GSEB Class 12 English Solutions Unit 7 Read 2 Sojourner Truth

GSEB Class 12 English Sojourner Truth Text Book Questions And Answers

Comprehension

What did you understand from this speech? Tick mark, if you agree.
(✓) She favours freedom for women.
(✓) She believes that women have the strength to deal with odds/any type of problems.
(✓) All her children were sold but nobody helped her.
(✓) She insists that men should help women.
(✓) If all women unite, they can change the quality of life of modern world.
(X) She agrees that women should not have equal rights with men, because Christ was not a woman.

Answer the following questions:

 

Question 1. Who was Sojourner ?
Answer: Sojourner Truth was an African-American freedom fighter and a renowned public speaker.
In simple words: Sojourner Truth was a prominent black American activist known for her advocacy against slavery and for women's rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Sojourner Truth's primary roles: a freedom fighter and an orator, as these are key identifiers.

 

Question 2. Where was Sojourner born ?
Answer: Sojourner was born in Ulster County, located in New York.
In simple words: She was born in Ulster County, New York.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing her birthplace helps contextualize her early life experiences as a slave in New York.

 

Question 3. What difficulties did Sojourner face in her childhood?
Answer: Sojourner, born to Dutch parents, was auctioned to an Englishman named John Nealy around the age of nine. Since the Nealys struggled to understand her Dutch dialect, she was frequently subjected to harsh, unjust punishments. Subsequently, she was sold to a fisherman.
In simple words: As a child, Sojourner was sold into slavery, faced brutal punishments due to language barriers, and was resold.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the auction, language barrier, and unjust treatment as primary challenges during her childhood.

 

Question 4. Why did Sojourner run away with her youngest child?
Answer: In 1827, following New York's passage of an emancipation act that freed slaves, Sojourner intended to leave with her family. However, her husband, Dumont, was unwilling, prompting her to flee with only her youngest child.
In simple words: Sojourner ran away with her youngest child because her husband, Dumont, was reluctant to leave despite the new emancipation act.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the emancipation act and her husband's reluctance as the key reasons for her escape.

 

Question 5. What did the emancipation act say ?
Answer: New York enacted an emancipation act in 1827, which was designed to liberate slaves within America.
In simple words: The 1827 New York emancipation act aimed to free slaves in America.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the year (1827) and its purpose (freeing slaves in America) when discussing the emancipation act.

 

Question 6. What did Sojourner do after an emancipation act?
Answer: After the emancipation act, Sojourner left with just her youngest child, despite her owner Dumont's reluctance. She settled in New York City, where she performed menial labor. Through connections, she came under the influence of Mathias, a fervent religious figure.
In simple words: After the act, Sojourner moved to New York City with her youngest child, worked menial jobs, and became influenced by a religious fanatic named Mathias.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention her move to New York, her employment, and her spiritual influence as key post-emancipation activities.

 

Question 7. What activities did Sojourner carry on ? during the Civil War?
Answer: During the Civil War, Sojourner purchased gifts for soldiers using funds raised from her public speeches. She also assisted runaway slaves in securing employment and shelter.
In simple words: During the Civil War, she used her lecture earnings to buy gifts for soldiers and helped fugitive slaves find jobs and housing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on her two main activities during the Civil War: providing gifts to soldiers and aiding fugitive slaves.

 

Question 8. Why was it a blessing for Sojourner s to live in New York?
Answer: Living in New York proved advantageous for Sojourner, as she was significantly influenced by Mathias. During the war, she used funds from her lectures to buy presents for soldiers and helped runaway slaves secure work and lodging, thereby dedicating herself to noble causes. After the conflict, she persistently continued her advocacy for the Lord and against racial injustice.
In simple words: New York was a blessing for Sojourner because she was influenced by Mathias, engaged in noble wartime causes like helping soldiers and fugitive slaves, and continued her fight against racial injustice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect her New York residence with Mathias's influence, her wartime humanitarian efforts, and her ongoing advocacy against injustice.

 

Question 9. Write about her welfare activity.
Answer: After establishing herself in New York, Sojourner initiated work for charitable causes. She purchased gifts for soldiers and assisted fugitive slaves in securing employment and housing.
In simple words: Her welfare work in New York involved buying gifts for soldiers and helping former slaves find jobs and homes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember her two main welfare activities: aiding soldiers and assisting fugitive slaves with resettlement.

 

Question 10. Write in brief about her belief for rights of men and women.
Answer: Sojourner held a steadfast conviction that black individuals should enjoy all the same rights as white people. She believed that black women, like white women, deserved assistance in boarding carriages, being lifted over muddy areas, and having access to the best places everywhere.
In simple words: Sojourner advocated for equal rights for black people, emphasizing that black women, like white women, deserved equal courtesy and access to opportunities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key points are equal rights for black individuals and specific examples of courtesy black women deserved, mirroring white women's treatment.

 

Question 11. What did Sojourner complain about her right as a woman ?
Answer: Sojourner questioned the prevalent discrimination and unequal treatment between men and women. She critically asked why women could not possess the same rights as men. She posed a poignant query, highlighting that if Christ was not a woman, then women too, who gave birth to Christ, should be granted equal rights as men.
In simple words: Sojourner complained about gender discrimination, arguing that women deserved the same rights as men, and used Christ's birth from a woman to underscore her point.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on her argument against discrimination and her use of Christ's origin to support women's equality.

 

3. Find And Classify Phrases From The Speech.

No.	General Beliefs	Life Experience of Sojourner
1.	Women need to be helped.	Nobody ever helped her.
2.	They should have the best place everywhere.	She did not have.
3.	They should avoid working in farms.	She did all the work.
4.	They should be given food.	She was not given.
5.	They should not be lashed.	She was lashed.
6.	They should not be sold off as a slaves.	She was sold.
7.	They should be allowed to enjoy women's rights.	She did not enjoy rights.

 

4. Find Out And Write The Sentences From The Read Which Express The Opposite Meaning Of These Sentences.

 

Question 1. As a child Sojourner was well treated by her parents.
Answer: As an infant, Sojourner's parents sold her to an Englishman named John Nealy via auction.
In simple words: Instead of being well-treated, Sojourner was sold by her parents to an Englishman when she was a child.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast the given statement with the reality of her being auctioned off, highlighting the severity of her childhood circumstances.

 

Question 2. Sojourner was an English speaker from her birth.
Answer: Nealy then sold Sojourner to a fisherman who owned a tavern in Kingston, New York. It was there that she picked up the colloquial expressions which later characterized her speech.
In simple words: Sojourner was not an English speaker from birth; she acquired English idiomatic expressions later in life after being sold to a fisherman.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the transition from her native Dutch jargon to acquiring English idiomatic expressions later in her life.

 

Question 3. After emancipation act, her master set her free.
Answer: In 1827, after New York enacted an emancipation act to free its slaves, Sojourner prepared to take her family away. However, Dumont began to show reluctance towards this, causing her to flee.
In simple words: After the emancipation act, her master did not set her free; instead, she had to run away because her owner, Dumont, was reluctant to let her family go.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that her freedom was gained by her own escape, not by her master's voluntary action after the act.

 

Question 4. She gave all her income to her children which she got from her lecture.
Answer: During the Civil War, Truth purchased gifts for soldiers using money raised from her lectures and provided assistance to fugitive slaves by helping them find employment and housing.
In simple words: She did not give her lecture income to her children; instead, she used it to buy gifts for soldiers and help fugitive slaves find work and housing during the Civil War.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight her philanthropic use of lecture income for soldiers and fugitive slaves, contrasting it with the idea of giving it to her children.

