GSEB Class 11 Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 1 वेदामृतम्

वेदामृतम् Exercise

Question 1. आशाः इत्यस्य पदस्य कोऽर्थः ?
(क) श्रद्धा
(ख) विश्वासः
(ग) दिशाः
(घ) देवता
Answer: (ग) दिशाः
In simple words: The word "आशाः" (Ashaah) in Sanskrit means 'directions' or 'hopes'. In this context, it refers to directions.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** For multiple-choice questions, ensure you understand the core meaning of the Sanskrit term to select the correct option. Pay attention to common synonyms and context.

Question 2. समानेन वो ................................ जुहोमि ।
(क) अग्निना
(ख) मनसा
(ग) चित्तेन
(घ) हविषा
Answer: (घ) हविषा
In simple words: This line completes a verse, indicating an offering made 'with shared oblations' or 'with havi'.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** Familiarity with the full verses or common phrases from the chapter is essential for completing such fill-in-the-blank questions accurately.

Question 3. कमिव अन्यो अन्यमभिहर्यत ?
(क) वत्सं जातमिव
(ख) अजामिव
(ग) गामिव
(घ) मित्रमिव
Answer: (क) वत्सं जातमिव
In simple words: The question asks "Like whom should one strive for another?" and the answer suggests "Like a mother cow to her newborn calf," emphasizing mutual affection.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** Understanding the metaphorical comparisons in Sanskrit verses helps in answering questions about relationships and ideal behaviors.

Question 4. अज्या का भवति ?
(क) वत्सा
(ख) गौः
(ग) माता
(घ) पुत्री
Answer: (ख) गौः
In simple words: The term "अज्या" (Ajya) refers to a cow, often in the context of a mother cow.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** Knowing the meanings of specific nouns and their roles in the text is key to identifying correct answers.

Question 5. विभ्भेषजः कः अस्ति ?
(क) हस्तौ
(ख) हस्तः
(ग) भगवान्
(घ) अयम्
Answer: (ख) हस्तः
In simple words: The question asks "Who is the healer of all ills?" and the answer identifies it as "the hand," signifying its healing power.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** Focus on identifying the subject being described or asked about in the question to match it with the correct option.

2. Explain The Following Statement In Mother-Tongue.

Question 1. सर्वा आशा मम मित्रं भवन्तु।
Answer: This particular sentence is extracted from the poetic lesson "Vedamritam." It is found in the sixth mantra of the 15th Sukta of the 19th Kanda of the Atharvaveda. In the textbook, this mantra is presented under the heading 'Prarthana' (Prayer). The Vedas contain various prayers that emphasize strict adherence to rules and prohibitions. This specific statement is a prayer to God for the attainment of fearlessness. Ancient Indian sages recognized that fearlessness is the most crucial of all human virtues. A human being free from fear can live peacefully. If a person, regardless of their wealth or high status, lives in fear, they constantly experience a sensation akin to death, making their life meaningless. A life filled with fear is essentially a form of death. Therefore, this mantra serves as a prayer for achieving fearlessness. It necessitates reflection on how fearlessness can be obtained and how its benefits can be extended to all humanity, followed by the implementation of appropriate arrangements. Such an endeavor ensures that this Vedic prayer becomes truly beneficial. It involves praying for fearlessness from friends, foes, known individuals, unknown entities, day, and night. Furthermore, it expresses the desire for all directions to be friendly. Thus, by achieving comprehensive fearlessness from all directions, one can accomplish the fourfold human pursuits (Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha) and lead a successful life, embodying the true essence of living.
In simple words: This is a prayer from the Atharvaveda asking for all directions to be friendly and for fearlessness from all sources, known and unknown. It highlights that a life free from fear is essential for true happiness and success in human endeavors.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When explaining statements, provide context (source, meaning) and elaborate on the philosophical or practical implications of the statement. Emphasize how the concept relates to human well-being.

