights the dual sentiment (sorrow and unity) that emerged from the event.

 

Question 5. Who played an important role In the establishment of the Muslim League?
Answer: Muslim religious leaders – Aga Khan, the Nawab of Dhaka – Salimullah Khan, Viceroy Minto, and his private secretary Dunlop Smith were crucial in setting up the Muslim League.
In simple words: Key figures like Aga Khan, Salimullah Khan, Viceroy Minto, and Dunlop Smith were important in creating the Muslim League.

Exam Tip: When asked about the establishment of organizations, remember to list the significant individuals involved, especially those holding official positions or religious authority.

 

Question 6. Who established the Home Rule League?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Madam Annie Besant founded the ‘Home Rule' League.
In simple words: Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant started the Home Rule League.

Exam Tip: Directly answer who established the league and ensure correct spelling of names. Dates can also be a helpful addition if remembered.

 

Question 7. Where was Subhash Chandra Bose born?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose came into the world in Cuttack, a city in Orissa (now Odisha).
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, located in Orissa (Odisha).

Exam Tip: For birthplaces, state the city and state/region. Including the modern name (Odisha) shows comprehensive knowledge.

 

Question 8. How did Subhash Chandra Bose reach Japan?
Answer: On January 17, 1941, in the dead of night, Subhash Chandra Bose fled from his home confinement. He dressed up like a Pathan and got to Berlin (Germany) by going through Peshawar, Kabul, and Moscow. After that, he traveled to Japan through Sumatra.
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose escaped house arrest in 1941, disguised himself, traveled through Peshawar, Kabul, Moscow to Berlin, and then reached Japan via Sumatra.

Exam Tip: When describing complex journeys, mention key dates, the starting point, the disguise used, and the main stops or modes of travel. Accuracy in sequence is important.

 

Question 9. How was Azad Hind Fauj formed?
Answer: Captain Mohan Singh, an Indian soldier of the British army, created the 'Azad Hind Fauj' in 1942 C.E. with aid from other Indian soldiers who had given up to Japan as war captives during the Second World War.
In simple words: Captain Mohan Singh started the Azad Hind Fauj in 1942 C.E., using Indian soldiers who were prisoners of war after surrendering to Japan in World War II.

Exam Tip: Focus on who formed it, when, and from what initial group of people. Mentioning the context (WWII, prisoners of war) adds completeness.

 

Question 10. Which slogans were given by Subhash Chandra Bose?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose provided the rallying cries 'Chalo Delhi!' and 'Jai Hind' for the Azad Hind Fauj and the country in turn.
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogans 'Chalo Delhi!' and 'Jai Hind' to the Azad Hind Fauj and the nation.

Exam Tip: For slogans, state them clearly and mention to whom they were addressed or for what cause they were given.

 

Question 11. Where was the Provisional government formed?
Answer: A temporary government, named Aarzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind, was set up in Singapore in October 1943.
In simple words: The Provisional Government (Aarzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind) was established in Singapore in October 1943.

Exam Tip: Always include the location and the specific date or year when discussing the formation of a government or organization.

 

3. Identify Me:

 

Question 1. Indian National Congress was formed due to my efforts.
Answer: A. O. Hume
In simple words: A.O. Hume was instrumental in establishing the Indian National Congress.

Exam Tip: For identification questions, provide the correct name concisely. Adding a brief context or role can enhance the answer without being lengthy.

 

Question 2. I adopted the policy of Divide and Rule in India.
Answer: Lord Curzon
In simple words: Lord Curzon implemented the 'Divide and Rule' policy in India.

Exam Tip: Link the policy directly to the individual responsible. This type of question tests knowledge of key historical figures and their actions.

 

Question 3. The novel 'Anand Math' was written by me.
Answer: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
In simple words: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay authored the novel 'Anand Math'.

Exam Tip: For literary works, clearly state the author's full name. Ensure correct spelling of both the name and the title.

 

Question 4. I was the first president of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee
In simple words: Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee was the inaugural president of the Indian National Congress.

Exam Tip: Knowing the first leaders or key positions of important organizations is often tested. Be precise with the name and role.

 

Question 5. 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it'.
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Lokmanya Tilak)
In simple words: This famous slogan was given by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, also known as Lokmanya Tilak.

Exam Tip: When a quote is given, identify the speaker. If they have a common title, include it in parentheses for completeness.

 

4. Match the Items in Column 'A' with Those in Column 'B' Appropriately:

Answer:
(1 - 5) Rabindranath Tagore - Shanti Niketan
(2 - 2) Lokmanya Tilak - Kesari
(3 - 4) Lala Lajpat Rai - Shere-e-Punjab
(4 - 1) Bipin Chandra Pal - New India
(5 - 3) Annie Besant - The Common Will
In simple words: To correctly match these, link Rabindranath Tagore with Shanti Niketan, Lokmanya Tilak with Kesari, Lala Lajpat Rai with Shere-e-Punjab, Bipin Chandra Pal with New India, and Annie Besant with The Common Will.

Exam Tip: For matching questions, it's best to write out the full pairs explicitly in the answer, rather than just numbers, to avoid any ambiguity.

 

Question 5. Write a short note on 'Azad Hind Fauj'.
Answer: In 1942 C.E., Captain Mohan Singh, an Indian soldier in the British army, formed the 'Azad Hind Fauj' with aid from other Indian soldiers who had given up to Japan as war captives during the Second World War. However, when Mohan Singh needed to step down from his position, Rasbihari Bose named Subhash Chandra Bose as the head of the 'Azad Hind Fauj' on 4th July 1943. He received the esteemed title of 'Netaji.' Netaji provided the rallying cries ‘Chalo Delhi!' and 'Jai Hind' for the Azad Hind Fauj. He visited nations in South-East Asia and urged Indians living there to give everything for India's independence with the motto 'You give me blood and I will give you freedom.' ('Turn mujhe khoon do, main tumhe azadi doonga.') Subhash Chandra Bose established the Aarzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (Acting Government to Free India) in Singapore in October 1943. This government announced a fight against England and America. Subhash Chandra Bose restructured the Azad Hind Fauj. He took on the role of Army Chief and head of the Aarzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind. The troops received good training and were split into different units. The Fauj succeeded in numerous battles on India's Eastern Frontier but had to pull back because of insufficient food and heavy rainfall. In this way, the Azad Hind Fauj's efforts for our fight for independence were highly significant.
In simple words: The Azad Hind Fauj was founded by Captain Mohan Singh in 1942 from Indian POWs in Japan. Later, Subhash Chandra Bose became its leader, known as Netaji. He gave slogans like 'Chalo Delhi!' and 'Jai Hind!' and established a provisional government in Singapore in 1943. Though they fought many battles, they eventually retreated due to resource shortages, but their contribution to the freedom struggle was very important.

Exam Tip: For short notes, ensure you cover the key aspects: formation, leadership, slogans, key actions, and overall significance. Use a chronological order to make the narrative clear and easy to follow.

 

Activities

• 1. Visit any social organization and know about its system of working.
• 2. Prepare a newspaper article to make people aware of any one current problem being faced by India.
• 3. Assume you were a student in the year 1905 and the Swadeshi movement was on the move in the country. Make posters appealing people to join the movement.
• 4. Make a list of Swadeshi and foreign goods that you observe around you nowadays.
• 5. Make a list of various slogans which became famous during the freedom struggle of India.

 

GSEB Class 8 Social Science Nationalism in India Intext Questions and Answers

 

Question 1. How did English education prove to be advantageous or disadvantageous for the Indians?
Answer: Education in English opened the path for the growth of Indian nationalism. European concepts and national identity grew through English schooling. Studying English exposed Indians to new global developments. Thus, they were motivated by democratic principles from the American struggle for freedom and the French revolution's values of 'Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity'. People started imagining a hopeful future for a free India. The educated public of India came closer to one another. They started to learn and grasp each other's viewpoints. A sense of unity and opposition to the unfair treatment and exploitation by the British government arose among Indians. Feelings of national pride and a fresh awareness emerged among educated people. So, English education truly had a significant part in fostering national sentiment among Indians.
In simple words: English education helped nationalism grow by introducing Western ideas of democracy and freedom, uniting educated Indians, and making them aware of British injustices. This fostered pride and a desire for independence.