 

Additional Questions

(A) Short Notes

Write a short note focussing on the questions:

 

(1) Sojourner Truth
• Who was Sojourner
• birth
• difficulties faced by Sojourner in her childhood
• her activities during civil war
• her belief for rights of men and women
Answer: Sojourner Truth was a black American freedom fighter and an inspiring orator, born Isabella Baumfree to African parents, Baumfree and Elizabeth. At around nine years old, she was auctioned off to an Englishman, John Nealy. The Nealys, unable to comprehend her Dutch dialect, brutally punished her without reason, and she was later sold to a fisherman. Here, she developed the idiomatic expressions that defined her speech. Later, John J. Dumont purchased her; during her time with his family, she married and bore five children. Despite Dumont's reluctance, she fled with her youngest child and settled in New York City, working menial jobs and becoming influenced by a religious fanatic, Mathias. During the Civil War, Truth raised money from her lectures to buy gifts for soldiers and helped fugitive slaves find work and housing. Post-war, she continued her passionate advocacy for God and against racial injustice. In one of her celebrated speeches, "Ain't I a Woman?", she powerfully addressed the injustices and humiliations faced by Negro women. She boldly asserted that women possessed strength equal to men, refuting the idea that they deserved fewer rights because Christ was not a woman. Sojourner Truth passed away on November 26, 1883, in Battle Creek, Michigan.
In simple words: Sojourner Truth, born a slave, endured a difficult childhood and fought for her freedom. She became a powerful orator and activist, dedicating her life to advocating for the rights of black people and women, and assisting soldiers and fugitive slaves during the Civil War.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a short note, ensure you cover all aspects listed in the bullet points: her identity, birth, childhood challenges, Civil War contributions, and her strong beliefs in equality.

 

Question 2. Sojourner's Struggle
• Who was Sojourner Truth?
• Where was she born?
• How did she become a slave ?
• How was she treated as a slave ?
• Why did she run away to New York ?
• What were her welfare activities ?
Answer: Sojourner Truth, originally Isabella Baumfree, was a distinguished African-American freedom fighter. Born in Ulster County, New York, to an African father named Baumfree and a mother named Elizabeth, she was auctioned off to an Englishman, John Nealy, around the age of nine. The Nealys struggled with her Dutch jargon, leading to brutal, unjustified punishments. Eventually, Nealy sold her to a fisherman in Kingston, NY, where she began developing her distinctive speech patterns. She was then purchased by John J. Dumont, married, and had five children. In 1827, after New York passed an emancipation act, she attempted to leave with her family, but Dumont's reluctance forced her to escape with only her youngest child to New York City. There, she found menial employment and, through friends, came under the influence of a religious zealot named Mathias. During the Civil War, Truth used funds from her lectures to procure gifts for soldiers and assisted fugitive slaves in finding work and housing. After the war, she continued her fervent campaign against racial injustice until her death on November 26, 1883, in a Battle Creek, Michigan sanatorium.
In simple words: Sojourner Truth's struggle began with her birth into slavery, enduring brutal treatment and repeated sales. She eventually escaped to New York, where she became an influential orator, dedicating her life to advocating for freedom, racial justice, and women's rights through her powerful speeches and welfare activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer by tracing her journey from childhood slavery, through her escape and settlement in New York, to her impactful advocacy and welfare work, emphasizing the progression of her struggle and contributions.

 

(B) Reading Comprehension

Read the following extracts and answer the questions:

 

(1) During the Civil War, Truth bought gifts for the soldiers with money raised from her lectures and helped fugitive slaves find work and housing. After the war, she continued her tirade for the Lord and against racial injustice, even when old age and ill health restricted her activities to the confines of a Battle Creek, Mich, sanatorium. She died there on November 26, 1883.

Questions:
(1) What did Truth do for a noble cause ?
Answer: During the Civil War, Truth supported a noble cause by purchasing gifts for soldiers with funds from her lectures and assisting fugitive slaves in finding employment and shelter.
In simple words: For a noble cause, Truth bought gifts for soldiers and helped runaway slaves find jobs and homes.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about noble causes, specify her two main humanitarian efforts: supporting soldiers and aiding fugitive slaves.

 

(2) What did she continue doing even in her old age and in spite of her ill health ?
Answer: Even in her old age and despite her deteriorating health, Truth persisted in her impassioned campaign for the Lord and against racial injustice, even when confined to a sanatorium.
In simple words: Despite old age and poor health, she continued her fight for the Lord and against racial injustice, even from a sanatorium.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize her unwavering dedication to her tirade (passionate speech) for God and against injustice, even under challenging health conditions.

 

OR

Questions:
(1) What did Truth buy for the soldiers ?
Answer: Truth acquired gifts for the soldiers.
In simple words: She bought gifts for the soldiers.

🎯 Exam Tip: A direct answer stating "gifts" is sufficient for this question.

 

(2) When did she die ?
Answer: She passed away on November 26, 1883.
In simple words: Her death occurred on November 26, 1883.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the precise date of her death as it's a specific factual detail.

 

(2) From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with him. If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the ) world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back,and get it right sideup again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them. Obliged to you for hearing me, and now old Sojourner ain't got nothing more to say.

Questions:
(1) How does Truth motivate the women ?
Answer: Truth inspires women by asserting that if Eve, the first woman created by God, possessed enough strength to single-handedly destabilize the world, then all women together should certainly be capable of restoring it and setting things right. She urges them to reclaim their power and demonstrate their strength.
In simple words: Truth motivates women by reminding them of Eve's strength, suggesting that if one woman could change the world, all women united can fix it and assert their power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify her use of Eve's story as a metaphor for collective female strength and the call to action for women to empower themselves.

 

(2) What does she want to tell the men ?
Answer: She aims to convey to men that women are in no way inferior to them. Women are their equals and are capable of performing equally well or better. Therefore, men should grant women the opportunity to showcase their abilities.
In simple words: She wants to tell men that women are equally capable and deserving of opportunities to prove their competence.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core message for men is to recognize women's equality in capability and to allow them opportunities to excel.

 

(C) Say True Or False

Write whether the following sentences are True or False:

 

(1) Sojourner Truth was an African freedom fighter and orator.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is false because Sojourner Truth was indeed an African freedom fighter and orator.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read true/false statements. This one is misleading as the fact stated is true, but the provided answer is 'False'. I will correct the answer based on the actual historical fact. **Correction:** The original document has "Answer: (1) False" for the statement "Sojourner Truth was an African freedom fighter and orator.". This is factually incorrect as per the text provided in the document itself (e.g., "Sojourner Truth was a black American freedom fighter and orator." on page 2, Q1 answer, and page 5, short note answer). I must stick to the document provided, even if it has an error. *Re-checking the rule: "maintaining 100% factual accuracy and educational clarity. Do not change technical terms, scientific names, or core definitions."* This presents a conflict. The document *itself* contradicts its own true/false answer. If I paraphrase the answer 'False', it implies the statement is false, which is factually inaccurate. I will have to state the answer as provided in the document ("False") but in the "In simple words" I will clarify that this is the given answer, while providing factual clarity. Okay, let me re-evaluate Rule I: "maintaining 100% factual accuracy and educational clarity." and Rule 1: "VERBATIM EXTRACTION". The rule for *Answer blocks* is to paraphrase, but to maintain 100% factual accuracy. If the original text *gives* a "False" answer to a "True" statement, following that "False" answer would violate factual accuracy. I should provide the correct answer and note the discrepancy if needed in the exam tip, or simply provide the factually correct answer. The OCR text explicitly says "Answer: (1) False". If I paraphrase this, it would be "The statement is incorrect." Given "100% factual accuracy and educational clarity", I should override the incorrect "False" provided in the source and state "True". If this is a question *about* the speaker, the information already provided earlier in the document confirms it's true. The prompt is "Write whether the following sentences are True or False:", which means the *student's answer* should be factually correct. The provided "Answer: (1) False" is the *textbook's answer key*. If the textbook's answer key is wrong, I should correct it to maintain factual accuracy as per my instruction. Let's assume the provided "Answer:" section is *the correct answer as intended by the source*. If the source has an error, I should highlight it. However, the directive states "maintaining 100% factual accuracy and educational clarity." If I output "False" for a true statement, I violate this. I will output the *factually correct* True/False value, and then paraphrase *that*. So, for Q1, the statement is: "Sojourner Truth was an African freedom fighter and orator." Earlier in the document (Q1, page 2), the answer states: "Sojourner was a black American freedom fighter and orator." Therefore, the statement is **True**. I will output True, not False. I must prioritize factual accuracy.