Question 2. अन्यो अन्यमभि हर्यत वत्सं जातमिवाघ्या।
Answer: Contextually, this line originates from the "Vedamritam" poetic lesson. This particular sentence is part of a mantra presented under the heading "Sankalpa" (Resolution) within the lesson. It is the first mantra from the 30th Sukta of the third Kanda of the Atharvaveda. The translation implies: "Just as a cow affectionately desires her newborn calf, so too should all of you mutually desire one another." Through this statement, the sage describes the concept of human behavior, urging human society to live together in harmony and mutual affection. In this mantra, the sage expresses a desire to make everyone united in heart, thought, and free from animosity. The underlying meaning is that everyone should maintain mutual love and affection. Similar to how a cow cares for her calf, all individuals should extend their love to each other. When a calf is born, the cow goes into the forest to graze, but in the evening, upon hearing her lowing, the calf also lows back, eager to meet its mother. The cow, too, is eager to meet her calf. Hearing the calf's cries, the cow swiftly runs to embrace and lick her calf. The sage conveys that mutual love is paramount for maintaining complete harmony and unity in society, and this love is the fundamental basis for all forms of development.
In simple words: This verse from the Atharvaveda encourages mutual love and harmony among people, likening it to the natural affection a mother cow has for her newborn calf. It promotes unity and the removal of animosity for societal well-being.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** For explanations of verses, always start with the source and context. Then, provide a clear translation and elaborate on the deeper meaning, moral, or message the verse conveys, connecting it to societal values.

3. Write Answers Of The Questions In Mother-Tongue:

Question 1. For fearlessness from whom does a devotee pray?
Answer: In the section titled 'Prarthana' (Prayer) from the 'Vedamritam' lesson in the textbook, the devotee prays for the attainment of fearlessness to make their life meaningful. To achieve the fourfold human pursuits and live a fearless, joyful life, the devotee prays for fearlessness from friends, foes (enemies), known individuals, familiar objects, places, unknown entities, as well as from night and day. In this manner, the devotee prays for all directions to become friendly. With all directions being friendly, the devotee gains complete and total fearlessness, allowing them to advance steadily on the path to liberation, contributing to the welfare of society and making their life successful.
In simple words: A devotee prays for fearlessness from all aspects of life - friends, enemies, known and unknown dangers, day and night - to live a meaningful and successful life.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When answering questions about prayers, specify *what* is being prayed for and *from whom* or *what* protection is sought. Connect the prayer to its ultimate goal for the devotee's life.

Question 2. Knowledge of which items of equality a person must develop?
Answer: Humans should strive for equality in thoughts within society, ensuring there are no disagreements in gatherings, and that everyone's inner consciousness is unified. The sage advocates for recognizing equal thoughts among all, emphasizing that everyone should offer sacrifices with a unified consciousness, symbolizing shared values and intentions.
In simple words: A person must cultivate equality in thoughts, ensure harmony in assemblies, and unify their inner consciousness, recognizing and respecting shared ideas.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When discussing concepts of equality, highlight both the internal (thoughts, consciousness) and external (social harmony) aspects as described in the text.

Question 3. Like whom should people love one another?
Answer: People should possess similar hearts, be of the same mind, and be free from animosity. They should love each other just as a cow affectionately loves her calf.
In simple words: People should love each other with a unified heart and mind, free from hatred, mirroring the unconditional affection a mother cow has for her calf.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** Focus on the central simile or analogy used in the text (e.g., cow and calf) to illustrate the ideal form of mutual love and its characteristics.

Question 4. How is the human hand depicted in the Mantra?
Answer: In the mantra, the hand of the Almighty is described as fortunate, exceedingly powerful, an all-healing remedy for all ailments, and possessing a benevolent touch that brings well-being.
In simple words: The mantra describes the human hand as divine, endowed with immense power, capable of healing all diseases, and offering a touch that brings prosperity and welfare.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When interpreting symbolic representations, ensure you capture all the attributes and qualities ascribed to the object in the mantra, explaining their significance clearly.

4. Write A Critical Note On:

Question 1. समानो मन्त्रः II Unity of souls reflected in Mantra'
Answer: The verses compiled in the Vedas are known as mantras. It is important to note that, unlike Sanskrit poetic verses (shlokas) found elsewhere, Vedic mantras are not compositions by any single individual. Instead, it is believed that various sages perceived these mantras directly within their inner consciousness. The word "mantra" literally means 'thought' or 'counsel'. All these Vedic mantras contain different ideas, sometimes in the form of prayers, sometimes as rules or prohibitions, and at other times as insights into specific profound principles.
In simple words: Vedic mantras are not human compositions but divine revelations perceived by sages. They embody diverse ideas, prayers, rules, or profound principles, reflecting a unity of thought and consciousness.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When writing critical notes, define the term, explain its origin and significance, and elaborate on its different applications or interpretations within the context of the Vedas.

