Step-by-Step Textbook Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Chapter 10 સદિશ બીજગણિત
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Question 1. ઉત્તરથી પૂર્વ તરફ 30ના ખૂણે 40 કિમીનું સ્થાનાંતર આલેખ દ્વારા દર્શાવો.
Answer:
In simple words: We draw a compass with North, South, East, and West. Then, we make a line starting from the middle (origin). We measure 30 degrees from the North line, turning towards the East. The line represents 40 km, so we divide it into 4 equal units, each showing 10 km.
Exam Tip: When drawing displacement vectors, always include a clear scale, direction labels (N, S, E, W), the angle with reference to a cardinal direction, and an arrowhead to show the vector's terminal point.
Question 2. નીચે આપેલ માપને અદિશ અને સદિશમાં વર્ગીકૃત કરો :
(i) 10 કિગ્રા
(ii) 2મી ઉત્તર પશ્ચિમ દિશામાં (અંતર) દિશા સાથે
(iii) 40° (તાપમાન)
(iv) 40 વૉટ
(v) \( 10^{-19} \) કુલંબ
(vi) 20 મી/સે²
Answer:
| અદિશ (Scalar) | સદિશ (Vector) |
|---|---|
| 10 કિગ્રા (વજન) | 2મી ઉત્તર પશ્ચિમ દિશામાં (અંતર) દિશા સાથે |
| 40° (તાપમાન) | 20 મી/સે² (પ્રવેગ) |
| 40 વૉટ (વિદ્યુતઊર્જા દર) | |
| \( 10^{-19} \) કુલંબ (વિદ્યુતભાર) |
In simple words: Scalar quantities only tell us the amount (like 10 kg mass), while vector quantities tell us both the amount and the direction (like 2m North-West displacement). We put each given measurement into the correct group.
Exam Tip: Remember that scalar quantities have only magnitude, while vector quantities have both magnitude and direction. Look for directional information to distinguish them.
Question 3. નીચે આપેલ રાશિને અદિશ અને સદિશ રાશિઓમાં વર્ગીકૃત કરોઃ
(i) સમયગાળો
(ii) અંતર
(iii) બળ
(iv) વેગ
(v) થયેલ કાર્ય
Answer:
| અદિશ (Scalar) | સદિશ (Vector) |
|---|---|
| સમયગાળો | બળ |
| અંતર | વેગ |
| થયેલ કાર્ય |
In simple words: We sort each item into two groups: scalars, which only have size (like time and distance), and vectors, which have both size and direction (like force and velocity). Work done is also a scalar.
Exam Tip: Understanding the difference between scalar and vector quantities is fundamental in physics. Pay attention to whether direction is relevant for the quantity.
Question 4. આકૃતિમાં (એક ચોરસ), નીચે આપેલ સદિશો ઓળખો :
(i) સમઉદ્ભવ
(ii) સમાન
(iii) સમરેખ પરંતુ સમાન નહિ
Answer:
(i) સમઉદ્ભવ (\( \text{Coinitial} \)) : \( \vec{a} \) અને \( \vec{d} \)
(ii) સમાન (\( \text{Equal} \)) : \( \vec{a} \) અને \( \vec{d} \)
(iii) સમરેખ પરંતુ સમાન નહિ (\( \text{Collinear but not equal} \)) : \( \vec{a} \) અને \( \vec{c} \)
In simple words: We look at the vectors shown in the square diagram. Coinitial vectors start from the same point. Equal vectors have the same length and point in the same direction. Collinear but not equal vectors lie on parallel lines but are either different lengths or point in opposite directions.
Exam Tip: Carefully observe the starting points, magnitudes (lengths), and directions of vectors in diagrams to correctly identify their relationships.
Question 5. નીચે આપેલ વિધાનો સત્ય છે કે અસત્ય તે જણાવો :
(i) \( \vec{a} \) અને \( -\vec{a} \) સમરેખ છે.
(ii) બે સમરેખ સદિશો હંમેશાં સમાન માનવાળા સદિશો હોય છે.
(iii) સમાન માનવાળા બે સદિશો સમરેખ હોય છે.
(iv) સમાન માનવાળા બે સમરેખ સદિશો સમાન હોય છે.
Answer:
(i) \( \vec{a} \) અને \( -\vec{a} \) સમરેખ છે. – આ વિધાન સત્ય છે. (True)
(ii) બે સમરેખ સદિશો હંમેશાં સમાન માનવાળા સદિશો હોય છે. આ વિધાન ખોટું છે. (False)
(iii) સમાન માનવાળા બે સદિશો સમરેખ હોય છે. – આ વિધાન ખોટું છે. (False)
(iv) સમાન માનવાળા બે સમરેખ સદિશો સમાન હોય છે. – આ વિધાન ખોટું છે. (False)
In simple words: For each statement, we check if it is true or false based on vector definitions. A vector and its negative are always collinear. Collinear vectors do not always have the same magnitude. Vectors with the same magnitude are not always collinear. Finally, two collinear vectors with the same magnitude are equal only if they point in the same direction, otherwise they are opposite.
Exam Tip: Clearly understand the definitions of collinear, equal, and coinitial vectors, along with the concept of vector magnitude, to determine the truthfulness of statements.
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Step-by-Step Textbook Answers: Class 12 Mathematics Chapter 10 સદિશ બીજગણિત
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The complete and updated GSEB Class 12 Maths Solutions Chapter 10 સદિશ બીજગણિત Exercise 10.1 is available for free on StudiesToday.com. These solutions for Class 12 Mathematics are as per latest GSEB curriculum.
Yes, our experts have revised the GSEB Class 12 Maths Solutions Chapter 10 સદિશ બીજગણિત Exercise 10.1 as per 2026 exam pattern. All textbook exercises have been solved and have added explanation about how the Mathematics concepts are applied in case-study and assertion-reasoning questions.
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