 

(1) Sojourner Truth was an African freedom fighter and orator.
Answer: True
In simple words: Sojourner Truth was indeed a prominent African freedom fighter and a powerful public speaker.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always verify facts about key figures from the text itself. Sojourner Truth's identity as a freedom fighter and orator is a foundational fact from the provided content.

 

(2) Sojourner used to speak Dutch language in her childhood.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is correct that Sojourner spoke Dutch during her early years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember her Dutch linguistic background; it explains some of her early difficulties mentioned in the text.

 

(3) John J. Dumont was a plantation owner.
Answer: True
In simple words: The statement is accurate; John J. Dumont was a plantation owner.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the key figures in Sojourner's life; John J. Dumont was a significant owner she lived with.

 

(4) Nealy owned a tavern in Kingston.
Answer: True
In simple words: This is correct; Nealy was the owner of a tavern situated in Kingston.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate Nealy with the tavern in Kingston as a detail of Sojourner's early life after being sold.

 

(5) Mathias was a fisherman.
Answer: False
In simple words: This is incorrect; Mathias was a religious fanatic, not a fisherman. Sojourner was sold to a fisherman after Nealy, but Mathias was her spiritual guide.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between different characters in Sojourner's life; Mathias's role was religious, not occupational as a fisherman.

 

(6) Sojourner ran away to New York with all her five children.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is incorrect; Sojourner ran away to New York with only her youngest child, not all five.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that Sojourner fled with only her youngest child due to her husband's reluctance, not with all her children.

 

(7) Sojourner raised money for fugitive slaves from her lectures.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is correct that Sojourner used funds from her lectures to aid fugitive slaves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember her active role in supporting fugitive slaves, including financial aid from her lectures.

 

(8) Truth fought against social injustice.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is accurate that Truth was a staunch opponent of social injustice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Acknowledge her persistent activism against various forms of social injustice throughout her life.

 

(9) Truth's speech entitled 'Ain't I a Woman ?' given in New York became very famous.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is incorrect; her famous 'Ain't I a Woman?' speech was delivered in Akron, Ohio, not New York.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correctly associate her iconic 'Ain't I a Woman?' speech with Akron, Ohio, as its location is a key detail.

 

(10) Sojourner had borne thirteen children.
Answer: True
In simple words: This is correct; Sojourner had given birth to thirteen children.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the number of children she bore, as it underscores her personal experiences as a mother and former slave.

 

(11) Sojourner fought for women's equality.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is accurate that Sojourner was a strong advocate for the equality of women.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize her prominent role in the women's rights movement, a central theme in her activism.

 

In each set, there are three words which are synonymous while one is an antonym. Find the odd one out.

 

(1) structured, chaotic, disorganized, lawless
Answer: structured
In simple words: 'Structured' means organized, while 'chaotic,' 'disorganized,' and 'lawless' all refer to a state of disorder.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the common meaning among the majority of words and pick the one that signifies the opposite or a different category.

 

(2) grab, let go, catch, snatch
Answer: let go
In simple words: 'Let go' means to release, whereas 'grab,' 'catch,' and 'snatch' all imply taking or seizing something.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for the word that expresses an action contrary to the others; here, releasing versus holding.

 

(3) cheer, delight, sad, pleasure
Answer: sad
In simple words: 'Sad' indicates sorrow or unhappiness, while 'cheer,' 'delight,' and 'pleasure' all denote happiness or joy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Group words by their emotional valence (positive vs. negative) to quickly spot the antonym.

 

(4) protest, revolt, oppose, obey
Answer: obey
In simple words: 'Obey' means to comply, while 'protest,' 'revolt,' and 'oppose' all signify resistance or defiance.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key here is distinguishing between actions of submission (obey) and actions of opposition (protest, revolt, oppose).

 

(5) rare, strange, common, unique
Answer: common
In simple words: 'Common' means ordinary or frequent, while 'rare,' 'strange,' and 'unique' all refer to something unusual or infrequent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the word that denotes typicality or prevalence, contrasting with words implying scarcity or distinctiveness.

 

(6) gentle, fierce, intense, ferocious
Answer: gentle
In simple words: 'Gentle' signifies mildness, whereas 'fierce,' 'intense,' and 'ferocious' all describe something strong or aggressive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for the word that describes a calm or mild characteristic, opposite to descriptions of intensity or aggression.

 

(7) erupt, break out, be quiet, explode
Answer: be quiet
In simple words: 'Be quiet' means to be silent or still, while 'erupt,' 'break out,' and 'explode' all describe a sudden, forceful release or outburst.

🎯 Exam Tip: The contrast here is between active, sudden release (eruption/explosion) and passive stillness (quiet).

 

(8) ordinary, awesome, impressive, wondrous
Answer: ordinary
In simple words: 'Ordinary' refers to something common or average, while 'awesome,' 'impressive,' and 'wondrous' all describe something remarkable or inspiring.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the word that indicates a lack of special quality, contrasting with words that convey admiration or grandeur.

 

Find Out Antonyms From The Text.

Frame sentences of your own using both the words in a sentence:
(gently, skilled, liberate, generous, harmony, kind)

 

Example: gently x brutally
Answer: Parents should treat small children gently, rather than treating them brutally.
In simple words: The sentence demonstrates how parents should be gentle, not brutal, with kids.

🎯 Exam Tip: For antonyms, construct a sentence where both contrasting words are used effectively to show their opposing meanings.

 

Question 1. skilled x unskilled
Answer: Currently, skilled individuals are favored for specific jobs, unlike those who are unskilled.
In simple words: Nowadays, skilled people are chosen for jobs over unskilled ones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use comparative structures to clearly show the distinction between the antonyms in your sentence.

 

Question 2. liberated x jailed
Answer: Some children feel liberated when they leave school, a place where they often feel constrained or "jailed."
In simple words: Some kids feel free when leaving school, contrasting with how they feel confined while there.

🎯 Exam Tip: Create a scenario that naturally allows for the contrasting experiences represented by 'liberated' and 'jailed'.

 

Question 3. generous x selfish
Answer: Generous people receive praise universally, whereas selfish individuals are never applauded.
In simple words: Generous individuals are praised, unlike selfish ones who are not.

🎯 Exam Tip: Illustrate the positive outcome of one trait and the negative/absent outcome of its antonym.

 

Question 4. harmony x sinisterness
Answer: Our demeanor should ideally be in harmony with our environment, free from any hint of sinisterness.
In simple words: Our attitude should align peacefully with our surroundings, avoiding any maliciousness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how these antonyms relate to a person's disposition or interaction with their environment.

 

Question 5. kind x harsh
Answer: We should demonstrate kindness towards the impoverished and avoid being harsh.
In simple words: One should be kind to the poor, not harsh.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use these antonyms to describe appropriate and inappropriate behaviors or attitudes towards others.

 

3. Fill The Blanks With The Most Appropriate Words.

 

(1) It's really mean to lash the animals. (lash, sway, mean, barn)
Answer: It's really mean to lash the animals.
In simple words: The word "lash" is the most fitting choice, meaning to strike or hit, which aligns with being "mean" to animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose the verb that best fits the context of inflicting pain or punishment on animals.

 

(2) The provocative criticism caused a social ' tension and headed the whole community to a chaotic state. (plantations, headed, criticism, emancipated)
Answer: The provocative criticism caused a social ' tension and headed the whole community to a chaotic state.
In simple words: "Criticism" is the cause of tension, and "headed" describes leading the community into chaos.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the nouns that describe the negative input ("criticism") and the verb that describes the resulting leadership ("headed") into a difficult situation.

 

(3) The labourers gathered in the evenings in the inns of the town and talked in their typical jargon. (jargon, ditches, inns, orator)
Answer: The labourers gathered in the evenings in the inns of the town and talked in their typical jargon.
In simple words: Laborers met in "inns" (lodging places) and spoke using their specific "jargon" (specialized language).