Exam Tip: When discussing dual impacts, ensure you cover both advantageous and disadvantageous aspects (though in this case, only advantages are discussed in the answer). Structure your answer to clearly explain how each point contributed to the overall effect.

 

Question 2. How did the newspapers manage to arouse the feelings of nationalism among Indians?
Answer: Newspapers spoke out against the British's imposed governance and fostered sentiments of rebellion towards the British government. They expressed the public's distress and exposed the unfair behavior and exploitation carried out by the British government. Newspapers helped foster nationalism and a yearning for freedom among India's populace. Thus, newspapers ignited a sense of national identity among Indians in the 19th century.
In simple words: Newspapers helped nationalism grow by criticizing British rule, exposing injustice, voicing public concerns, and inspiring a desire for freedom among Indians in the 19th century.

Exam Tip: Highlight the role of newspapers as a medium for communication and dissent. Emphasize how they both informed the public and galvanized nationalist sentiments.

 

Question 3. What could have been the possible ill-effects of the partition of Bengal?
Answer: The primary negative outcomes of the partition of Bengal included:

• Divisiveness among communities might have been promoted.
• The foundations for India's division might have been laid with the partition of Bengal.
• The independence movement might have lost strength.
• Rebellious national actions might have begun in the country.
• Lasting dislike and hostility could have formed between Hindu and Muslim groups.

In simple words: The partition of Bengal could have caused communal divisions, set the stage for India's future partition, weakened the nationalist movement, sparked revolutionary activities, and created permanent hatred between Hindu and Muslim communities.

Exam Tip: When discussing potential negative effects, list them clearly, preferably using bullet points. Focus on socio-political consequences like communalism, weakening of movements, and increased unrest.

 

Question 4. Why did Lokmanya Tilak start the celebration of 'Ganesh Chaturthi' and 'Shivaji Jayanti'?
Answer: To encourage national pride and togetherness among the Maratha people and to foster awareness, Lokmanya Tilak began observing ‘Ganesh Chaturthi' and 'Shivaji Jayanti'.
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak started celebrating 'Ganesh Chaturthi' and 'Shivaji Jayanti' to promote national pride and unity among Marathas and to awaken the people.

Exam Tip: Explain the purpose behind historical actions. For social or religious celebrations, emphasize their role in unifying people and fostering a sense of shared identity or political awareness.

 

Question 5. What if the Azad Hind Fauj had achieved complete victory over the British India?
Answer: Had the 'Azad Hind Fauj' won a full triumph over British India, India would not have been split into two parts. Also, rather than 1947 C.E., freedom would have been gained in 1944 C.E. The top leader of the Azad Hind Fauj, Subhash Chandra Bose, would have set up a government in independent India and would have served as India's Prime Minister himself.
In simple words: If the Azad Hind Fauj had fully defeated the British, India would have achieved independence earlier in 1944 C.E., likely without partition, and Subhash Chandra Bose would have become the first Prime Minister of free India.

Exam Tip: For hypothetical questions, consider the most significant immediate and long-term impacts. Focus on key outcomes like independence, unity, and leadership roles.

 

GSEB Class 8 Social Science Nationalism in India Additional Important Questions and Answers

 

Choose the Correct Alternative From Those Given Below Each Question:

 

Question 1. Where did the modern concept of nationalism originate?
(a) In USA
(b) In India
(c) In Europe
(d) In Russia
Answer: (c) In Europe
In simple words: The contemporary idea of national identity first developed in Europe.

Exam Tip: Know the origins of key historical concepts. Europe played a significant role in the development of modern nationalism, which then influenced other parts of the world.

 

Question 2. Which British policy ruined India?
(a) Taxation policy
(b) Economic policy
(c) Political policy
(d) Religious policy
Answer: (b) Economic policy
In simple words: The British government's financial strategies were responsible for India's economic downfall.

Exam Tip: Understand the primary ways in which colonial powers impacted colonized regions. Economic exploitation was a major tool used by the British in India.

 

Question 3. Which inspiration did India get from the American struggle for freedom?
(a) Of Democracy
(b) Of Socialism
(c) Of Equality
(d) Of Independence
Answer: (a) Of Democracy
In simple words: India was inspired by democratic ideals from America's fight for freedom.

Exam Tip: Connect independence movements to the specific ideologies they drew inspiration from. The American Revolution's emphasis on democracy had a global impact.

 

Question 4. Through which revolution did India get the inspiration for feelings of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity (brotherhood)?
(a) Through the English revolution
(b) Through the French revolution
(c) Through the American revolution
(d) Through the Russian revolution
Answer: (b) Through the French revolution
In simple words: The French Revolution inspired India with ideas of freedom, fairness, and brotherhood.

Exam Tip: Recognize the specific ideals associated with major revolutions. The trio of 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity' is famously linked to the French Revolution.

 

Question 5. Which western archaeologist found remains of Indian culture depicting India's rich heritage?
(a) Max Mueller
(b) Ferguson
(c) William Ham
(d) Cunningham
Answer: (d) Cunningham
In simple words: Alexander Cunningham, a Western archaeologist, found many historical artifacts showing India's grand past.

Exam Tip: Remember key figures in archaeology and their contributions to understanding India's ancient past, as their discoveries often fostered nationalist pride.

 

Question 6. With the efforts of which retired English officer was the Indian National Congress established?
(a) Sir Charles Wood
(b) Lord Macaulay
(c) A. O. Hume
(d) Lord Mayo
Answer: (c) A. O. Hume
In simple words: The Indian National Congress was founded because of the work of A.O. Hume, a retired British officer.

Exam Tip: This is a fundamental fact about the origin of the Indian National Congress. Always associate A.O. Hume with its establishment.

 

Question 7. Who was the president of the first session of the Indian National Congress?
(a) Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee
(b) Dadabhai Navroji
(c) Surendranath Bannerjee
(d) Badruddin Taiyabji
Answer: (a) Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee
In simple words: Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee was chosen to lead the first meeting of the Indian National Congress.

Exam Tip: Be precise about the first president, as this is a common question. Distinguish him from other prominent early leaders.

 

Question 8. In the beginning, ........................ was not one of the demands put up by the Indian National Congress to the British government.
(a) revival of cottage industries
(b) debt relief to farmers
(c) appointing Hindi judges in courts
(d) more Indians in government services
Answer: (c) appointing Hindi judges in courts
In simple words: Initially, the Indian National Congress did not ask the British government to appoint Hindi judges in courts.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the early demands of the Indian National Congress to identify which issues were (and were not) prioritized at the outset.

 

Question 9. Who implemented the 'Divide and Rule' policy?
(a) Viceroy Lord Litton
(b) Viceroy Lord Rippon
(c) Viceroy Lord Canning
(d) Viceroy Lord Curzon
Answer: (d) Viceroy Lord Curzon
In simple words: Viceroy Lord Curzon put the 'Divide and Rule' policy into action.

Exam Tip: Connect specific policies, especially those with significant impact, to the Viceroy or Governor-General responsible for them. Lord Curzon's name is strongly associated with this policy.

 

Question 10. Which song written by Bankimchandra became the slogan of the Bang-Bhang movement?
(a) 'Jana Gana Mana...'
(b) 'Vande Mataram'.
(c) 'Jhanda ooncha rahe hamara'
(d) 'Sonar Bangla'
Answer: (b) 'Vande Mataram'.
In simple words: The song 'Vande Mataram', written by Bankimchandra, became a popular motto during the Bang-Bhang movement.

Exam Tip: Recognize famous national songs and their historical significance, particularly during key movements. Know their authors and the movements they inspired.

 

Question 11. In which novel is the national song 'Vande Mataram'?
(a) 'Anand Math'
(b) 'Sundar Math'
(c) 'Gitanjali'
(d) 'Jyoti Math'
Answer: (a) 'Anand Math'
In simple words: The national song 'Vande Mataram' can be found in the novel 'Anand Math'.

Exam Tip: Link famous songs to their original literary works. This shows a deeper understanding of cultural contributions to nationalism.

 

Question 12. What was the Bang-Bhang day observed as?
(a) 'Day of Mourning'
(b) 'Independence Day'
(c) 'National Day'
(d) 'Day of Protest'
Answer: (a) 'Day of Mourning'
In simple words: The day of the Bang-Bhang partition was remembered as a 'Day of Mourning'.