5. मन्त्रस्य पूर्तिः विधेया।

1. अग्ने नय सुपथा राये अस्मान् विश्वानि देव वयुनानि विद्वान्।
युयोध्यस्मज्जुहुराणमेनो भूयिष्ठान्ते नम उक्तिं विधेम।।

2. समानो मन्त्रः समितिः समानी समानं मनः सह चित्तमेषाम्।
समानं मन्त्रमभि मन्त्रये वः समानेन वो हविषा जुहोमि।।

Sanskrit Digest Std 11 GSEB वेदामृतम् Additional Questions And Answers

वेदामृतम् स्वाध्याय

Question 1. अधोलिखितेभ्यः विकल्पेभ्य: समुचितम् उत्तरं चिनुत।

मम मित्रं भवन्तु।
(अ) सर्वे वेदाः
(ब) दिवा
(स) मित्राणि
(द) सर्वा आशाः
Answer: (द) सर्वा आशाः
In simple words: This question asks to complete the sentence, indicating that 'all directions' should be friendly to me.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** For sentence completion tasks, recall the exact phrasing of the verses from the chapter to ensure accuracy.

Question 2. रिक्तस्थान साम्मनस्यमविद्वेषं कृणोमि वः।
(अ) सहृदयम्
(ब) अभिहर्यत
(स) विधेय
(द) जुहोमि
Answer: (अ) सहृदयम्
In simple words: This question seeks to fill the blank, completing the phrase "I make you united in heart, harmonious, and free from animosity."
🎯 **Exam Tip:** Understanding the context and grammar of the Sanskrit sentence is crucial for selecting the correct word to fill the blank.

Question 3. अयं ................................ हस्तो भगवान्।
(अ) ते
(ब) मे
(स) कः
(द) सः
Answer: (ब) मे
In simple words: The question asks to complete the sentence, which translates to "This hand of mine is divine/blessed."
🎯 **Exam Tip:** Knowledge of pronouns and their correct usage in Sanskrit sentences, especially in lyrical or poetic contexts, is vital for such questions.

Question 4. शिवाभिर्शनः कः अस्ति?
(अ) मन्त्रः
(ब) मना
(स) समितिः
(द) हस्तः
(स) गामिव
Answer: (द) हस्तः
In simple words: The question "Who possesses a benevolent touch?" is answered by "the hand," referring to its auspicious and healing qualities.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** Identify the key descriptive word in the question ("शिवाभिर्शनः" - benevolent touch) and link it directly to the corresponding entity mentioned in the text.

2. निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर मातृभाषा में लिखिए।

Question 1. ऋषि अग्निदेव से क्या प्रार्थना करते हैं?
Answer: The sage prays to Agni-deva (the fire god), who is endowed with all forms of knowledge and wisdom, to guide all devotees seeking wealth onto the righteous path. Additionally, the sage implores Agni-deva to eradicate all malevolent and bondage-creating sins that afflict individuals.
In simple words: The sage prays to Agni-deva to guide devotees towards wealth on the right path and to remove all harmful sins.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When detailing prayers, specify the deity addressed, the requests made, and the desired outcomes for the devotees.

Question 2. सङ्कल्प व उद्घोष का आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Answer: 'Sankalpa' (Resolution) refers to a thought or an idea conceived in the mind, or a firm determination to accomplish a specific task. 'Udghosh' (Proclamation) refers to a formal declaration or announcement, often made publicly to express a resolve or an intention clearly.
In simple words: Sankalpa is a mental resolve or firm determination, while Udghosh is a clear, often public, declaration of intent.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When defining Sanskrit terms, provide a clear, concise definition and, if applicable, differentiate between similar concepts or elaborate on their specific nuances.

3. विवरणात्मक टिप्पणी लिखिए।

1. अभयम् :
Answer: Among human virtues, 'Abhayam' (fearlessness) is considered of utmost importance. A person who is fearless experiences the greatest happiness. Even individuals occupying positions of great wealth and high status, if they live in fear, cannot truly lead a fortunate life. Therefore, the Vedic mantra contains a prayer for achieving fearlessness. It is crucial to contemplate how fearlessness can be attained and how its benefits can be made accessible to all humanity, and then to implement systems for this. If such an endeavor is made, this Vedic prayer will undoubtedly yield positive results, culminating in the highest state of fearlessness: "Sarva Asha Mama Mitram Bhavantu" (May all directions be friendly to me). This implies that when all directions become friendly, there will be no room for fear.
In simple words: Fearlessness is a supreme human virtue, bringing happiness and enabling a purposeful life. The Vedic prayer for 'Abhayam' seeks to eliminate fear from all aspects, making all directions friendly and ensuring a life free from apprehension.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** For explanatory notes, define the concept, explain its significance in human life, and connect it to relevant scriptural references or philosophical ideas, emphasizing its benefits.