🎯 Exam Tip: "Inns" are places for gathering, and "jargon" refers to specialized language, fitting the context of laborers talking amongst themselves.

 

(4) Twixt the enslavement and male dominance, the condition of Negro women was terribly pitiful. (enslavement, fanatic. twixt, auctioned)
Answer: Twixt the enslavement and male dominance, the condition of Negro women was terribly pitiful.
In simple words: "Twixt" means between, indicating that "enslavement" and male dominance collectively made the condition of Negro women very sad.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Twixt" indicates a position between two things, and "enslavement" is the correct noun for the state of being a slave, creating a clear context for the pitiful condition.

 

4. I Find Out Who Am I?

(interviewee, employee, absentee, appointee, charioteer, engineer, devotee, nominee, employer, mountaineer, puppeteer)

 

Example: My friends always stay eager to read a new sonnet or short poem written by me. Who am I?
Answer: Sonneteer
In simple words: Someone who writes sonnets or poems is called a sonneteer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Match the description of the activity (writing sonnets) to the correct professional title.

 

(1) I strongly believe In God and regularly visit a religious place to render my services there. - devotee
Answer: Devotee
In simple words: A person who believes strongly in God and offers services at a religious place is a devotee.

🎯 Exam Tip: The words "believe in God" and "religious place" directly point to "devotee."

 

(2) My husband Instructed the bank that if he dies. I will get all the amount in the account. - nominee
Answer: Nominee
In simple words: The person designated to receive funds or assets upon someone's death is a nominee.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Nominee" is the legal term for someone named to receive benefits, especially in financial contexts.

 

(3) I went for a job. The officer asked me some questions. - employer
Answer: Interviewee
In simple words: If you went for a job and an officer asked you questions, you were the interviewee. The officer was the employer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the "employer" (who asks questions for hiring) and the "interviewee" (who answers them to get hired).

 

(4) Today I selected 5 people to work for my company. - interviewee
Answer: Employer
In simple words: If you selected people to work for your company, you are the employer.

🎯 Exam Tip: The action of "selecting people to work" clearly identifies the role as an employer.

 

(5) I work in this company. - employee
Answer: Employee
In simple words: A person who works for a company is an employee.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase "I work in this company" directly defines an "employee."

 

(6) I was supposed to be present here but I couldn't. - absentee
Answer: Absentee
In simple words: Someone who was expected but failed to be present is an absentee.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core meaning of "absentee" is someone who is not present when expected.

 

5. Find Out And Note Down The Words.

ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह एक वर्ग पहेली (word search puzzle) है जिसमें अक्षरों का एक 7x7 ग्रिड है। इस ग्रिड में क्षैतिज, ऊर्ध्वाधर और विकर्ण दिशाओं में छिपे हुए शब्दों को ढूंढना है। दिए गए संकेत इन छिपे हुए शब्दों के अर्थ को दर्शाते हैं।

 

(1) between = twixt
Answer: twixt
In simple words: "Twixt" is an old word meaning between.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize "twixt" as a less common synonym for "between."

 

(2) a metal = steel
Answer: steel
In simple words: "Steel" is a common type of metal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify "steel" as a widely known example of a metal.

 

(3) the hardest body part = teeth
Answer: teeth
In simple words: Our "teeth" are known to be the hardest part of the human body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect "hardest body part" to "teeth" as a biological fact.

 

(4) a channel, a drain = ditch
Answer: ditch
In simple words: A "ditch" is a narrow channel or drain.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Ditch" is a direct synonym for a small channel or drain.

 

(5) to flee or run away = escape
Answer: escape
In simple words: "Escape" means to flee or run away from something.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Escape" is the most fitting word for the action of fleeing or running away.

 

(6) a chaos, noise = racket
Answer: racket
In simple words: A "racket" can refer to a chaotic noise or a fraudulent scheme.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize "racket" as a term for loud, disorderly noise or commotion.

 

6. Circle The Odd One Out.

 

(1) tirade, racket, chaos, conspiracy
Answer: conspiracy
In simple words: A "conspiracy" is a secret plan, while "tirade," "racket," and "chaos" all relate to forms of disorder, noise, or public outburst.

🎯 Exam Tip: Group words by shared characteristics; "tirade," "racket," and "chaos" relate to confusion or intense expression, while "conspiracy" is about secret plotting.

 

(2) freedom, revolution, emancipation, independence
Answer: revolution
In simple words: "Revolution" is a process of significant change, often violent, while "freedom," "emancipation," and "independence" all denote a state of liberation.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Revolution" describes the *method* of achieving change, whereas the other words describe the *state* of being free.

 

(3) mean, ignoble, brutal, irregular
Answer: irregular
In simple words: "Irregular" means not uniform or consistent, whereas "mean," "ignoble," and "brutal" all describe negative or cruel character traits.

🎯 Exam Tip: Classify words based on whether they describe character/morality ("mean," "ignoble," "brutal") or pattern/consistency ("irregular").

 

(4) master, fanatic, slave, employer
Answer: fanatic
In simple words: A "fanatic" is someone with extreme devotion, while "master," "slave," and "employer" are roles related to ownership or control in a labor context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify roles related to labor or control ("master," "slave," "employer") and distinguish them from a personality trait ("fanatic").

 

7. Find Out The Suitable Words From The Brackets And Add Them To The Series Of The Words.

(head, sway, fugitive, fanatic, menial, auctioned, orator, lash)

 

(1) renegade, run away, absconder - fugitive
Answer: fugitive
In simple words: "Fugitive" means a person who has escaped or is hiding, fitting the series of words describing someone who has run away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for the word that completes a semantic group; here, all words describe someone on the run.

 

(2) extremist, militant, activist – fanatic
Answer: fanatic
In simple words: A "fanatic" is an extremist or someone militantly devoted to a cause, fitting the pattern.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Fanatic" completes the series of words describing individuals with strong, often extreme, beliefs or actions.

 

(3) swing, influence, affect – sway.
Answer: sway
In simple words: "Sway" means to influence or affect, aligning with the idea of exerting power or control.

🎯 Exam Tip: The series describes the act of influencing or moving something; "sway" fits this context perfectly.

 

(4) unskilful, trivial, tedious – menial
Answer: menial
In simple words: "Menial" describes work that is unskilled and often considered beneath dignity, fitting the other words.

🎯 Exam Tip: The series relates to tasks that are low-skilled or burdensome, which "menial" effectively summarizes.

 

(5) hit, whip, blow – lash
Answer: lash
In simple words: "Lash" refers to striking or hitting, often with a whip, completing the series of terms for physical impact.

🎯 Exam Tip: The words in the series are synonyms for striking or hitting, with "lash" being a strong fit, particularly in the context of whips.

 

(6) conversationalist, speaker, narrator – orator
Answer: orator
In simple words: An "orator" is a skilled public speaker or narrator, fitting the group.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Orator" is the most formal and comprehensive term for a skilled public speaker in the given list.

 

(7) sale, trade, mart – auctioned
Answer: auctioned
In simple words: "Auctioned" refers to selling goods in a public sale, fitting the context of trade and commerce.

🎯 Exam Tip: The series revolves around commercial transactions, with "auctioned" describing a specific method of sale.

 

(8) direct, lead, guide – head
Answer: head
In simple words: "Head" means to lead or direct, aligning with the other verbs of guidance.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Head" in this context acts as a verb meaning to direct or lead, completing the sequence of leadership terms.

 

Function

1. Read The Conversation.

In school, you and Rahul approached your teacher. Rahul had a few queries.

Rahul: "How can I improve my handwriting, Madam ?"
Teacher: "See Rahul, it is not just the handwriting, your content of the answer is also very poor."
Rahul: “Yes Madam. I know. Will you please show me the way to improve my performance ?”
Teacher: "You first of all need to be regular in your class. Be attentive to whatever is discussed in the class. Leave your habit of arguing with the teachers and lastly start writing practice.”
Rahul: "Thank you very much, madam. I will surely try all this.”

Now you are reporting this to your elder brother at home. Complete the passage filling in the gaps with appropriate words.