Exam Tip: Understand how significant historical events were commemorated or marked by the people, often reflecting their sentiments and political resistance.

 

Question 13. When did Lord Curzon partition Bengal?
(a) In 1909 C.E.
(b) In 1906 C.E.
(c) In 1905 C.E.
(d) In 1911 C.E.
Answer: (c) In 1905 C.E.
In simple words: Lord Curzon divided Bengal in the year 1905 C.E.

Exam Tip: Specific dates for major historical events are important. The Partition of Bengal in 1905 is a key turning point in Indian nationalism.

 

Question 14. Who started the Vishwabharati Vidyalaya in Shanti Niketan in 1901 C.E.?
(a) Subhash Chandra Bose
(b) Kedarnath Tagore
(c) Annie Besant
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
Answer: (d) Rabindranath Tagore
In simple words: Rabindranath Tagore founded the Vishwabharati Vidyalaya in Shanti Niketan in 1901 C.E.

Exam Tip: Associate prominent figures with their significant institutions, especially in education and culture, as these played a role in national awakening.

 

Question 15. Who from the following was not a leader of the 'Moderate system'?
(a) Gopalkrishna Gokhale
(b) Lokmanya Tilak
(c) Surendranath Bannerjee
(d) Dadabhai Navroji
Answer: (b) Lokmanya Tilak
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak was not considered a leader of the 'Moderate' political approach; he was an Extremist.

Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between Moderate and Extremist leaders based on their ideologies and methods. Lokmanya Tilak is a classic example of an Extremist leader.

 

Question 16. 'Extremist system' means ..........................
(a) One who boycotts foreign goods.
(b) One who believes in active and aggressive revolt.
(c) One who believes in soft administration.
(d) One who believes the British to be correct.
Answer: (b) One who believes in active and aggressive revolt.
In simple words: The 'Extremist system' refers to a group that supports strong and forceful rebellion to achieve their goals.

Exam Tip: Understand the core principles that define political factions. The Extremists were characterized by their advocacy for direct and aggressive action.

 

Question 17. Who was the main leader of the Extremist movement? OR Who was the main inspiration for the Extremists?
(a) Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee
(b) Lokmanya Tilak
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Bipin Chandra Pal
Answer: (b) Lokmanya Tilak
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak was the primary figure who inspired and led the Extremist movement.

Exam Tip: Identify the central figures who defined and spearheaded major political movements, as their leadership was crucial to the movement's character and direction.

 

Question 18. Who from the following was not an Extremist leader?
(a) Gopalkrishna Gokhale
(b) Bipinchandra Pal
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Lokmanya Tilak
Answer: (a) Gopalkrishna Gokhale
In simple words: Gopalkrishna Gokhale was not an Extremist leader; he belonged to the Moderate group.

Exam Tip: A good way to remember this is to recall the 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio (Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal) as the prominent Extremists. Anyone else from the options who is a known leader would likely be a Moderate.

 

Question 19. 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.' Who gave this slogan?
(a) Dadabhai Navroji
(b) Gopalkrishna Gokhale
(c) Lokmanya Tilak
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: (c) Lokmanya Tilak
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak said that self-rule was his basic right and he would definitely get it.

Exam Tip: Remember important slogans and who gave them, as these are often tested in history sections.

 

Question 20. Who from the following was famous as 'Sher-e- Punjab'?
(a) Firozshah Mehta
(b) Lala Lajpat Rai
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(d) Shyamji Krishna Verma
Answer: (b) Lala Lajpat Rai
In simple words: Lala Lajpat Rai was well-known by the title 'Sher-e-Punjab', which means 'Lion of Punjab'.

Exam Tip: Knowing the nicknames or honorary titles of prominent freedom fighters helps in answering identity-based questions.

 

Question 21. Who was killed due to being beaten up in a lathi charge while protesting against the Simon Commission?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Pt. Govind Vallabh Pant
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: (a) Lala Lajpat Rai
In simple words: Lala Lajpat Rai sadly died after being hit during a stick attack while demonstrating against the Simon Commission.

Exam Tip: Key events and their victims are significant historical facts that should be memorized.

 

Question 22. Which leader did the British accuse of provoking Indian youngsters to violent activities?
(a) Gopalkrishna Gokhale
(b) Bipinchandra Pal
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Lokmanya Tilak
Answer: (b) Bipin Chandra Pal
In simple words: The British government blamed Bipin Chandra Pal for encouraging young Indians to participate in aggressive actions.

Exam Tip: Understanding the accusations made by the colonial government against leaders helps in grasping the British perspective on nationalist movements.

 

Question 23. When was the 'Muslim League' established?
(a) In 1905 C.E.
(b) In 1906 C.E.
(c) In 1909 C.E.
(d) In 1911 C.E.
Answer: (b) In 1906 C.E.
In simple words: The Muslim League, an important political group, was formed in the year 1906.

Exam Tip: Key dates for the establishment of major political organizations are crucial to remember for historical accuracy.

 

Question 24. Where did the Congress and the Muslim League hold joint conferences in 1916 C.E.?
(a) In Kolkata
(b) In Mumbai
(c) In Surat
(d) In Lucknow
Answer: (d) In Lucknow
In simple words: In 1916, both the Congress and the Muslim League had a combined meeting in the city of Lucknow.

Exam Tip: The Lucknow Pact of 1916, which brought the Congress and Muslim League together, is a significant event to recall.

 

Question 25. When was Subhash Chandra Bose born?
(a) In 1887 C.E.
(b) In 1897 C.E.
(c) In 1903 C.E.
(d) In 1905 C.E.
Answer: (b) In 1897 C.E.
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose, a famous leader, was born in the year 1897.

Exam Tip: Remember the birth years of prominent historical figures, as they help to contextualize their contributions.

 

Question 26. Where was Subhash Chandra Bose born?
(a) In Cuttack
(b) In Amritsar
Answer: (a) In Cuttack
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, a city located in Orissa (now Odisha).

Exam Tip: Knowing the hometowns of key leaders can sometimes be part of general knowledge or biographical questions.

 

Question 27. Who was the president of the Congress Haripura session in 1938 C.E. as well as the Tripura Session in 1939 C.E.?
(a) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Gandhiji
(c) Pt. Motilal Nehru
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: (d) Subhash Chandra Bose
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose was the elected president for both the Haripura session of Congress in 1938 and the Tripura session in 1939.

Exam Tip: Remember the presidents of important Congress sessions, especially those that marked significant political shifts or leadership changes.

 

Question 28. Which party did Subhash Chandra Bose establish?
(a) Young India
(b) Forward Bloc
(c) Swarajya Party
(d) Independent India
Answer: (b) Forward Bloc
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose formed a new political party called the Forward Bloc.

Exam Tip: Knowing the political parties founded by leaders helps identify their ideological stance and contributions.

 

Question 29. Who formed the 'Azad Hind Fauj'?
(a) The government of Japan
(b) Rasbihari Bose
(c) Captain Mohan Singh
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: (c) Captain Mohan Singh
In simple words: Captain Mohan Singh was the person who first created the Azad Hind Fauj, or Indian National Army.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between who initially formed a movement or organization and who later led or popularized it.

 

Question 30. Which honorary title was given to Subhash Chandra Bose as the chief of the Azad Hind Fauj?
(a) Sardar
(b) Netaji
(c) Senapati
(d) Captain
Answer: (b) Netaji
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose was honored with the title 'Netaji' when he became the head of the Azad Hind Fauj.

Exam Tip: Associate key honorary titles with the historical figures who received them, as this is a common memory-based question.

 

Question 31. Which slogan did Subhash Chandra Bose give to the Azad Hind Fauj?
(a) 'Inquilab Zindabad'
(b) 'Chalo Delhi'
(c) 'Vande Bharat'
(d) 'Jai Hind'
Answer: (b) 'Chalo Delhi'
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose gave the command 'Chalo Delhi' to the Azad Hind Fauj, which meant 'March to Delhi'.

Exam Tip: Be careful to distinguish between different slogans given by leaders; some were specific to particular groups or situations.

