GSEB Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 3 An Interview with Arun Krishnamurthy

GSEB Class 10 English Textbook Solutions Chapter 3 An Interview with Arun Krishnamurthy (Second Language)

GSEB Class 10 English 3 An Interview with Arun Krishnamurthy Text Book Questions and Answers

"You must be the change that you want to see in the world." Do you know who said this ? There are people in India who followed these words of Mahatma Gandhi and influenced the lives of many. Let's read about two such people who, with their small initiatives, changed the lives of many.

(1) Water wastage is one of the most serious issues of the country today. But there is one man who decided to help people stop it by helping them single-handedly. Therefore, he is also known as 'One Man NGO'. The writer, artist and cartoonist Aabid Surti wages war against water wastage. Every Sunday, this national award winner walks around homes in Mumbai and fixes leaking taps to save every drop of water. Wonderful idea, isn't it? Aabid says, "If I can, you can.”

(2) Have you heard about the Mother of Orphans Sindhumati Sapkal is a social worker who has adopted more than 1000 orphan children so far. Her life started as being an unwanted child. Her husband abandoned her when she was nine months pregnant She had to beg on the streets to survive and realized condition of the orphan children. Her circumstances forced her to lose courage and succumb situations But Sindhutai emerged stronger with every difficulty she faced. Today, she proudly says, “I am there for all those who have no one."

Question 2. Brainstorm at least two problems or difficulties faced by common people around you. Think of what your group can do to solve them. Share your ideas with the class. One is done for you. (Classroom Activity)
Answer:

In simple words: This activity asks us to think about common problems people face and then come up with ways our group could help fix them, like using paper bags for plastic, carpooling for traffic, and building dams for water issues.

Exam Tip: For group activities, ensure you provide concrete, actionable ideas that are relevant to the problem discussed.

Question 3. Study the table about the impact of pollution.
Answer:

In simple words: This table helps us understand why pollution happens, what bad things it causes, and how we can try to fix it, covering issues like fossil fuels causing health problems and global warming, with solutions like using public transport and recycling.

Exam Tip: When analyzing environmental issues, always categorize information into "Cause," "Effect," and "Solution" for clarity.

Now write five sentences about the solution of air pollution. You can begin like this ... We should use public mode of transportation instead of our own vehicle.

(1) We should use energy efficient devices.
(2) We should emphasize on the use of natural energy resources.
(3) We should reduce / stop the smoke from factories and industries.
(4) We should save trees and plant more trees.
(5) We should understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

Vocabulary

Question 1. Use the words from the box to complete this text about environmental problems.
Answer: Pollution is a major problem of our times. Air, water and land all are polluted. Poor waste disposal is to blame for many of the problems. Pollution of the atmosphere has led to the destruction of ozone layer and greenhouse effect. Moreover we are wasting our natural resources. The act of deforestation has also created many problems. Each of us has to act sincerely to protect our environment.
In simple words: Pollution is a huge issue today. Air, water, and land are all dirty. Bad waste management is the reason for many problems. Pollution in the air has ruined the ozone layer and caused the greenhouse effect. We are also using up our natural resources too quickly. Cutting down trees has also caused many issues. We each need to work hard to protect our natural surroundings.

Exam Tip: Read the entire passage first to get the context before filling in blanks. Look for keywords that logically fit the sentence structure and meaning.

Question 2. Match A with B and form a sentence (of more than four words) using both the words. One has been done for you.
Answer:

Example : Generally mosquitoes spread malaria in monsoon.

(1) Children who have supportive parents do well in studies and all other activities.
(2) Why did Mr Verma quit such a good job ?
(3) Removal of garbage is the main problem in a city like Mumbai.
(4) We should give worn out clothes to the poor.
(5) Mahesh and his team of volunteers will look after the guests.
(6) We should use environment-friendly paper bags when we go to the market.
In simple words: We need to combine words from Part A and Part B to make meaningful sentences. For example, 'mosquitoes' and 'malaria' go together, and 'supportive' with 'parents'.

Exam Tip: Always make sure your sentences are grammatically correct and that the combined words create a logical meaning.

Question 3. Find and write the words having similar meanings from the first three paragraphs of A. Krishnamurthy's interview.
Answer:
(1) established - founded
(2) seashore - beach
(3) very dirty - heavily polluted
(4) varied - various
(5) keep on - continued
(6) few - a couple
(7) assist - support
(8) struggle - conflict
(9) beautiful - lovely
(10) humbleness - humility
In simple words: This question asks us to find words that have almost the same meaning from the interview text. For instance, 'established' means the same as 'founded', and 'beautiful' is similar to 'lovely'.

Exam Tip: When finding synonyms, ensure the word choice fits the context of the original passage, as some words can have multiple meanings.

