GSEB Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 1 વનસ્પતિમાં પોષણ

પાઠ્યપુસ્તકના સ્વાધ્યાયના પ્રશ્નોત્તર

Question 1. સજીવોને ખોરાક લેવાની જરૂર શા માટે હોય છે?
Answer: Living beings need food to get the essential energy for various tasks, to support their body's growth and development, to repair wear and tear in the body, and to keep themselves healthy and free from illness.
In simple words: Living things need food for energy, growth, repair, and to stay healthy.

Exam Tip: When explaining basic biological needs, always cover energy, growth, repair, and overall health to score full marks.

Question 2. પરોપજીવી અને મૃતોપજીવીનો તફાવત આપો.
Answer:

Exam Tip: For differentiation questions, always use a table format with clear, distinct points for each category. Provide a relevant example for each.

Question 3. પર્ણમાં સ્ટાર્સની હાજરી કેવી રીતે ચકાસશો?
Answer: The method to check for the presence of starch in a leaf is as follows:
1. Take a green leaf from a plant that has been in sunlight.
2. Boil the leaf in a beaker filled with water for 5 – 6 minutes.
3. After that, wash the leaf thoroughly with alcohol to remove its green color.
4. Place two drops of iodine solution on this leaf and observe its color.
5. The leaf's color will turn blue-black, which indicates the presence of starch in the leaf.
In simple words: To check for starch, boil a green leaf in water, then alcohol to remove green. Add iodine; if it turns blue-black, starch is present.

Exam Tip: Remember the iodine test for starch is a key experiment. The color change to blue-black is crucial for indicating starch presence.

Question 4. લીલી વનસ્પતિમાં ખોરાક બનાવવાની ક્રિયાનું ટૂંકમાં વર્ણન કરો.
Answer: Green plants have a green-colored pigment in their leaves, which is called chlorophyll. This helps the leaves absorb sunlight. This energy is used by the leaves to produce food from carbon dioxide and water. Thus, green plants synthesize food in the form of carbohydrates with the help of chlorophyll and sunlight, using carbon dioxide and water, and they release oxygen gas. This process is called photosynthesis. The equation for this process is as follows:
કાર્બન ડાયોક્સાઈડ + પાણી
\( \xrightarrow{સૂર્યપ્રકાશ \\ હરિતદ્રવ્ય} \) કાર્બોદિત પદાર્થ + ઑક્સિજન
In simple words: Green plants use chlorophyll in their leaves to absorb sunlight. They mix sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make their own food (carbohydrates) and release oxygen. This whole process is called photosynthesis.

Exam Tip: Be sure to include all key components: chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and the products: carbohydrates (food) and oxygen. Writing the word equation is also important.

Question 5. રેખાચિત્ર દ્વારા દર્શાવો કે, વનસ્પતિ એ ખોરાક માટેનો અદ્વિતીય સ્ત્રોત છે'.
Answer:
In simple words: This diagram shows that sunlight gives energy to green plants. These plants make food, which then moves to animals that eat plants (herbivores), then to animals that eat other animals (carnivores), and finally to decomposers when everything dies. This chain begins with plants.

Exam Tip: Clearly label each component and use arrows to show the flow of energy. Ensure the sequence starts with a primary energy source (Sun) and moves through producers and consumers.

Question 6. ખાલી જગ્યા પૂરો:
Question 1. લીલી વનસ્પતિ __________ કહેવાય છે, કારણ કે તેઓ પોતાનો ખોરાક જાતે બનાવે છે.
Answer: સ્વાવલંબી
In simple words: Green plants are called autotrophs because they prepare their own food.

Exam Tip: Remember that "autotrophs" are organisms that can produce their own food, usually through photosynthesis.

Question 2. વનસ્પતિ દ્વારા બનાવાયેલ ખોરાક ........... સ્વરૂપે સંગ્રહ પામે છે.
Answer: સ્ટાર્ચ
In simple words: Plants store the food they make as starch.

Exam Tip: Starch is the primary storage carbohydrate in plants, essential for their energy reserves.

Question 3. __________ નામના રંજકદ્રવ્ય દ્વારા શોષણ પામે છે.
Answer: હરિતદ્રવ્ય (ક્લોરોફિલ)
In simple words: Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs light energy in plants.

Exam Tip: Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants responsible for capturing sunlight during photosynthesis.

Question 4. પ્રકાશસંશ્વેષણ દરમિયાન વનસ્પતિ __________ વાયુ લે છે અને __________ વાયુ મુક્ત કરે છે.
Answer: કાર્બન ડાયૉક્સાઈડ, ઑક્સિજન
In simple words: During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

Exam Tip: Remember the gas exchange in photosynthesis: CO2 is taken in, O2 is given out, which is vital for life on Earth.