 

Question 32. Where did Subhash Chandra Bose establish the 'provisional government'?
(a) In Berlin
(b) In Rangoon
(c) In Tokyo
(d) In Singapore
Answer: (d) In Singapore
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose set up a temporary government, known as the provisional government, in Singapore.

Exam Tip: Knowing the locations of significant political establishments helps to understand the geographical spread of nationalist efforts.

 

Question 33. What vow did Subhash Chandra Bose take?
(a) "I shall never enter subjugated India."
(b) "I shall make all efforts for achieving freedom."
(c) "I shall drive the British away from India."
(d) "I shall break the shackles binding my motherland."
Answer: (a) "I shall never enter subjugated India."
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose made a promise that he would not return to India as long as it remained under foreign control.

Exam Tip: Important pledges or declarations by leaders highlight their commitment and resolve in the freedom struggle.

 

Question 34. On which country were nuclear bombs dropped during the Second World War?
(a) USA
(c) Japan
(d) England
Answer: (c) Japan
In simple words: During the Second World War, nuclear bombs were dropped on Japan.

Exam Tip: This is a key event from World War II; remember the specific country targeted by nuclear weapons.

 

Give historic reasons for the following statements:

 

Question 1. The economic policy of the British ruined India.
Answer: The British would obtain raw materials from India at low costs and transport them to their own country. The finished goods produced in their country were then sold in India. Import duty on such products was very small, but Indian products were heavily taxed. This made Indian goods quite expensive, making them unaffordable. In this harsh competition, local Indian industries could not survive. Many artisans became jobless. This caused Indians to understand that British policies would never permit them to thrive. The British solely wanted England to succeed at the expense of the Indian economy. This situation led Indians to protest against the British, and feelings of nationalism grew among the people of India. This is how the British economic policy damaged India.
In simple words: The British took raw materials from India cheaply, made goods in their country, and sold them back in India. Indian goods were taxed heavily, making them expensive. This hurt Indian businesses and made many people jobless, causing widespread anger and a rise in nationalist sentiment.

Exam Tip: When explaining economic reasons, focus on the raw material extraction, finished goods import, and the impact on local industries and employment.

 

Question 2. The Indian National Congress was established in 1885 C.E.
Answer: Many factors like political unity and uniform administration, economic exploitation practiced by the British, faster travel and communication methods, English education, growth of local literature, newspapers, and an awakening to India's rich cultural heritage, all helped foster feelings of pride and nationalism. These elements, along with other regional organizations, contributed to the Indian National Congress being set up in 1885 C.E. Sir A.O. Hume, a retired British officer, understood that the British Empire was not as stable as it appeared, and popular dissatisfaction could lead to a revolt, similar to the one in 1857. To keep general discontent in check, he considered organizing a political body. Viceroy Lord Dufferin agreed with Hume's idea. Therefore, it was due to the efforts of Sir Allan Octavian Hume (A. O. Hume) that the Indian National Congress was established in December 1885 C.E.
In simple words: Many things like British rule, easy travel, English education, and a growing sense of Indian pride led to the rise of nationalism. An officer named A.O. Hume, seeing the public's unhappiness, decided to start a political group to prevent another uprising, leading to the Indian National Congress being formed in 1885.

Exam Tip: For the establishment of Congress, mention both the factors contributing to nationalism and the specific role of A.O. Hume and Lord Dufferin.

 

Question 3. Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal in 1905 C.E.
Answer: The increasing unity and integrity among Indians became a worry for the British. The British reduced their support and, to further weaken Indian unity, Viceroy Lord Curzon adopted the 'Divide and Rule' policy and separated Bengal in 1905. Bengal was the largest province of British India, and its administration was difficult. So, Viceroy Curzon divided Bengal, but his main goal was to encourage communal differences between Hindus and Muslims, thus weakening the drive of political awakening among Indians.
In simple words: The British were worried about growing Indian unity. So, Lord Curzon decided to divide Bengal in 1905. While he said it was for easier management, his real reason was to create religious divisions between Hindus and Muslims and weaken the nationalist movement.

Exam Tip: When discussing the partition of Bengal, highlight Lord Curzon's 'Divide and Rule' policy and its dual purpose: administrative convenience and weakening national unity.

 

Question 4. National schools were set up in Bengal.
Answer: National education was the third important aim of the Bang-Bhang revolution. Since many students took part in the protest against the Bang Bhang movement, strict actions, such as expelling them from schools and colleges, were taken by the British government. So, 25 national secondary schools and 300 national primary schools were opened in Bengal in 1907 C.E. Rabindranath Tagore had started the 'Vishwabharti School' at Shanti Niketan in 1901 C.E. Pundit Malviyaji established the Benares Hindu University. In this way, by avoiding government education and increasing nationalist feelings among the youth, national education started in the country.
In simple words: National education became a key goal of the Bang-Bhang movement. Many students were expelled for protesting, so 25 national secondary and 300 national primary schools were opened in Bengal in 1907. Leaders like Rabindranath Tagore and Pundit Malviyaji also set up important educational institutions to promote nationalism and self-reliance.

Exam Tip: Focus on the cause (student protests, British punitive actions) and effect (establishment of national schools, fostering nationalism) when explaining the rise of national education.

 

Question 5. The Home Rule movement was started in 1916 C.E.
Answer: Between 1916 and 1918, when the First World War had just finished, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Madam Annie Besant, along with prominent Indians such as Joseph Baptista, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, G.S. Kharpade, and Sir S. Subramania Iyer, organized a national alliance of leagues in India. Their goal was to demand Home Rule within the British Empire for all in India.
In simple words: After World War I ended, from 1916 to 1918, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant, along with other key Indian leaders, created a group to ask for self-governance (Home Rule) for India while remaining part of the British Empire.

Exam Tip: Remember the two main leaders (Tilak and Besant) and the primary objective (Home Rule within the British Empire) of this movement.

 

Fill in the blanks with proper words or numbers in the following statements:

 

Question 1. A feeling of pride and belonging towards one's nation with willingness to sacrifice if the need arises is known as nationalism.
Answer: nationalism
In simple words: When you feel proud of your country and are ready to give everything for it, that feeling is called nationalism.

Exam Tip: Know the core definition of nationalism for quick recall.

 

Question 2. The modern concept of nationalism originated in Europe.
Answer: Europe
In simple words: The idea of nationalism, as we know it today, first began in Europe.

Exam Tip: Recognize Europe as the birthplace of modern nationalism, a key historical fact.

 

Question 3. Before the British established their rule over India, our country lacked political unity.
Answer: political
In simple words: Before the British took control, India did not have strong political unity.

Exam Tip: Understand the pre-British political landscape of India, characterized by fragmentation.

 

Question 4. Literature of regional Indian languages spread the message of patriotism amongst Indians.
Answer: patriotism
In simple words: Books and writings in different Indian languages helped spread a sense of love for one's country among people.

Exam Tip: The role of regional literature in fostering nationalist sentiments is an important aspect of India's freedom struggle.

 

Question 5. Newspapers spread awareness and encouraged the feeling of nationalism in the hearts of people.
Answer: nationalism
In simple words: Newspapers helped inform people and build a sense of national pride and belonging.

Exam Tip: The press played a vital role in unifying public opinion and spreading the message of freedom.

 

Question 6. Indian archaeological experts Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni, Madho Swarup Vats and Rakhal Das discovered many remains depicting the rich heritage of India.
Answer: Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni
In simple words: Indian experts like Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni, Madho Swarup Vats, and Rakhal Das found old items that showed India's rich past.

Exam Tip: Remember the names of key archaeologists associated with significant discoveries in India.

 

Question 7. The Indian National Congress was established in the year 1885 C.E.
Answer: 1885 C.E.
In simple words: The Indian National Congress was formed in the year 1885.

Exam Tip: The year 1885 is a landmark date for the start of organized political movement in India.

 

Question 8. It was with the efforts of retired British officer Sir Allan Octavian Hume (A. O. Hume) that the Indian National Congress was established.
Answer: Sir Allan Octavian Hume (A. O. Hume)
In simple words: The Indian National Congress was set up thanks to the efforts of a retired British official named Sir Allan Octavian Hume.

Exam Tip: A.O. Hume's role in the formation of the Indian National Congress is a critical detail in early nationalist history.

 

Question 9. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Mumbai.
Answer: Mumbai
In simple words: The very first meeting of the Indian National Congress happened in Mumbai.