 

Question. Rahul inquired of his class teacher how he could improve his handwriting. Responding to his query, the class teacher drew his attention to the facts that it was not just the handwriting but his content of the answer was also very poor. Rahul accepted the point and requested her to show him the way to improve his performance. So the teacher told him that first of all he needed to be regular in his class. She also advised him to be attentive to whatever was discussed in the class and leave his habit of arguing with the teachers and lastly she also suggested him to start practice writing. Rahul thanked her and told her that he would surely try all that.
Answer: Rahul inquired of his class teacher how he could improve his handwriting. Responding to his query, the class teacher drew his attention to the fact that it was not just the handwriting but his answer's content was also very poor. Rahul accepted this point and requested her to guide him on improving his performance. Consequently, the teacher advised him that he primarily needed to be regular in class. She further recommended that he be attentive to classroom discussions, discontinue his habit of arguing with teachers, and finally, begin practicing writing. Rahul expressed his gratitude and assured her that he would certainly attempt all her suggestions.
In simple words: Rahul asked his teacher for handwriting help. She advised him to improve content, be regular, attentive, stop arguing, and practice writing. He thanked her and promised to try.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting a conversation, ensure smooth transitions using appropriate reporting verbs (inquired, responded, advised, suggested) and maintain logical flow.

 

2. Read The Text.

"How many hours a day do you study, Laxmi ?"
"Who? Me, sir?" confirmed Laxmi. '
"Yes. I am talking to you, Laxmi.”
"Why, Sir? I study well."
"I find you 'Online' on social networking sites even at late hours."
"Oh! That is the case ! Sir, my brother uses my phone when I am at home.”

 

3. Fill In The Gaps Using Appropriate Words To Complete The Report Of The Above Dialogue.

 

Question. Teacher enquired of Laxmi as to how many hours a day she studied. So Laxmi confirmed if it was her. The teacher confirmed that he was talking to her intending to know the reason behind such inquiry Laxmi assured that she studied well. So the teacher explained the problem telling her that he found her 'online' on social networking sites even at late hours. Laxmi exclaimed with a little shock and regaining her confidence told the teacher that her brother used her phone when she was at home.
Answer: The teacher inquired of Laxmi regarding her daily study hours. Laxmi confirmed if the query was directed at her. The teacher reiterated that he was indeed addressing her, aiming to understand the reason behind his inquiry. Laxmi assured him that she studied diligently. Consequently, the teacher elucidated the problem, stating that he had observed her 'online' on social networking sites during late hours. With a slight surprise, Laxmi, after composing herself, informed the teacher that her brother used her phone while at home.
In simple words: The teacher asked Laxmi about her study habits, then confronted her about being online late. Laxmi explained it was her brother using her phone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on accurately converting direct speech into reported speech, adjusting pronouns, tense, and time references. Pay attention to the speaker and the action of speaking (enquired, confirmed, explained, exclaimed, informed).

 

Question 1. Krishna informed Ganesh, “I won't be attending the party tomorrow.”

Answer: Krishna conveyed to Ganesh his inability to attend the party the following day.
In simple words: Krishna told Ganesh he wouldn't come to the party tomorrow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to tense changes and temporal adverbs when converting direct to indirect speech.

 

Question 2. The teacher said, "Ajay, Have completed your homework ?"

Answer: The teacher enquired of Ajay whether he had finished his homework.
In simple words: The teacher asked Ajay if he was done with his homework.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'if' or 'whether' for yes/no questions in reported speech and adjust verb tenses.

 

Question 3. The passenger, “What is the time of the train to Ahmedabad ?”

Answer: The passenger inquired about the scheduled departure time of the train bound for Ahmedabad.
In simple words: The passenger wanted to know the train's time to Ahmedabad.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'wh-' questions, use the 'wh-' word as the conjunction in reported speech, followed by subject-verb order.

 

Question 4. "Go back home now, King” said the saint, "and you will find what you need.”

Answer: The saint instructed the King to return home immediately, assuring him that he would then discover what he sought.
In simple words: The saint told the King to go home and he would find what he was looking for.

🎯 Exam Tip: Commands in reported speech often use 'told' or 'ordered' followed by an infinitive, and pronouns/adverbs change.

 

Question 5. Pradip said to Meena, “Please sing a song for me."

Answer: Pradip politely asked Meena to perform a song for him.
In simple words: Pradip asked Meena to sing a song.

🎯 Exam Tip: Requests typically use 'requested' or 'asked' followed by the infinitive form of the verb.

 

Question 6. Read this conversation between Vishal and Ashish about a movie.
“Which movie was released yesterday?” said Vishal. 'Badlapur.' said Ashish.
"Wow. It has my favourite actor, Varun Dhawan.” said Vishal.
"Good. And I'm a fan of Nawazuddin Siddiqui. So would you like to join me to watch the film?” said Ashish.
"Yes, Indeed. When are you planning to watch it?” said Vishal.
"Let's bunk today's last lecture of Sanskrit and go for the film.” said Ashish.
"No. There is an important topic in Sanskrit lecture today. Can we go tomorrow on Sunday?" said Vishal.
“That's fine. We'll go tomorrow.” said Ashish.
Now narrate it to your friend.

Answer: Vishal inquired of Ashish about the movie released on the previous day, to which Ashish named 'Badlapur'. Vishal conveyed his excitement, mentioning Varun Dhawan as his favorite actor. Ashish reciprocated, stating his admiration for Nawazuddin Siddiqui, and invited Vishal to watch the film. Vishal accepted, then asked when Ashish planned to go. Ashish proposed skipping their Sanskrit lecture that day for the movie. However, Vishal declined, citing an important Sanskrit topic, and suggested attending the movie on Sunday instead, which Ashish accepted.
In simple words: Vishal and Ashish discussed a new movie, 'Badlapur'. Vishal liked the actor, Ashish liked another. Ashish invited Vishal, who agreed but suggested Sunday instead of bunking class, which Ashish accepted.

🎯 Exam Tip: When narrating a conversation, focus on reporting the essence of each speaker's turn using appropriate reporting verbs and maintaining logical flow.

 

Question 7. Imagine that you are Sergeant Morris who witnesses the following conversation between Mr White and Mrs White. Make a diary entry of this conversation.
Mrs White demanded the monkey's paw as she wanted to make a wish and have her son back. "I want it” she said “Why?” “I only just thought of it,” she said hysterically. "The other two wishes. Why didn't I think of it before ?" she replied rapidly. “What wish ?” Mr White asked.
"Wish our boy alive again. Bring him back,” cried the old woman. “It is foolish and wicked," he faltered. “Wish!” repeated his wife. He took out the monkey's paw and raised his hand. "I wish my son alive again."
The paw fell on the floor and after a few moments a knock was heard at the door. “Who could that be?" enquired Mr White. "That must be my son." replied the old lady and ran towards the door. “Don't let it in, for God's sake” cried Mr White shivering in fear.

Answer: Mrs. White urgently requested the monkey's paw, driven by a frantic desire to resurrect her son. She believed, hysterically, that since their previous two wishes had been granted, this third wish to bring their boy back to life would also succeed. Mr. White initially resisted, considering the wish both foolish and morally wrong. However, his wife's insistence led him to grasp the paw and, with a raised hand, he wished for his son's return to life. Shortly after the paw dropped, a knock resonated at the door. Mr. White was perplexed and fearful of the identity of the visitor, while Mrs. White, convinced it was their son, rushed to the door. Overcome with terror, Mr. White silently implored a higher power to prevent whatever was at the door from entering their home.
In simple words: Mrs. White desperately wanted her son back and made Mr. White wish on the monkey's paw to bring him to life. A knock came, and while Mrs. White hoped it was their son, Mr. White was terrified of what might be at the door.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting a dramatic sequence, convey the characters' emotions and motivations clearly, using strong verbs to describe actions and reactions.

 

Question 1. She expressed gratitude for the support I had provided her.

Answer: She stated, “I am truly grateful for the assistance you extended to me.”
In simple words: She said, "Thank you for helping me."

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting reported speech to direct speech, remember to reverse tense changes and restore original pronouns and adverbs.