Question 7. નીચેનાનાં નામ આપોઃ
Question 1. પીળી, પાતળી દોરી જેવું પ્રકાંડ ધરાવતી પરોપજીવી વનસ્પતિ
Answer: અમરવેલ
In simple words: Cuscuta is a parasitic plant with a thin, yellow, thread-like stem.

Exam Tip: Cuscuta (Dodder) is a classic example of a parasitic plant that lacks chlorophyll and relies entirely on a host.

Question 2. સ્વયંપોષણ અને પરપોષણ બંને પ્રકારનું પોષણ ધરાવતી વનસ્પતિ.
Answer: કળશપર્ણ
In simple words: The Pitcher plant is a unique plant that can make its own food but also eats insects.

Exam Tip: Pitcher plants are insectivorous plants that can perform photosynthesis but supplement their nutrition by trapping insects, making them partially heterotrophic.

Question 3. પર્ણમાં વાતવિનિમય જે છિદ્રો દ્વારા થાય છે તે
Answer: પર્ણરંધ્રો
In simple words: Stomata are the tiny holes on leaves where gases are exchanged with the air.

Exam Tip: Stomata are crucial for photosynthesis and transpiration, regulating gas exchange and water loss in plants.

Question 8. સાચો વિકલ્પ પસંદ કરોઃ
Question 1. અમરવેલ એ ...........નું ઉદાહરણ છે.
(a) સ્વયંપોષી
(b) પરપોષી
(c) મૃતોપજીવી
(d) યજમાન
Answer: (b) પરપોષી
In simple words: Cuscuta is a parasite, meaning it depends on other living things for its food.

Exam Tip: Carefully distinguish between autotrophs (make own food), heterotrophs (get food from others), parasites (live on hosts), and saprotrophs (live on dead matter).

Question 2. આ વનસ્પતિ કીટકોને ફસાવે છે અને આરોગે છે.
(a) અમરવેલ
(b) જાસૂદ
(c) કળશપર્ણ
(d) ગુલાબ
Answer: (c) કળશપર્ણ
In simple words: The Pitcher plant catches and consumes insects.

Exam Tip: Pitcher plants are insectivorous, meaning they trap and digest insects to obtain nutrients, especially nitrogen, that are scarce in their environment.

Question 9. કૉલમ ‘I' અને કૉલમ ‘II'નાં જોડકાં જોડોઃ
Answer:

Exam Tip: For matching questions, understand the relationship between each pair. Chlorophyll is in leaves, bacteria help with nitrogen fixation, Cuscuta is a parasite, animals are heterotrophic, and pitcher plants trap insects.

Question 10. સાચા વિધાન સામે 'T' કરો અને ખોટા વિધાન સામે 'F' કરોઃ
Question 1. પ્રકાશસંશ્લેષણ દરમિયાન કાર્બન ડાયૉક્સાઈડ મુક્ત થાય છે.
Answer: (F)
In simple words: During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide, they don't release it. They release oxygen instead.

Exam Tip: Remember the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis: plants consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

Question 2. જે વનસ્પતિઓ પોતાનો ખોરાક જાતે બનાવે છે, તેને – મૃતોપજીવી કહે છે.
Answer: (F)
In simple words: Plants that make their own food are called autotrophs, not saprotrophs. Saprotrophs get food from dead things.

Exam Tip: Autotrophs synthesize their own food, while saprotrophs obtain nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter.

Question 3. પ્રોટીન એ પ્રકાશસંશ્લેષણની પેદાશ નથી.
Answer: (T)
In simple words: Photosynthesis mainly produces carbohydrates, not proteins. Proteins are built from other elements like nitrogen later.

Exam Tip: The primary product of photosynthesis is glucose (a carbohydrate), which is then used to synthesize other organic molecules like proteins and fats.

Question 4. પ્રકાશસંશ્લેષણ દરમિયાન સૂર્ય-ઊર્જા એ રાસાયણિક-ઊર્જામાં રૂપાંતરિત થાય છે.
Answer: (T)
In simple words: In photosynthesis, light energy from the sun is changed into chemical energy, which is stored in the food produced.

Exam Tip: This statement describes a fundamental energy conversion process where light energy is transformed into chemical energy stored in organic compounds.

Question 11. નીચે આપેલા વિકલ્પોમાંથી ખરો વિકલ્પ પસંદ કરોઃ પ્રકાશસંશ્લેષણ માટે વનસ્પતિનો કયો ભાગ વાતાવરણમાંથી કાર્બન ડાયોક્સાઈડ લે છે?
A. મૂળરોમ
B. પર્ણરંદ્ર
C. પર્ણશિરા
D. વજપત્ર
Answer: (B) પર્ણરંદ્ર
In simple words: The tiny pores on a leaf, called stomata, are where plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis.