Exam Tip: Remember the location of the inaugural session as it marks the beginning of a significant political body.

 

Question 10. Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee was the president of the first session of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee
In simple words: Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee was the person chosen to lead the first meeting of the Indian National Congress.

Exam Tip: The first president of the Indian National Congress is a key figure to recall.

 

Question 11. About 72 members were present at the first session of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: 72
In simple words: There were about 72 people who attended the first meeting of the Indian National Congress.

Exam Tip: The number of delegates at the first session shows the initial reach and representation of the Congress.

 

Question 12. The work of the Indian National Congress in its initial stages was mainly constitutional.
Answer: constitutional
In simple words: In its early days, the Indian National Congress mainly worked through legal and peaceful methods.

Exam Tip: Understand the 'Moderate' phase of Congress, characterized by constitutional means.

 

Question 13. Viceroy Lord Curzon adopted the 'Divide and Rule' policy.
Answer: Lord Curzon
In simple words: Lord Curzon, the Viceroy, began the 'Divide and Rule' strategy.

Exam Tip: Associate Lord Curzon with the infamous 'Divide and Rule' policy.

 

Question 14. Viceroy Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal.
Answer: Lord Curzon
In simple words: Viceroy Lord Curzon was responsible for dividing Bengal.

Exam Tip: Connect Lord Curzon directly to the partition of Bengal in 1905.

 

Question 15. Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya composed the song, 'Vande Mataram'.
Answer: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya
In simple words: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya wrote the famous song 'Vande Mataram'.

Exam Tip: The composer of 'Vande Mataram' is a significant cultural and historical figure.

 

Question 16. The day of Bengal partition was declared as Sad Day/Day of Mourning.
Answer: Sad Day/Day of Mourning
In simple words: The day Bengal was divided was announced as a day of sorrow and grief.

Exam Tip: Recall how the partition of Bengal was symbolically observed by the Indian populace.

 

Question 17. The day of Bengal partition was declared as 'Day of Unity' on the suggestion of Rabindranath Tagore.
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore
In simple words: Rabindranath Tagore suggested that the day Bengal was divided should also be celebrated as a 'Day of Unity'.

Exam Tip: Remember Rabindranath Tagore's call for unity during the partition, symbolizing national solidarity.

 

Question 18. National education was one of the objectives of the Swadeshi movement started in 1905 C.E.
Answer: National education
In simple words: Promoting education for all Indians was a key goal of the Swadeshi movement, which began in 1905.

Exam Tip: Connect the Swadeshi movement with its key objectives, including national education.

 

Question 19. In 1901 C.E. poet laureate Rabindranath Tagore started the Vishwabharti School at Shanti Niketan in Bengal.
Answer: Shanti Niketan, Bengal
In simple words: Rabindranath Tagore founded the Vishwabharti School in 1901 at Shanti Niketan in Bengal.

Exam Tip: Know the location and founder of important educational institutions established during the nationalist period.

 

Question 20. Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Lokmanya Tilak) started community celebrations of the festivals of Ganesh Chaturthi and Shivaji Jayanti (Chhatrapati Shivaji's Birth Anniversary).
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Lokmanya Tilak)
In simple words: Bal Gangadhar Tilak began public celebrations of Ganesh Chaturthi and Shivaji Jayanti.

Exam Tip: Understand how cultural festivals were utilized to foster national unity and awakening by leaders like Tilak.

 

Question 21. Lala Lajpat Rai was popularly known as Sher-e-Punjab.
Answer: Sher-e-Punjab
In simple words: Lala Lajpat Rai was widely recognized by the title 'Sher-e-Punjab'.

Exam Tip: Ensure you can correctly identify historical figures by their popular titles.

 

Question 22. Lala Lajpat Rai died due to being beaten up in a police lathi charge.
Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai
In simple words: Lala Lajpat Rai passed away after being injured in a police baton charge.

Exam Tip: Key events leading to the death of freedom fighters are often asked in historical context questions.

 

Question 23. Lala Lajpat Rai said, "I declare that the blows struck at me will be the last nail in the coffin of British rule in India."
Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai
In simple words: Lala Lajpat Rai declared that the injuries he suffered would be the final end for British rule in India.

Exam Tip: Memorable quotes by leaders are important and should be attributed correctly.

 

Question 24. The Extremists believed in aggressive and active revolt against the British for attaining freedom.
Answer: Extremists
In simple words: The Extremists thought that freedom should be achieved through strong and direct protest against the British.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between the ideologies of Moderates and Extremists within the freedom movement.

 

Question 25. The Muslim League was established in 1906 C.E. in Dhaka.
Answer: Muslim League
In simple words: The Muslim League was founded in 1906 in the city of Dhaka.

Exam Tip: Remember the founding year and location of the Muslim League.

 

Question 26. The religious leader of the Muslims Aga Khan played an important role in the establishment of the Muslim League.
Answer: Aga Khan
In simple words: Aga Khan, a respected Muslim leader, was very important in setting up the Muslim League.

Exam Tip: Know the key figures involved in the formation of significant political organizations.

 

Question 27. In April 1916, Bal Gangadhar Tilak established the 'Indian Home Rule League'.
Answer: Indian Home Rule League
In simple words: Bal Gangadhar Tilak started the Indian Home Rule League in April 1916.

Exam Tip: The establishment of the Home Rule League by Tilak in 1916 is a crucial event in the fight for self-governance.

 

Question 28. Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave following slogan, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it."
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
In simple words: Bal Gangadhar Tilak was the one who famously said, "Freedom is my right from birth, and I will get it."

Exam Tip: Attributing famous quotes correctly is essential for historical accuracy.

 

Question 29. During the Home Rule Movement, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given the honorary title of 'Lokmanya'.
Answer: Lokmanya
In simple words: Bal Gangadhar Tilak earned the respected title 'Lokmanya' during the Home Rule Movement.

Exam Tip: Link prominent leaders with the titles they acquired during significant movements.

 

Question 30. Madam Annie Besant, leader of the Theosophical Society, established the 'Home Rule League' in September 1916.
Answer: Madam Annie Besant
In simple words: Madam Annie Besant, who led the Theosophical Society, also started a Home Rule League in September 1916.

Exam Tip: Remember both Tilak and Besant's contributions to the Home Rule movement, noting their separate leagues.

 

Question 31. The agreement that was made between the Congress and the Muslim League in 1916 C.E. in Lucknow is known as the 'Lucknow Pact'.
Answer: Lucknow
In simple words: The important agreement between Congress and the Muslim League made in 1916 in Lucknow is called the Lucknow Pact.

Exam Tip: The Lucknow Pact is a significant agreement showing temporary unity between Congress and the Muslim League.

 

Question 32. Subhash Chandra Bose was born in the year 1897.
Answer: 1897
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose was born in the year 1897.

Exam Tip: Knowing the birth year helps in constructing a timeline of the leader's life and events.

 

Question 33. Subhash Chandra Bose was born in the Cuttack city of Orissa (Odisha).
Answer: Cuttack
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose was born in the city of Cuttack, located in Orissa (now Odisha).

Exam Tip: Always specify both the city and the state/province for birthplaces of key figures.

 

Question 34. Subhash Chandra Bose was appointed as the president of the Congress Haripura Session in 1938 C.E.
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose was made the president of the Congress Haripura Session in 1938.

Exam Tip: Recall who presided over important Congress sessions, especially those leading up to major historical turning points.

 

Question 35. Subhash Chandra Bose formed a new political party named Forward Bloc in May 1939.
Answer: Forward Bloc
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose created a new political group called the Forward Bloc in May 1939.

Exam Tip: Knowing the names of political parties founded by prominent leaders is crucial.

 

Question 36. Captain Mohan Singh formed the 'Azad Hind Fauj'.
Answer: Mohan Singh
In simple words: Captain Mohan Singh was the one who established the Azad Hind Fauj.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between the founder and later leaders of organizations like the Azad Hind Fauj.

 

Question 37. Subhash Chandra Bose became the chief of the Azad Hind Fauj in 1943 C.E.
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose took over as the head of the Azad Hind Fauj in 1943.

Exam Tip: Remember the year when Subhash Chandra Bose took command of the Azad Hind Fauj.