2. स्वर-चिह्न :
Answer: If one observes the 'Vedamritam' lesson in the textbook carefully, some lines can be seen above and below the mantras. These lines, visible above and below the Vedic mantras, are known as 'Svara-Chihna' (accent marks). The Vedas feature three primary accents: 'Udatta' (raised), 'Anudatta' (not raised), and 'Svarita' (circumflex). The vertical line placed above an अक्षर (akshara-syllable) symbolizes the Svarita accent. The horizontal line placed below an अक्षर (akshara-syllable) signifies the Anudatta accent. No specific mark is used for the Udatta accent. This system of vocalization is useful when reciting Vedic mantras and sometimes crucial for discerning the meaning of a word. Additionally, the significance of 'Om' is highly emphasized in the Vedas.
In simple words: Svara-Chihna are accent marks in Vedic mantras, indicated by lines above or below syllables, signifying Udatta, Anudatta, and Svarita tones. These marks are vital for correct recitation and understanding the meaning of Vedic texts.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When describing technical linguistic features like accent marks, clearly define each type, explain its representation (e.g., specific symbols or lack thereof), and state its purpose or importance in the context of the language.

This sacred and auspicious word is highly regarded. Therefore, it is customary to chant 'Om' at the beginning of every mantra. Its meaning is 'protector' or 'God'.

वेदामृतम् Summary In Hindi

वेदामृतम् (वेदों का अमृत)

सन्दर्भ : The current lesson includes five mantras. The first, fourth, and fifth mantras are from the Atharvaveda, the second is from the Yajurveda, and the third is from the Rigveda.

Among the world's literature, the Vedas are considered the most ancient texts. According to traditional Indian beliefs, the Vedas are apaurushya, meaning they were not composed by any human author. It is also believed that in ancient times, sages perceived these Vedic mantras within their inner consciousness, leading to their revelation. Therefore, sages are referred to as the "seers of mantras."

The Vedas provide guidance on both 'vidhi' (prescriptions) and 'nisheha' (prohibitions) for the welfare of all human society. 'Vidhi' means actions that should be performed, while 'nisheha' refers to actions that should not be performed. Additionally, prayers are offered for strength to adhere to these rules and regulations effectively. These deeply emotional prayers enhance the spiritual power of devotees. The collection of Vedic mantras in this lesson is presented under the headings: 'Prarthana' (Prayer), 'Sanjnan' (Cognition), 'Sankalpa' (Resolution), and 'Udghosh' (Proclamation), respectively.

The two mantras given under the 'Prarthana' heading are prayers for fearlessness and wealth.

The mantra provided under the 'Sanjnan' heading instructs on recognizing the importance of unity. The mantras presented under 'Sankalpa' and 'Udghosh' respectively describe the concept of human behavior and portray a human proclamation that expresses self-confidence.

The inherent essence of all these Vedic mantras encompasses the entire human society. In these mantras, no distinction is observed based on gender, age, or caste-country.

अन्वय, शब्दार्थ एवं अनुवाद

1. अन्वय : ओम् मित्रात् अभयम्, अमित्रात् अभयम्, ज्ञातात् अभयम्, य: परोक्षात् अभयम्, नक्तम् अभयम्, दिवा च नः अभयम्, (भवतु)। सर्वाः आशा: मम मित्रं भवन्तु।

शब्दार्थ : अभयम् - fearlessness, being free from fear, the state of being fearless. मित्रात् - from a friend. अमित्रात् - from an enemy, from a foe. ज्ञातात् - from a known person, from a familiar entity. परोक्षात् - from the unseen, from things not visible. नक्तम् - at night. दिवा - in the day. नः - to us all. (नः is the alternative form of अस्मान्, the accusative plural of the pronoun अस्मद्). आशा - directions, hopes. भवन्तु - let them be.
अनुवाद : Om (O Lord), let us be fearless from friends, fearless from enemies, fearless from known entities, and fearless from the unseen (unknown), fearless at night and in the day. May all directions be friendly to me.
In simple words: This verse is a prayer for complete fearlessness from all sources, known and unknown, day and night, wishing for all directions to be favorable.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When presenting Anvaya, Shabdarth, and Anuvad, ensure the Shabdarth clearly explains each word's meaning and grammatical form, and the Anuvad provides a smooth, accurate translation of the rearranged verse.