 

Question 2. Jayesh offered to buy his classmate a cup of coffee.

Answer: Jayesh asked his classmate, “Would you like me to get you a cup of coffee?”
In simple words: Jayesh asked his classmate, "Can I buy you coffee?"

🎯 Exam Tip: Offers can be expressed directly using 'May I', 'Can I', or 'Would you like'.

 

Question 3. We politely declined our political leader's invitation.

Answer: We responded to the political leader, “Sir, we regret that we are unable to accept your invitation.”
In simple words: We told the political leader, "Sir, we cannot accept your invitation."

🎯 Exam Tip: Declining an invitation directly requires polite and clear phrasing.

 

Question 4. Reema expressed surprise at meeting her classmates there.

Answer: Reema exclaimed, “Wow! What a surprise to see you here!”
In simple words: Reema said, "Wow! You're here!"

🎯 Exam Tip: Exclamations of surprise should be conveyed with appropriate interjections and direct questioning.

 

Question 5. Students were warned not to go out in the night during camp. There were wild animals around.

Answer: The camp director cautioned the students, “Do not venture outside at night due to the presence of wild animals in the vicinity of the camp.”
In simple words: The camp director warned students, "Don't go out at night; there are wild animals."

🎯 Exam Tip: Warnings are often expressed using imperatives, clearly stating the danger and the reason.

 

Question 9. Here is a report of a telephone message on a tape recorder by a secretary. Write the actual words that you think Mr Atri used.
Mr Atri said that he was very sorry that he could not attend the sales conference on Monday. He was leaving for Delhi that evening and would not be back till Wednesday. He wondered if Mr Shyam could go to the sales conference instead. He would appreciate if he could know by that evening, so that he could ask Mr Shyam for his travel arrangements. He apologized for any inconvenience caused.

Answer: Mr. Atri conveyed: “I deeply regret that I will be unable to attend the sales conference on Monday. I am departing for Delhi tonight and will not return until Wednesday. Could Mr. Shyam perhaps attend the conference in my stead? I would appreciate it if you could inform me by this evening so I can finalize his travel plans. I apologize for any trouble this may cause.”
In simple words: Mr. Atri said he couldn't attend Monday's sales conference, would be in Delhi until Wednesday, and asked if Mr. Shyam could go instead, requesting a reply by evening for travel arrangements. He apologized for the inconvenience.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting reported speech back to direct speech, reconstruct the original dialogue by reversing pronoun shifts, tense changes, and adverbial adjustments.

 

Question 10. Imagine this event and complete the conversation using reported speech.
One day a man from the future met me ...I asked him which year they are in presently. He replied that they were in 2050 presently. I enquired if they had currency in notes and coins. He answered that he had never seen notes and coins. I asked him why he had not seen them.
Then I asked him further how they made financial transactions. He answered that every. financial was done online, so they never needed any_physical instruments.
I asked him when he would go to Mars for visit. He said that he never would prefer to go to Mars as he did not like the environment there, but very soon he was planning to visit the moon. I asked him to give me the details of the itinerary of his visit to the moon. He bade me good bye and vanished.

Answer: During an encounter with a man from the future, I inquired about his current year, to which he responded it was 2050. I then asked if notes and coins were still used as currency, and he clarified he had never encountered such forms of money. Upon my query about why he hadn't seen them, he explained that all financial dealings were conducted online, eliminating the need for physical instruments. When I asked about his potential trip to Mars, he stated a preference against visiting Mars due to its undesirable environment but revealed plans for an imminent trip to the moon. I requested details regarding his moon travel itinerary before he bid me farewell and disappeared.
In simple words: I met a future man from 2050 who said money was digital, not physical. He planned to visit the moon soon, not Mars. I asked for his moon trip details before he left.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure consistency in reporting verbs and pronouns throughout the narrative, accurately reflecting the sequence of questions and answers.

Writing

 

Question 1. Your friend has participated in an essay writing competition in his school. The topic is 'My favourite leader'. Write a letter to him telling him about your favourite leader and inspire him.

Answer: The writer, Suresh Jadhav, pens a letter to his friend Arvind, who is participating in an essay competition on 'My Favourite Leader'. Suresh expresses his happiness for Arvind's participation and suggests focusing on key details like the leader's date of birth, childhood experiences, and the circumstances that shaped their leadership. Suresh highlights Helen Keller as his own favorite leader, emphasizing her inspiring journey despite being deaf and blind. He encourages Arvind to perform exceptionally well and sends his regards to Arvind's family.
In simple words: Suresh wrote to his friend Arvind, who was in an essay contest about a favorite leader. Suresh suggested researching the leader's early life and actions, sharing that Helen Keller was his favorite because she inspired others despite her disabilities, and wished Arvind success.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a letter to inspire, provide specific examples or characteristics of the chosen leader that demonstrate admirable qualities relevant to the competition's theme.

 

Question 2. Write a paragraph sharing your views on :Women Education and Women Empowerment.
- Why should there be a similar education for women and men ?
- How can education empower women ?
- Do you favour reservation and special facilities for girl students ? Why ?

Answer: Historically, society has been patriarchal, with past social reformers working to advance women's education. Today, it is evident that women are highly capable of excelling in any role. Women's roles should not be confined solely to domestic duties and childcare; they possess the potential for empowerment and significant success in various fields. Therefore, similar educational opportunities for men and women are crucial because education is a primary tool for empowerment, enabling women to realize their full potential and contribute effectively to society. Furthermore, implementing reservations and special facilities for girl students is beneficial as it helps to counteract historical disadvantages, promotes equitable access to education, and accelerates the pace of women's empowerment, ultimately leading to a more balanced and progressive society.
In simple words: Women need equal education because they can succeed in any role, not just domestic ones. Education empowers them to achieve more. Reservations and special facilities for girls are good because they help overcome past inequalities and speed up women's empowerment.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing social issues like women's empowerment, provide historical context, explain the benefits of proposed solutions, and articulate a clear stance on policy measures like reservations.

 

Question 3. Write a speech in about 150 words on Problems of Working Women.

Answer: Working women, while serving as the bedrock of society and increasingly contributing alongside men for family well-being, encounter numerous challenges. Despite their crucial role, they often bear the primary responsibility for household management and domestic duties, in addition to their professional obligations. This dual burden frequently leads to difficulties in balancing their roles as mothers, daughters, and wives. A significant issue arises from the societal expectation that household chores are exclusively women's responsibility, and they are accountable to both family elders and workplace superiors. To alleviate these pressures, employers should offer essential support like transportation facilities, especially for late working hours, to ensure their safety and well-being. Ultimately, fostering a considerate and compassionate environment, where male citizens recognize and support women's vital contributions, is paramount for societal progress.
In simple words: Working women, crucial to society, face challenges balancing work and home. They often do all housework and answer to family and bosses. They need support like transport for safety. Men must help value their role.

🎯 Exam Tip: In a speech about a social problem, clearly state the issue, elaborate on its causes and effects, and propose practical solutions, addressing both societal and systemic aspects.

 

Question 4. Frame about 10 questions to interview working women. Interview three working women.

Answer: Here are ten questions designed for interviewing working women:
(1) Could you describe your typical working hours?
(2) What are your methods for commuting to your workplace?
(3) What is your morning routine for household chores before you leave for work?
(4) How do you balance childcare responsibilities, and are you able to dedicate sufficient time to your children?
(5) What are the expectations that your family members have of you?
(6) Do you receive cooperation from your husband in various aspects of life?
(7) How do you handle workplace tasks while constantly thinking about your household responsibilities?
(8) Is your employer generally content with your professional performance?
(9) How many days of leave do you typically take from work, and for what reasons?
(10) Are your family members, including your children, content with your domestic contributions?
In simple words: We need to ask working women about their work hours, commute, morning routine, childcare, family expectations, husband's cooperation, work-life balance, employer satisfaction, leave days, and family's contentment with their home contributions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When formulating interview questions, aim for clarity, open-endedness, and relevance to the topic to elicit comprehensive and insightful responses.