 

Question 38. Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogan 'Chalo Delhi' to Azad Hind Fauj and the slogan 'Jai Hind' to the nation.
Answer: Chalo Delhi, Jai Hind
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogan 'Chalo Delhi' to his army and 'Jai Hind' to all of India.

Exam Tip: Know the specific slogans and to whom they were addressed, as this helps clarify their context.

 

Question 39. In October 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose established a 'Provisional government' of free India in Singapore.
Answer: Provisional
In simple words: In October 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose created a temporary government for free India in Singapore.

Exam Tip: The establishment of a provisional government in Singapore is a key detail showing Bose's international efforts.

 

Question 40. The provisional government established by Subhash Chandra Bose declared war on England and America.
Answer: England and America
In simple words: The temporary government formed by Subhash Chandra Bose announced that it was at war with England and America.

Exam Tip: Understanding the alliances and declarations of war by Bose's provisional government is crucial for context.

 

State whether the following statements are true or false:

 

Question 1. The British would carry finished goods made in India to England and would bring raw material from England to India.
Answer: False
In simple words: The British actually took raw materials from India to England and brought finished goods back to India, not the other way around.

Exam Tip: Clearly understand the exploitative nature of British economic policies, which involved raw material export from India and finished goods import into India.

 

Question 2. Indian newspapers criticized British government and awakened feelings of nationalism in Indian people.
Answer: True
In simple words: Indian newspapers openly criticized the British government and successfully fostered a sense of national pride among Indians.

Exam Tip: The press played a crucial role in shaping public opinion and spreading nationalist ideas.

 

Question 3. Bengal was the largest state of British India.
Answer: True
In simple words: Bengal was indeed the biggest province under British rule in India.

Exam Tip: Geographical and administrative facts about British India are important to remember.

 

Question 4. Muslims protested aggressively against the partition of Bengali.
Answer: False
In simple words: It was primarily Hindus who strongly protested the partition of Bengal, while some Muslims initially supported it, believing it would create a Muslim-majority province.

Exam Tip: Be aware of the varying responses from different communities to historical events like the partition of Bengal.

 

Question 5. Surendranath Bannerjee was a leader of the moderate system.
Answer: True
In simple words: Surendranath Bannerjee was indeed a leader who followed the moderate approach in politics.

Exam Tip: Classify prominent leaders correctly into moderate or extremist factions based on their approaches to achieving independence.

 

Question 6. The British had not adopted the 'Divide and Rule' policy.
Answer: False
In simple words: The British very much adopted the 'Divide and Rule' policy to maintain control over India.

Exam Tip: The 'Divide and Rule' policy was a fundamental strategy of the British in India; remember its implementation.

 

Question 7. Captain Mohan Singh was the chief of the Indian army.
Answer: False
In simple words: Captain Mohan Singh was the founder of the Azad Hind Fauj, but he was not the chief of the entire Indian army, which was under British control.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between the leadership of nationalist armies (like Azad Hind Fauj) and the official British Indian Army.

 

Question 8. Netaji gave the slogan 'Jai Hind' to the people of India.
Answer: True
In simple words: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose gave the greeting 'Jai Hind' to the people of India.

Exam Tip: Attribute famous slogans correctly to the leaders who popularized them.

 

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:

 

Question 1. Which were the main reasons for the rise and development of nationalism in India? OR Which are the main factors responsible for the rise and development of nationalism in India?
Answer: Factors like political unity and uniform administration, economic exploitation practiced by the British, faster travel and communication, English education, development of local literature, newspapers, and an awakening to India's rich cultural heritage all led to the growth of nationalism in India.
In simple words: Nationalism in India grew because of things like unified British rule, unfair economic practices, better travel, English education, new literature, newspapers, and a renewed pride in Indian history.

Exam Tip: List key factors such as political, economic, social, and cultural influences to provide a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 2. When did the factors responsible for nationalism develop in India?
Answer: The factors responsible for the rise of nationalism in India notably developed only after the mutiny of 1857 C.E.
In simple words: The reasons for nationalism growing in India mostly appeared after the big uprising in 1857.

Exam Tip: Connect the development of nationalism with the post-1857 period, as it marked a turning point in Indian history.

 

Question 3. From where did the modern concept of nationalism originate?
Answer: The modern concept of nationalism originated in Europe.
In simple words: The idea of modern nationalism first came from Europe.

Exam Tip: Knowing the origins of political concepts helps understand their global spread and influence.

 

Question 4. Which factors played an important role in spreading nationalism in Europe?
Answer: Factors like the Renaissance, Reformation, American and French Revolutions, Unification of Italy and Germany, etc., played an important role in spreading nationalism in Europe.
In simple words: Events such as the Renaissance, Reformation, and the American and French Revolutions, along with the unification of countries like Italy and Germany, greatly helped nationalism grow in Europe.

Exam Tip: Identify key historical movements and political events that fueled nationalist sentiments across Europe.

 

Question 5. For which principles did Indians get inspiration from the French Revolution?
Answer: Indians acquired ideas for the values of freedom, fairness, and brotherhood from the French upheaval.
In simple words: Indians learned about liberty, equality, and fraternity from the French Revolution, which inspired them.

Exam Tip: Remember the core ideals of the French Revolution-Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity-as they significantly influenced nationalist movements worldwide.

 

Question 6. Who discovered many archaeological remains depicting India's rich heritage?
Answer: The old archaeologist Alexander Cunningham and his helpers, along with Indian archaeological experts like Rai Bahadur Dayaram Sahni, Madho Swarup Vats, and Rakhal Das, found many old artifacts showing India's grand past.
In simple words: Alexander Cunningham and other Indian experts like Rai Bahadur Dayaram Sahni found many old things that showed India's rich history.

Exam Tip: When discussing archaeological contributions, name the key figures involved to show comprehensive knowledge.

 

Question 7. Who made efforts to establish the Indian National Congress? When was it established?
Answer: Sir Allan Octavian Hume, a former British officer, worked to set up the Indian National Congress. This important organization was created in December 1885.
In simple words: Sir A. O. Hume, a British officer, helped start the Indian National Congress in December 1885.

Exam Tip: For questions about the establishment of major organizations, always include the founder's name and the exact year of formation.

 

Question 8. Where was the first session of the Indian National Congress held? Who was its president?
Answer: The Indian National Congress's first meeting happened on December 28, 1885, at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit School in Mumbai. Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee served as its first president.
In simple words: The first meeting of the Indian National Congress was in Mumbai on December 28, 1885, with Vyomeshchandra Bannerjee as president.

Exam Tip: Pinpoint the exact location and the inaugural president for key historical events.

 

Question 9. Which leaders were present at the first session of the Indian National Congress?
Answer: Many important leaders, such as Dadabhai Navroji, Gopalkrishna Gokhale, Firozshah Mehta, Badruddin Taiyabji, K. T. Telang, and Dinshaw Vachcha, attended the first meeting of the Indian National Congress.
In simple words: Key leaders like Dadabhai Navroji, Gopalkrishna Gokhale, and Firozshah Mehta attended the first Congress meeting.

Exam Tip: Listing several key figures demonstrates a good grasp of the historical context and important personalities.

 

Question 10. Which policy did Lord Curzon adopt in order to divide Bengal?
Answer: Viceroy Lord Curzon adopted the 'Divide and Rule' policy to weaken national unity and political awakening among the people of India. He aimed to separate Hindu and Muslim communities by partitioning Bengal, believing it would diminish the strength of the nationalist movement.
In simple words: Lord Curzon used the 'Divide and Rule' policy to split Bengal, hoping to weaken Indian unity and nationalist feelings.

Exam Tip: When asked about policies like 'Divide and Rule', always explain its purpose and the impact it had.

 

Question 11. Why did Lord Curzon want to divide Bengal?
Answer: The main reason for splitting Bengal was that Viceroy Lord Curzon wished to encourage communal differences between Hindus and Muslims. He aimed to do this by separating Muslim-majority East Bengal to reduce the power of national political awareness among the Indian population.
In simple words: Lord Curzon wanted to divide Bengal to create tension between Hindus and Muslims and weaken India's growing nationalist spirit.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the primary objective behind Lord Curzon's decision, emphasizing his strategic aim to create divisions.