Question 4. Choose the most appropriate words ' to complete the sentences.
Answer:
(1) Every parent is worried about the future, of her / his son or daughter.
(2) A volunteer works selflessly in the mission s/he joins.
(3) People rush in to have a glimpse of a superstar wherever s/he goes.
(4) Jenil's father is concerned about the environment and does something for it. He is an environmentalist.
(5) Mr Aiyer is busy in his laboratory inventing something. He is a scientific researcher.
(6) Ram Gopal Verma produces horror and suspense movies. He is a film-maker.
In simple words: We need to pick the best word from the list to fill in the blank for each sentence so that the sentence makes perfect sense. For example, a person who works selflessly is a 'volunteer', and someone who invents things in a lab is a 'scientific researcher'.

Exam Tip: Read each sentence carefully and consider the context to select the most fitting word from the given options.

Question 5. Use the correct forms of the words ( from the box to complete the sentences.
Answer: Example: Your attendance in both the semesters is low so you can't appear at the S board exam.
(1) Kalpana Chavla had supportive parents that helped her to choose her desired career.
(2) The decision of giving textbooks free of cost to all the students by the government is praiseworthy.
(3) Before you pass your S.S.C. exam, you should have information about all the courses after 10th.
(4) When mummy reached home, she found that everything was set beautifully in the room.
(5) Our request of removal of the heap of garbage at the corner of our street was attended to immediately.
(6) The government has launched a project to clean polluted rivers of our country.
In simple words: We must use the right form of the words provided to finish the sentences, ensuring they fit grammatically and make sense. For example, 'supportive' for parents, 'decision' for the government's choice, and 'information' for courses.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the part of speech required (noun, verb, adjective, adverb) and pluralization when choosing the correct form of a word.

6. Clip words.

Clipping occurs when the original word is reduced to one of its parts, resulting in the formation of a new word. This process is also referred to as 'truncation' and 'shortening.' In clipping, the word is shortened but the meaning remains the same.

Examples:
(1) A memo is a brief written message often used in business. It is a clipping of memorandum.
(2) If your pet is sick, you take it to a vet. It is a clipping of veterinarian.
(3) A clip for gasoline is gas.

Question. Now write the clip word for the longer words.
Answer:
(1) brother - bro
(2) champion - champ
(3) doctor - doc
(4) popular music - pop music
(5) hamburger - burger
(6) demonstration - demo
(7) revolution - rev
(8) refrigerator - fridge
(9) advertisement - ad
(10) graduate - grad
(11) teenager - teen
(12) market - mart
(13) gymnasium - gym
(14) influenza - flu
(15) president - prez
In simple words: This involves shortening longer words into their common, shorter forms, like 'brother' becoming 'bro' or 'refrigerator' becoming 'fridge', while keeping the same meaning.

Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with common clipped words as they are frequently used in everyday language and writing.

Question. Find out some clip words from English news papers and write the main word.
Answer: Example : con - convict
(1) auto - automobile
(2) bike - bicycle
(3) mike - microphone
(4) mod - modern
(5) phone - telephone
(6) quake - earthquake
(7) pro - professional
(8) exam - examination
(10) prof - professor
In simple words: This exercise asks us to recognize shortened words, often seen in newspapers, and then write out their full, original forms. For instance, 'auto' is the clipped form of 'automobile'.

Exam Tip: Reading newspapers and magazines can help you identify and learn common clipped words used in different contexts.

Question 7. Use the set of words to frame a sentence. You may change the order and form of the words.
Answer:
(1) conflict - arrogant - office
Ah honest person will always have conflict with his arrogant boss in the office.
(2) hesitation - quit - job
I did not have any hesitation in quitting my job and joining my father's business.
(3) humility - venture - activist
A true activist will succeed in his venture only if he remains humble.
(4) volunteer - enterprise - large scale
We need volunteers on a large scale for - this new enterprise.
In simple words: We must use the given words to make complete sentences, changing their form or order if needed to make sense. For example, using 'conflict', 'arrogant', and 'office' to describe an honest person's issue with a boss.

Exam Tip: When framing sentences, focus on using all given words naturally and ensuring grammatical correctness and a clear meaning.

Comprehension

Question 1. Make a list of trash / garbage thrown around. Make a list of things and equipment Arun and his team use.
Answer:

In simple words: This table shows two main things: what kind of rubbish is usually found lying around, like diapers, paper, and junk food, and also the tools and equipment that Arun and his team use to clean up, such as rakes, spades, and garbage trucks.

Exam Tip: When listing items, ensure you accurately categorize them as either 'trash' or 'equipment' to avoid confusion.

Question 2. Note what you liked the most and what you liked the least in this text related to Arun Krishnamurthy's statements and Arun Krishnamurthy's beliefs.
Answer:

In simple words: We list the things we admired most about Arun Krishnamurthy, such as his work cleaning water bodies and planting trees, and his good values like humility and protecting all life. The 'least liked' column is left empty in this provided solution.