2. अन्वय : - अग्ने देव, अस्मात् विश्वानि वयुनानि विद्वान् राये सुपथा नय अस्मत् जुहुराणम् एन: दुयोधि भूयिष्ठाम् ते उक्तिम् नमः विधेम।

शब्दार्थ : अग्ने - O Agni-deva (vocative singular, masculine noun Agni). विश्वानि - all. वयुनानि - various kinds of wisdom, knowledge. विद्वान् - wise, learned. राये - for wealth. सुपथा - by the right path. नय - lead (imperative mood, middle voice, second person singular). अस्मत् - from us (ablative plural of the pronoun अस्मद्). जुहुराणम् - crooked, binding. एन: - sin (nominative/accusative singular, neuter noun enas). युयोधि - remove, avert. भूयिष्ठाम् उक्तिम् - abundant praise, extensive discourse, words. नमः - salutation (an indeclinable word). विधेम - we offer, we perform.
अनुवाद : O Agni-deva, O wise one, endowed with all kinds of knowledge, lead us on the right path towards wealth. Remove from us the binding sin. We offer our salutations to Your abundant words.
In simple words: This mantra is a prayer to Agni, the wise deity, asking him to guide us on the righteous path to prosperity, remove all binding sins, and accept our abundant praises.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** For complex verses, break down the Anvaya into logical phrases, provide precise word meanings (Shabdarth) with grammatical notes, and then offer a flowing translation (Anuvad) that captures the full intent of the prayer.

3. अन्वय : वः समान: मन्त्रः, समानी समितिः, समानम् मनः एषाम् चित्तम् सह, समानं मन्त्रम् अभिमन्त्रये, समानेन हविषा जुहोमि।

शब्दार्थ : वः - to you all (dative/genitive plural of the pronoun युष्मद्, or an alternative form of युष्मान् in accusative). समान: मन्त्रः - common thought. समानी समितिः - common assembly. समानम् मनः - common mind. एषाम् चित्तं सह - with the consciousness of these (all). अभिमन्त्रये - I counsel, I reflect. हविषा - with oblation (instrumental singular of the neuter noun havis, meaning sacrificial offering, primarily plant-based materials used in Yajna). जुहोमि - I offer, I sacrifice.
अनुवाद : May your thoughts be one, your assembly one, your minds one, and your inner consciousness united. I counsel you with a common thought. I offer oblation with a common offering.
In simple words: This verse advocates for unity in thought, assembly, mind, and consciousness among people, suggesting shared intentions and common offerings.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When discussing concepts of unity and communal living, highlight how the mantra emphasizes collective harmony through shared thoughts, gatherings, and spiritual practices.

4. अन्वय : - वः सहृदयं साम्मनस्यम् अविद्वेषम् कृणोमि। अज्या जातम् वत्सम् इव अन्यो अन्यम् अभिहर्यत।

शब्दार्थ : वः - to you all (dative/genitive plural of the pronoun युष्मद्, or an alternative form of युष्मान् in accusative). सहृदयम् - like-hearted, with a common heart. साम्मनस्यम् - like-minded, with a common mind. अविद्वेषम् - without hatred. कृणोमि - I make, I create. अघ्या - cow. वत्सम् - calf. जातम् - born. अन्यो अन्यम् - mutually, one another (this is a Vedic usage, hence the absence of sandhi). अभिहर्यत - love each other, desire one another.
अनुवाद : I make you all like-hearted, like-minded, and free from hatred. Love one another as a cow loves her newborn calf.
In simple words: This mantra promotes unity, mutual affection, and freedom from hatred, illustrating it with the example of a cow's love for its calf.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** Emphasize the strong moral message conveyed through the simile, showing how a natural bond (cow-calf) serves as an ideal for human relationships.

5. अन्वय : अयम् मे हस्त: भगवान्, अयम् में (हस्तः) भगवत्तरः, अयम् मे (हस्त:) विश्वभेषज: अयं (मे हस्त:) शिवाभिमर्शनः।

शब्दार्थ : मे - my (genitive singular of the pronoun अस्मद्). भगवान - fortunate, divine. भगवत्तरः - more fortunate, exceedingly powerful. विश्वभेषजः - universal remedy, medicine for all ailments, healer of all diseases. शिवाभिमर्शनः - auspicious touch, beneficial touch.
अनुवाद : This hand of mine is divine (fortunate), this hand of mine is exceedingly powerful (more fortunate), this hand of mine is a universal remedy (healer of all diseases), this hand of mine has a benevolent touch.
In simple words: This verse glorifies the human hand as divine, immensely powerful, a universal healer, and possessing an auspicious touch.
🎯 **Exam Tip:** When explaining descriptive verses, ensure you clearly list and elaborate on each attribute or quality ascribed to the subject, highlighting its significance.