 

Question 12. Which song became the slogan during the Bang-bhang movement?
Answer: The song 'Vande Mataram', found in the book 'Anand Math' and composed by Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya, turned into a well-known slogan during the Bang-Bhang movement.
In simple words: The song 'Vande Mataram', written by Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya in 'Anand Math', became a popular slogan in the Bang-Bhang movement.

Exam Tip: Mentioning both the song and its source (novel and author) adds depth to your answer.

 

Question 13. On whose suggestion was the day of Bengal partition observed as 'Day of Unity'?
Answer: Based on the recommendation of the famous poet Rabindranath Tagore, the day was marked as 'Day of Unity'.
In simple words: Rabindranath Tagore suggested observing the Bengal partition day as 'Day of Unity'.

Exam Tip: Identifying specific figures and their contributions helps to highlight important historical leadership.

 

Question 14. What were the main objectives of the Bang- Bhang movement?
Answer: The Bang-Bhang movement had three key goals:
1. To only buy and use Indian (Swadeshi) products,
2. To refuse to buy goods brought in from Britain, and
3. To gain national education and avoid English schooling.
In simple words: The movement aimed to use only Indian goods, boycott British goods, and promote national education while avoiding English education.

Exam Tip: When outlining objectives, use clear and concise bullet points to make the information easy to understand.

 

Question 15. Who were the main leaders of the committee formed to protest against the partition of Bengal?
Answer: Surendranath Bannerjee, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Arvind Ghosh were the key leaders who guided a group set up to oppose the division of Bengal.
In simple words: Surendranath Bannerjee, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Arvind Ghosh were the main leaders protesting the Bengal partition.

Exam Tip: Naming multiple prominent leaders showcases a thorough understanding of the movement's organization and leadership.

 

Question 16. What provisions were made in Bengal for national education?
Answer: In 1907 C.E., Bengal saw the opening of 25 national secondary schools and 300 national primary schools to provide national education. Additionally, Rabindranath Tagore had established the 'Vishwabharti School' in Shanti Niketan.
In simple words: In 1907, Bengal started 25 national secondary schools and 300 primary schools for national education, and Rabindranath Tagore also opened 'Vishwabharti School'.

Exam Tip: Quantify the provisions (number of schools) and mention notable institutions or figures involved to provide a complete answer.

 

Question 17. In which manner did the extremists want freedom?
Answer: Extremist leaders did not see freedom as a gift, but as something they deserved by right. Thus, they were prepared to fight for it with strong and direct action.
In simple words: Extremists believed freedom was their right, not a favor, and were ready to fight aggressively for it.

Exam Tip: Differentiate the extremists' approach to freedom from other groups by focusing on their direct and assertive methods.

 

Question 18. Who was the main leader of the extremist movement?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, widely recognized as Lokmanya Tilak, was the primary figure guiding the Extremist movement.
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak, also known as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, was the main leader of the Extremist movement.

Exam Tip: When identifying key leaders, including their popular titles or aliases can enhance your answer.

 

Question 19. Which slogan did Lokmanya Tilak give?
Answer: Lokmanya Tilak declared to the Indian population: "Self-rule is my birthright, and I will achieve it."
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak's slogan was "Swaraj (Self-rule) is my birthright and I shall have it."

Exam Tip: Quote famous slogans accurately and attribute them correctly to show historical precision.

 

Question 20. What did Lala Lajpat Rai say when he was being beaten up by sticks (during the lathi charge)?
Answer: As police hit him with sticks during the 'lathi-charge,' Lala Lajpat Rai stated, "A government that harms its own blameless citizens has no right to be called civilized. Remember, such a government will not last for long. I announce that the hits I am receiving now will be the final push towards ending British rule in India."
In simple words: Lala Lajpat Rai declared that the blows he received from the police would be the last blow to British rule in India.

Exam Tip: For direct quotes, reproduce them exactly and explain the context in which they were spoken.

 

Question 21. Which newspapers did Bipinchandra Pal start?
Answer: Bipin Chandra Pal launched a weekly publication called 'New India' and another newspaper known as 'Vande Mataram'.
In simple words: Bipin Chandra Pal started the weekly 'New India' and a newspaper called 'Vande Mataram'.

Exam Tip: When asked about publications, list both the names and their frequency (if known) to provide full detail.

 

Question 22. Which newspapers did Lokmanya Tilak start?
Answer: Lokmanya Tilak began a Marathi newspaper named 'Kesari' and an English newspaper called 'Maratha'.
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak started two newspapers: 'Kesari' in Marathi and 'Maratha' in English.

Exam Tip: Specify the language of the newspapers if it's relevant, as it shows their target audience.

 

Question 23. For which festivals did Lokmanya Tilak start community celebrations?
Answer: Lokmanya Tilak began group celebrations for the festivals of Ganesh Chaturthi and Shivaji Jayanti, which marks Chhatrapati Shivaji's Birth Anniversary.
In simple words: Lokmanya Tilak started community celebrations for Ganesh Chaturthi and Shivaji Jayanti.

Exam Tip: Understand how cultural events like festivals were used to foster national unity and awareness.

 

Question 24. Where and when was the 'Muslim League' established?
Answer: The 'Muslim League' was created in 1906 C.E. in the city of Dhaka.
In simple words: The Muslim League was formed in Dhaka in 1906 C.E.

Exam Tip: Provide the exact year and location when detailing the formation of significant political parties.

 

Question 25. Who started the Home Rule movement? When?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Madam Annie Besant launched the Home Rule movement in 1916 C.E.
In simple words: Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant started the Home Rule movement in 1916.

Exam Tip: Remember to name both key figures who initiated the Home Rule movement and the year of its inception.

 

Question 26. Through which newspapers did Lokmanya Tilak and Annie Besant to propagate the Home Rule Movement?
Answer: Lokmanya Tilak spread the Home Rule Movement using his newspapers 'Kesari' and 'Maratha'. Madam Annie Besant also promoted the movement through her newspapers, 'New India' and 'The Commonweal'.
In simple words: Tilak used 'Kesari' and 'Maratha', while Besant used 'New India' and 'The Commonweal' to spread the Home Rule Movement.

Exam Tip: Knowing the specific media used by leaders (like newspapers) helps illustrate their communication strategies.

 

Question 27. Which pact is considered important in the history of India's freedom struggle?
Answer: The 'Lucknow Pact' is seen as a key agreement in India's fight for independence.
In simple words: The 'Lucknow Pact' is a very important agreement in India's struggle for freedom.

Exam Tip: Highlight the 'Lucknow Pact' as a significant event that temporarily brought together different nationalist groups.

 

Question 28. Of which sessions of the Congress had Subhash Chandra Bose become the president?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose served as president for the Congress Haripura Session in 1938 C.E. and also for the Tripura Session in 1939 C.E.
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose was president of the Congress Haripura Session in 1938 and the Tripura Session in 1939.

Exam Tip: Mentioning specific sessions and years of presidency for a leader demonstrates detailed historical knowledge.

 

Question 29. Which vow had Subhash Chandra Bose taken?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose had pledged that he would not return to an India that was still under foreign control.
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose vowed never to enter an India that was not free.

Exam Tip: Understand the personal commitments of leaders as they often reveal their deep dedication to the cause of freedom.

 

Question 30. When and how did Subhash Chandra Bose die?
Answer: Based on reports from the Japanese government, Subhash Chandra Bose's aircraft departed from Taipei airport in Formosa on August 18, 1945, and later crashed. Subhash Chandra Bose suffered severe burns and ultimately passed away from his injuries.
In simple words: According to Japanese reports, Subhash Chandra Bose died on August 18, 1945, from injuries after his plane crashed in Formosa.

Exam Tip: When discussing controversial historical events, mention the source of information (e.g., specific government reports).