Exam Tip: Stomata are the primary sites for gas exchange in plants, allowing carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit.

Question 12. નીચે આપેલા વિકલ્પોમાંથી આપેલ વિધાન માટે ખરો વિકલ્પ પસંદ કરો: વનસ્પતિ વાતાવરણમાંથી કાર્બન ડાયૉક્સાઈડ મુખ્યત્વે __________ દ્વારા લે છે.
A. મૂળ
B. usis
C. પુષ્પો
D. પર્ણ
Answer: (D) પર્ણ
In simple words: Plants mainly take in carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves.

Exam Tip: The broad, flat surface of leaves, covered with stomata, makes them the primary organs for efficient gas exchange.

Question 13. ખેડૂતો મોટા ગ્રીનહાઉસમાં ઘણાં ફળો અને શાકભાજી શા માટે ઉગાડે છે? તેનાથી ખેડૂતોને શા ફાયદા થાય?
Answer: Growing fruit and vegetable plants in a greenhouse protects the plants from excessive heat or cold outside. This helps the plants to grow properly. The benefits to farmers from growing fruits and vegetables in a greenhouse are as follows:
1. Temperature control is possible in a greenhouse. This protects young plants from extreme heat and cold. Therefore, farmers get a good yield.
2. Plants grown in a greenhouse cannot be harmed by animals. This prevents damage to the farmer's crop.
3. Special care needs to be taken to grow fruit and vegetable plants, which is possible in a greenhouse.
In simple words: Farmers grow fruits and vegetables in big greenhouses to protect them from extreme weather like too much heat or cold, ensuring better growth. It also keeps animals away and allows for special care, leading to higher yields.

Exam Tip: When discussing benefits of greenhouses, focus on climate control, pest protection, and enhanced care, all leading to improved yield and quality.

પાઠ્યપુસ્તકની પ્રવૃત્તિઓની સમજ

પ્રવૃત્તિ 1: પ્રકાશસંશ્લેષણની પ્રક્રિયા માટે સૂર્યપ્રકાશ જરૂરી છે તે દર્શાવવું. સાધન-સામગ્રી કૂંડામાં ઉગાડેલા એકસરખા પ્રકારના બે છોડ, આયોડિનનું દ્રાવણ.
Answer:
પદ્ધતિ:
1. Take two similar plants grown in pots.
2. Keep one potted plant in a dark room.
3. Place the other potted plant in sunlight.
4. Water both potted plants regularly.
5. After 3-4 days, pluck one leaf from each plant.
6. Perform the iodine test on each leaf to check for starch. Note your observations.
7. Then, place the potted plant that was in the dark room in sunlight for 3-4 days.
8. Afterwards, perform the iodine test again to check for the presence of starch. Note your observations.
અવલોકન:
1. When iodine solution is placed on the leaf of the plant kept in sunlight, it turns blue-black, which shows the presence of starch.
2. When iodine solution is placed on the leaf of the plant kept in the dark, it does not turn blue-black, which shows the absence of starch.
3. After placing the plant from the dark in sunlight for 3-4 days and performing the iodine test, it indicates the presence of starch.
નિર્ણય: Sunlight is necessary for the process of photosynthesis.
In simple words: This activity shows that plants need sunlight to make food. We test leaves from a plant kept in the sun and one kept in the dark using iodine. The leaf from the sun turns blue-black (starch present), but the one from the dark doesn't (no starch). If we move the dark plant to the sun, its leaves later show starch. This proves sunlight is essential.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the objective, list materials, detail the step-by-step procedure, record observations, and draw a precise conclusion, emphasizing the role of sunlight in photosynthesis.

પ્રવૃત્તિ 2: વાસી બ્રેડ પર ફૂગની હાજરી તપાસવી. સાધન-સામગ્રી: બ્રેડ, સૂક્ષ્મદર્શક યંત્ર, પાણી.
Answer:
પદ્ધતિઃ
1. Take a piece of bread and moisten it with water.
2. Keep it in a warm, humid environment for 2-3 days.
3. After 2-3 days, take the bread and observe it under a microscope.
અવલોકનઃ You will see thread-like structures on the bread.
નિર્ણયઃ Fungus is present on stale bread.
In simple words: To check for mold on bread, wet a piece of bread and leave it in a warm, moist place for a few days. Then, look at it under a microscope. You will see fuzzy threads, showing that mold has grown on it.

Exam Tip: This experiment demonstrates saprotrophic nutrition. Explain why warmth and humidity are important for fungal growth and what the visible "thread-like structures" represent (hyphae).