Sojourner Truth Summary In Gujarati

ને પોરચય ‘સજર્નર ટૂથ' એ એક શ્યામ અમેરિકન સ્વાતંત્ર્યસેનાની અને પ્રભાવશાળી વક્તાની વીતકકથા છે. ‘શ્યામ હોવું એટલે ગોરાઓના ગુલામ હોવું” એવો વણલખ્યો કાયદો હબસીઓની નીતિ હતી. 9 વર્ષની કુમળી વયે ટુથને હરાજીમાં ‘નીલી' નામના એક અંગ્રેજે ખરીદી. ટૂથની ડચ ભાષા અંગ્રેજ કુટુંબ સમજી શકતું નહિ, તેથી તેને કોઈ પણ કારણ વગર ક્રૂર સજા કરતા.

તે અંગ્રેજે તેણીને એક માછીમારને વેચી. ત્યારબાદ ડ્યુમોન નામના વાડીના એક માલિકે તેને ખરીદી. ત્યાંના તેના સમયગાળા દરમિયાન તેનાં લગ્ન થયાં અને પાંચ બાળકો થયાં. 1927માં ન્યૂ યૉર્કે ગુલામોની મુક્તિનો કાયદો કર્યો તો તેણી તેના કુટુંબને દૂર લઈ જવા માગતી હતી, પણ ડ્યુમોને નામરજી બતાવી. આખરે, તેણીએ તેના સૌથી નાના બાળક સાથે જ ન્યૂ યૉર્ક પહોંચવું પડ્યું. તેણે ત્યાં નોકરી શરૂ કરી.

સિવિલ વૉર દરમિયાન ભાષણો કરી, તેમાંથી રળેલા પૈસાથી તે સૈનિકો માટે ભેટસોગાદો લાવી અને ભાગી આવેલા ગુલામોને તેણે કામ અને રહેઠાણ અપાવ્યાં. તેણે રંગભેદનીતિથી થતા અન્યાય સામેનાં ટીકાત્મક ભાષણો ચાલુ રાખ્યાં. પણ વૃદ્ધત્વ અને અસ્વસ્થ તબિયતને લીધે તેની પ્રવૃત્તિઓ રોકાઈ ગઈ. તેણી નવેમ્બર 26, 1883માં બૅટલક્રીક ખાતેના પોતાના નિવાસસ્થાને મૃત્યુ પામી.

તેણે ઓહાયો ખાતે ડિસેમ્બર, 1851માં "ધ વિમેન્સ કન્વેશન ઇન એક્રોન'માં આપેલું ભાષણ "શું હું સ્ત્રી નથી?” અતિશય લોકપ્રિય બન્યું. “ગોરાઓ દક્ષિણના નીગ્રો અને ઉત્તરની સ્ત્રીઓના અધિકારો વિશે જે બણગાં ફૂંકે છે, એ લોકો શું કોઈ પણ સ્થળે સ્ત્રીઓને મદદ કરે છે ખરા? ગાડીમાં કે અન્ય સ્થાનોએ મને કોઈએ મદદ કરી નથી.

મેં ખેતરો ખેડ્યાં છે, અનાજ વાવ્યું છે, લખ્યું છે અને કોઈ પુરુષ મારી મદદે આવ્યો નથી. "શું હું સ્ત્રી નથી? પુરુષના જેટલું જ હું કામ કરું છું, ત્રાસ સહન કરું છું. મેં તેર બાળકોને જન્મ આપ્યો અને બધાંને ગુલામી માટે વેચી માર્યા.

ત્યારે એક માનો ચિત્કાર કોઈએ સાંભળ્યો ખરો? દરેક બાબતમાં રંગભેદ રાખનારા ગોરાઓને અમારા (કાળાઓના) અધિકાર વિશે વાત કરવાનો શો હક? પુરુષોને સ્ત્રી કરતાં વધારે અધિકાર કારણ કે શું ક્રાઇસ્ટ પુરુષ હતા તેથી ?

ક્રાઇસ્ટ ક્યાંથી જન્મ્યા હતા? દુનિયામાં સૌપ્રથમ ઈશ્વરે સ્ત્રીનું જ સર્જન કર્યું, તેથી તો આ દુનિયા સર્જાઈ. શું સ્ત્રીઓને પુરુષ સમોવડા અધિકાર મેળવવાનો હક નથી? અંતે થે સમગ્ર શ્રોતાગણનો પોતાનું વક્તવ્ય સાંભળ્યા બદલ આભાર માન્યો.

Glossary (શબ્દાર્થ)

auction (v.) (झोङशन) a public sale in which things are sold to the highest bidder - ૮૨૮૭
jargon (n.) (જાર્ગન) specialised language - વિશિષ્ટ શબ્દપ્રયોગ
brutally (adv.) (બ્રુટલી) cruelly, unmercifully - ક્રૂરતાથી, નિર્દયતાથી
tavern (n.) (ટેવર્ન) bar, pub- દારૂનું પીઠું / દુકાન
idiomatic (adj.) (ઈડિયોમૅટિક) conversational, dialectal - વાતચીતનું, ગ્રામ્ય બોલીને લગતું
emancipation (n.) (ઇમેન્સિપેશન) freedom - મુક્તિ
reluctance (n.) (રિલક્ટન્સ) hesitation - ખચકાટ, આનાકાની
menial (adj.) (મેનિઅલ) degrading - હલકું, નીચ (કામ)
fanatic (adj.) (ફૅનેટિક) extremist - અંતિમવાદી
fugitive (n.) (ફ્યુજિટિવ) absconder, outlaw - (કાયદાથી) ભાગેડુ
tirade (n.) (ટિરેડ) a long angry speech - લાંબું આક્રોશયુક્ત ભાષણ
racial (adj.) (રેસિયલ) relating to a race - જાતિ કે વંશ / કુળ વગેરેને લગતું
restrict (v.) (રિસ્ટ્રિક્ટ) curtail, delimit - નિયંત્રણ / મર્યાદા રાખવાં, સીમિત કરવું
confine (v.) (કન્ફાઇન) keep within bounds, restrain - મર્યાદામાં / મર્યાદામાં રાખવું
sanatorium (n.) (સેનેટોરિયમ) hospital, infirmary - ઈસ્પિતાલ, આરોગ્યભવન
racket (n.) (રેકિટ) fraudulant scheme - છેતરામણી યોજના
kilter (n.) (કિલ્ટર) good (working) condition - (કામની) સારી સ્થિતિ
ditch (n.) (ડિચ) drainage ditch - ગટરની ઝાડી
barn(n.) (બાર્ન) shed - ઢોર, વાહન વગેરેનું ઢાળિયું-છાપરું
lash (n) (લૅશ) a stroke or blow with a whip - કોરડા કે ચાબુકનો ફટકો
quart (n.) (ક્વાર્ટ) a unit of volume or capacity used to measure liquid - equal to \( \frac{1}{4} \) gallon or 32 ounces (0.946 litre) - પ્રવાહી માપનનો એકમ, 1 ક્વાર્ટ = 0.946 લિટર
pint (n.) (પિન્ટ) a unit of liquid or dry capacity equal to one-half of a quart - પ્રવાહી માપનનો એકમ, ક્વાર્ટના અર્ધા માપનું પ્રવાહી

Phrases And Idioms

as a result (ઍઝ અ રિઝલ્ટ) because of something that has happened - -ને પરિણામે
eventually (ઇવેન્ચ્યુઅલી) at the very end, finally - અંતત:, છેવટે
wind up (વાઇન્ડ અપ) end up, finish up - અંત લાવવો, પૂરું કરી દેવું
under the sway of (અન્ડર ધ સ્વે ઑફ) under the power/influence of - -ની શક્તિ કે પ્રભાવ હેઠળ
be in a fix (બી ઈન અ ફિક્સ) be in a difficult situation - મુશ્કેલીમાં મુકાવું

ભાષાંતર

સજર્નર ટૂથ (1797 - 1883) એક અમેરિકન સ્વાતંત્ર્યસેનાની તથા વક્તા હતાં. એમણે પુત્રી તરીકે ઇઝાબેલા નામે આફ્રિકન પિતા બૉમક્રી (ડચ માલિકના નામ પરથી) અને માતા એલિઝાબેથને ત્યાં ન્યૂ યૉર્કના અલ્સટર કાઉન્ટીમાં જન્મ લીધો હતો. લગભગ 9 વર્ષની ઉંમરે તેમને હરાજીમાં હૉન નીલી નામના એક અંગ્રેજને આપી દેવાયાં.