 

Write Short Notes On:

 

Question 1. Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose, born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Orissa (now Odisha), to Prabhavati and Janakinath Bose, was a highly skilled individual. He achieved the 4th rank in the ICS exam in London in 1920. After returning to India, he joined the Indian National Congress and faced imprisonment many times. He became president of the Congress Haripura Session in 1938 and again for the Tripura Session in 1939, but had to resign due to disagreements. In May 1939, he formed a new political party called the Forward Bloc. During World War II, after a hunger strike, he was released by the British but kept under house arrest. On January 17, 1941, he escaped from his home, disguised as a Pathan, and travelled through Peshawar, Kabul, and Moscow to Berlin, then to Japan. Following Captain Mohan Singh's resignation, Rasbihari Bose named Subhash Chandra Bose as the chief of the 'Azad Hind Fauj' on July 4, 1943. He was granted the honorary title of 'Netaji.' He gave the 'Azad Hind Fauj' the slogans 'Chalo Delhi' and 'Jai Hind.' Netaji toured various South-East Asian countries, urging Indians to dedicate everything for India's freedom with the powerful words, "You give me blood and I will give you freedom." (This translates to: 'Turn mujhe khoon do, main tumhe azadi doonga.') He founded the Aarzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (Interim Government of Free India) in Singapore in October 1943, which declared war against England and America. He restructured the Azad Hind Fauj, becoming its Chief of Army. The troops received proper training and were organized into different groups. The Fauj won on several fronts along India's Eastern Border but later had to withdraw because of insufficient food and heavy rainfall. Subhash Chandra Bose had promised he would never set foot in an India still under foreign rule. Reports from the Japanese government suggest that his plane departed from Taipei in Formosa on August 18, 1945, crashed, and Netaji, severely burned, eventually passed away.
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose, also called Netaji, was a key freedom fighter who led the Azad Hind Fauj. He escaped British arrest, traveled abroad for support, and inspired Indians with his call for freedom. He was president of the Congress twice but left due to differences. He formed the Forward Bloc and established a provisional government in Singapore. He is believed to have died in a plane crash in 1945.

Exam Tip: A detailed note on a historical figure should cover their early life, political career, key movements, leadership roles, significant contributions, and eventual demise.

 

Question 2. The Partition of Bengal
Answer: The increasing unity and strength among Indians started to worry the British. To further diminish Indian cohesion, Viceroy Lord Curzon introduced the 'Divide and Rule' strategy, splitting Bengal in 1905. Bengal, as British India's largest province, was hard to manage. So, Viceroy Curzon divided Bengal, but his true goal was to create communal divisions between Hindus and Muslims, thereby lessening the force of political awareness among Indian citizens. Yet, Indian leaders and regular citizens understood this plan and fought against it strongly. This opposition sparked the Bang-Bhang movement and strong nationalist protests, which eventually made the British reverse the partition in 1911. The song 'Vande Mataram', from Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya's novel 'Anand Math', turned into a key slogan during the protests against the Bengal partition. The day of Bengal's division was marked as 'Mourning Day' (National Mourning Day). Following Rabindranath Tagore's suggestion, it was also celebrated as 'Day of Unity'.
In simple words: Lord Curzon divided Bengal in 1905 using the 'Divide and Rule' strategy to weaken Indian unity by creating communal tensions. This led to strong protests like the Bang-Bhang movement, with 'Vande Mataram' as a slogan, and the partition was eventually reversed in 1911. The day was observed as 'Mourning Day' and also 'Day of Unity' by Rabindranath Tagore.

Exam Tip: When discussing historical partitions, analyze both the official reasons and the underlying political motivations, as well as the public reaction, key slogans, and long-term consequences.

 

Question 3. The Home Rule Revolution
Answer: From 1916 to 1918, shortly after World War I concluded, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Madam Annie Besant, alongside important Indian figures like Joseph Baptista, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, G.S. Kharpade, and Sir S. Subramania Iyer, formed a national coalition of leagues in India. Their aim was to request Home Rule, or self-governance, for all of India within the British Empire. Tilak earned the title 'Lokmanya' for promoting Home Rule through his newspapers, 'Kesari' and 'Maratha'. Madam Annie Besant contributed by writing many articles in her weekly, 'The Common Will', and her daily paper, 'New India'. She urged the British to share governing authority and give India Home Rule quickly. Annie Besant was held under house arrest in Ooty. After many protests and public gatherings across the country, the British were compelled to release her. The Home Rule Movement received backing from both the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.
In simple words: The Home Rule Movement, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant from 1916-1918, aimed for self-governance within the British Empire. They used newspapers and rallies to spread their message, gaining support from both Congress and the Muslim League despite government suppression.

Exam Tip: When explaining a movement, detail its timeline, key leaders, objectives, methods of propagation (e.g., newspapers), government reactions, and eventual outcomes or support it garnered.

 

Give Brief Introductions:

 

Question 1. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, commonly called Lokmanya Tilak, was a major figure in the Extremist movement. He was known as 'Bal' within the famous 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio. He declared the slogan: "Self-rule is my birthright, and I will achieve it." He began public celebrations of 'Ganesh Chaturthi' and 'Shivaji Jayanti' to bring the Maratha community together. He also launched two newspapers: 'Kesari' in Marathi and 'Maratha' in English. He played a significant part in the 'Home Rule Movement' in 1916 C.E. Tilak was given the honorary title of 'Lokmanya.'
In simple words: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, or Lokmanya Tilak, was an extremist leader and part of the 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio. He famously said, "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it," and promoted nationalism through festivals and his newspapers 'Kesari' and 'Maratha', playing a key role in the Home Rule Movement.

Exam Tip: For profiles of leaders, cover their affiliations, key roles, famous slogans, contributions to national unity (e.g., through festivals), and media initiatives.

 

Question 2. Lala Lajpat Rai
Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai (1856-1928) earned fame as 'Punjab Kesari' or 'Sher-e-Punjab'. He suffered severe blows during a 'lathi charge' while protesting against the Simon Commission, which ultimately led to his death. Lala Lajpat Rai declared, “Every hit aimed at me is a final nail in the coffin of British rule.” He was the 'Lal' of the well-known 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio and was considered an extremist leader.
In simple words: Lala Lajpat Rai, also known as 'Punjab Kesari', was an extremist leader from the 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio. He died after being beaten during a protest against the Simon Commission, stating his blows would end British rule.

Exam Tip: For biographical sketches, include significant titles, key events leading to their demise, famous last words, and their role in prominent nationalist trios.

 

Question 3. Bipin Chandra Pal
Answer: Bipin Chandra Pal (1858-1932) was the 'Pal' from the famous Lal-Bal-Pal trio. He launched the 'New India Weekly' and a newspaper called 'Vande Mataram'. He faced accusations of encouraging young people towards violent actions. He was an extremist leader because he supported gaining self-rule through revolutionary methods.
In simple words: Bipin Chandra Pal, the 'Pal' of the Lal-Bal-Pal trio, was an extremist leader who started 'New India Weekly' and 'Vande Mataram'. He advocated for Swaraj through revolutionary means and was accused of inciting youth to violence.

Exam Tip: When describing leaders, note their association with famous groups, their media ventures, political ideologies, and any controversies or accusations they faced.

 

Match the Pairs Correctly:

 

Question. Match the items in column 'A' with those in column 'B' appropriately.

Answer: The correct matches are:
1. Rabindranath Tagore - Shanti Niketan
2. Lokmanya Tilak - Kesari
3. Lala Lajpat Rai - Shere-e-Punjab
4. Bipin Chandra Pal - New India
5. Annie Besant - The Common Will
In simple words: The pairs connect each person from list 'A' with their correct associated item or work from list 'B'.

Exam Tip: Always double-check your matching answers against historical facts to ensure accuracy, especially for prominent figures and their contributions.

 

Question. Correctly matched events and their years are given below. Draw a timeline and show these events on it: [Scale: 1 cm = 5 Years]
(1) 1905 A.D. - Bengal was partitioned
(2) 1916 A.D. - Lucknow Pact
(3) 1921 A.D. - Subhash Chandra Bose passed the ICS exam
(4) 1928 A.D. - Simon Commission came to India
Answer: The key historical events and their respective years, suitable for a timeline, are as follows:
1. 1905 A.D. – Bengal was divided.
2. 1916 A.D. – The Lucknow Pact was signed.
3. 1921 A.D. – Subhash Chandra Bose cleared the ICS examination.
4. 1928 A.D. – The Simon Commission arrived in India.
In simple words: To create the timeline, place each event at its correct year on the line. For example, the Bengal partition goes at 1905, and the Lucknow Pact at 1916.

Exam Tip: When presenting events on a timeline, ensure the years and corresponding events are accurately matched and listed in chronological order.