નીલી પરિવાર તેણીની ડચ બોલી સમજી શકતા ન હતા, અને પરિણામે, કોઈ વાજબી કારણ વગર તેમને ક્રૂરતાથી સજા કરવામાં આવતી. પ્રસંગોપાત્ત નીલી પરિવારે તેણીને કિંગ્ટન, ન્યૂ યૉર્ક ખાતે દારૂનું પીઠું

ધરાવનાર એક માછીમારને વેચી મારી. અહીં તેણીએ અનુભવથી (ત્યાંની) રૂઢ શૈલી શીખી લીધી, જેની તેણીના બોલવા પર વિશિષ્ટ અસર પડી. ત્યારબાદ હૉન જે.

ડ્યુમોન નામના નજીકમાં રહેતા રોપ-ઉછેર વ્યવસાયના માલિકે તેણીને ખરીદી. તેના કુટુંબ સાથેના તેણીના સમયગાળા દરમિયાન તેણીએ લગ્ન કર્યા અને પાંચ બાળકોને જન્મ આપ્યો. 1827માં ન્યૂ યૉર્કે તેના ગુલામોને મુક્ત કરવાનો મુક્તિધારો પસાર કર્યો અને તેણી તેના કુટુંબને દૂર (બીજે) લઈ જવા તૈયાર થઈ, પરંતુ ડ્યુમોન આ બાબતે તૈયાર નહોતો, તેથી તેણી તેના સૌથી નાના બાળકને લઈ જતી રહી.

છેવટે તેણી ન્યૂ યૉર્ક શહેરમાં આવી સ્થિર થઈ. ત્યાં તે લોકોનાં ઘરનાં કામ કરવા લાગી અને થોડાક મિત્રો દ્વારા સંપર્ક થયેલ) મૅથિઆસ નામના એક ધર્મઝનૂની વ્યક્તિના પ્રભાવમાં ખેંચાઈ. ગૃહયુદ્ધ દરમિયાન, ટુથ તેનાં ભાષણોમાંથી કમાયેલા પૈસાથી સૈનિકો માટે ભેટસોગાદો લાવી અને ભાગેડુ ગુલામોને કામ અને ઘર શોધી આપવા મદદ કરવા લાગી. યુદ્ધ બાદ વૃદ્ધત્વ અને માંદગીએ તેણીની પ્રવૃત્તિઓને બૅટલક્રીક, મિચના સ્વાધ્યગૃહમાં સીમિત કરી દીધી

હોવા છતાં તેણીએ ખુદાને ખાતર તેનાં જાતિભેદના અન્યાય સામેનાં લાંબાં આક્રોશયુક્ત ભાષણો ચાલુ રાખ્યાં. ત્યાં જ તેણી 26 નવેમ્બર 1883ના રોજ મૃત્યુ પામી. અહીં, તેણીએ તેણીનાં ઘણાં બધાં ભાષણોમાંથી ડિસેમ્બર, 1851માં ઓહાયો ખાતે “ધ વિમૅન્સ કન્વેન્શન ઇન એક્રોન'માં 'ઍઇન્ટ આઈ અ વુમન?' (શું હું સ્ત્રી નથી? એવા શીર્ષક હેઠળ) પ્રખ્યાત થયેલું એક ભાષણ આપ્યું છે:

હા, તો બાળકો જ્યાં (પણ) છેતરાવાનું હશે ત્યાં સારી સ્થિતિમાં બહાર આવવાના રસ્તાઓ) પણ હશે જ. મને લાગે છે કે દક્ષિણની નીગ્રો પ્રજા અને ઉત્તરની સ્ત્રીઓ, બધા જ જ્યારે હકની વાત કરે છે, ત્યારે ગોરાઓ ટૂંક સમયમાં મુશ્કેલીમાં મુકાશે.

પણ અહીં આ બધા શાની વાતો કરે છે? ત્યાં પેલો માણસ કહે છે કે સ્ત્રીઓને ગાડીમાં લઈ જવા મદદ કરવી જોઈએ અને ખાડીઓ પાર કરાવવી જોઈએ તેમજ દરેક સ્થળે તેમને શ્રેષ્ઠ સ્થાન જ આપવું જોઈએ.

મને તો કોઈ ગાડીમાં લઈ જવા, ખાડીઓ પાર કરવા કે સારા સ્થળે પહોંચાડવા મદદ કરતું નથી! અને શું હું સ્ત્રી નથી? મારા હાથ સામે જુઓ! મેં (ખેતર) ખેડ્યું છે, પાક વાવ્યો છે અને ઢોરને વાડામાં પૂર્યા છે અને કોઈ પુરુષ (મારી મદદ માટે) આગળ આવ્યો નથી. શું હું સ્ત્રી નથી?

હું એક પુરુષ જેટલું કામ પણ કરી શકું છું અને ખાઈ પણ શકું છું - (ખાવાનું) જ્યારે મળે ત્યારે - અને કોરડાનો માર પણ સહી લઉં છું. શું હું સ્ત્રી નથી? મેં તેર બાળકોને જન્મ આપ્યો છે અને બધાને ગુલામો માટે વેચાઈ જતાં જોયાં છે, અને જ્યારે મારામાં રહેલી માતાએ

દર્દભર્યું આક્રંદ કર્યું છે ત્યારે ભગવાન જીસસ સિવાય એ કોઈએ કાને ધર્યું નથી ! શું હું એક સ્ત્રી નથી? અને પછી તે લોકો આ બાબત તેમના દિમાગમાં હોવાની વાતો કરે છે અને એ લોકો શું કહે છે? (શ્રોતાઓમાંથી એક ધીમેથી બોલે છે "બુદ્ધિ).

‘હા, એ જ, ભાઈ, એને સ્ત્રીઓના કે નીગ્રો પ્રજાના અધિકાર (હક) સાથે શી લેવાદેવા? અગર મારા કપમાં એક ‘પિટ'થી વધારે (દારૂ) સમાતો નથી અને તમારા(કપ)માં એક ‘ક્વાર્ટ’ સમાય છે, તો શું તમારે મને તેમાંથી મારો કપ ભરવા અડધોય નહીં આપો, આટલી નીચતા દેખાડશો? તો પછી કાળા પોશાકમાં સજ્જ ત્યાં બેઠેલો ઠીંગણો માણસ કહે છે કે “સ્ત્રીઓ પુરુષો જેટલા અધિકાર ન ભોગવી શકે’, ‘શું

એ) એટલા માટે કે જીસસ ક્રાઇસ્ટ એક સ્ત્રી નહોતા? તમારા ક્રાઇસ્ટ ક્યાંથી જન્મ લીધો હતો? તમારા ક્રાઇસ્ટ ક્યાંથી આવ્યા હતા? ભગવાન હોય કે સ્ત્રી, પુરુષે એમાં કશું કરવાનું નથી. જો સર્વપ્રથમ બનેલ શ્રી ભગવાન આખાય વિશ્વને એકલી ઊંધું કરી શકે તેટલી તાકતવર હોય, તો આ બધી સ્ત્રીઓ (ભેગી મળીને) તેને પાછું વાળી દેવા શક્તિમાન હોવી જોઈએ અને સીધું કરીને તેમનો હક ફરીથી મેળવી શકે.

અને હવે તેઓ તે કરવા માગે છે, પુરુષોએ તેમને તેમ કરવા દેવું જોઈએ. મને સાંભળ્યા બદલ હું તમારી ણી છું, અને હવે આ વૃદ્ધ (થઈ ચૂકેલી) સર્જનને બીજું કશું કહેવાનું રહેતું નથી.