Exam Tip: When asked for personal opinions, clearly state your points and briefly justify them based on the text provided.

3. Tick mark the most appropriate option.

Question 1. Arun learnt from his teachers ...
(a) never to stop learning.
(b) to do great work to become great.
(c) to seek help of other people.
(d) to learn from his own deeds.
Answer: (a) never to stop learning.
In simple words: Arun's teachers taught him that he should always keep learning and never stop, no matter what.

Exam Tip: Always re-read the specific section of the text that discusses the teachers' lessons to confirm the correct answer.

Question 2. Water is the basis of life means ...
(a) we find everything in water.
(b) all living beings need water to grow and live.
(c) birds and animals need water.
(d) vegetation grows with the help of water.
Answer: (b) all living beings need water to grow and live.
In simple words: Saying water is the foundation of life means that every single living creature, including plants, animals, and humans, needs water to grow and stay alive.

Exam Tip: Understand the broader implications of phrases. "Basis of life" implies a fundamental requirement for all living things.

Question 3. The green cover around Arun's school inspired him ...
(a) to plant more and more plants and trees.
(b) to think and understand about the importance of life form like birds and animals.
(c) to save birds and animals.
(d) to launch a movement to protect the greenery
Answer: (b) to think and understand about the importance of life form like birds and animals.
In simple words: The green spaces around Arun's school helped him realize how important all living things, like birds and animals, are and why we should protect them.

Exam Tip: Look for the direct cause-and-effect relationship mentioned in the text between the inspiration and Arun's actions or understanding.

Question 4. "My school and college had a plenty of green cover." It means....
(a) his school and college had been covered with green net.
(b) there were lots of big trees, plants and greenery around his school and college.
(c) his school and college garden had green lawn.
(d) his school and college had understood the importance of green cover.
Answer: (b) there were lots of big trees, plants and greenery around his school and college.
In simple words: When Arun says his school and college had "plenty of green cover," it means there were many trees, plants, and natural green areas all around the buildings.

Exam Tip: Interpret descriptive phrases literally. "Green cover" refers to natural foliage, not artificial coverings.

4. Answer these questions.

Question 1. Which organization did Arun found at the age of 17 ?
Answer: Arun founded the Environmentalist Foundation of India at the age of 17.
In simple words: Arun started a group called the Environmentalist Foundation of India when he was 17 years old.

Exam Tip: For factual questions, provide the exact name and age mentioned in the text to score full marks.

Question 2. What were Arun's parents like ?
Answer: Arun's parents were very supportive and understood that he was interested in environment.
In simple words: Arun's parents were very helpful and knew that he cared a lot about nature.

Exam Tip: Describe parental roles by highlighting key supportive traits like understanding and encouragement.

Question 3. What, according to Arun, should we ensure ?
Answer: According to Arun, we should ensure that lakes and water bodies are free of garbage so that birds and animals (frogs and snakes) can live in peace.
In simple words: Arun believes we must make sure that lakes and other water places are clean from trash, so that birds and animals can live there without any trouble.

Exam Tip: When quoting someone's view, accurately state what they emphasize and the reason behind it.

Question 4. What do Arun and his team do to protect themselves from dust ?
Answer: Arun and his team wear nose masks and sanitary gloves to protect themselves from dust.
In simple words: To keep safe from dust, Arun and his team use nose masks and special gloves during their work.

Exam Tip: List specific protective gear mentioned, as details are often important for such questions.

Question 5. How much time should school-going children devote for an environmental cause ?
Answer: School-going children should devote two hours on Saturday and two hours on Sunday for an environmental cause.
In simple words: Students should spend four hours each weekend, two hours on Saturday and two hours on Sunday, helping with environmental activities.

Exam Tip: Be precise with time commitments. State both the duration and the days for accuracy.

Question 6. What hurt Arun badly ? What did he decide then?
Answer: A beautiful lake next to his house was heavily polluted, leading to spread of mosquitoes and had turned it into an ugly place. This hurt Arun badly. He decided to clean the lake with a couple of his friends.
In simple words: Arun was deeply upset because a lovely lake near his home became very dirty, full of mosquitoes, and looked bad. Because of this, he chose to clean the lake with some friends.

Exam Tip: Identify both the cause of distress and the subsequent action taken, as the question asks for two parts.

Question 7. How did Arun's parents and teachers encourage Arun in his drive for environment ?
Answer: Arun's parents always supported him and guided him. They never stopped him from doing what he wanted. Arun's teachers taught him humility and simplicity. They taught him to keep learning all the time.
In simple words: Arun's parents always helped and advised him, letting him pursue his interests. His teachers taught him to be humble, simple, and never stop learning.

Exam Tip: Highlight the specific ways both parents (support, guidance) and teachers (values, continuous learning) influenced Arun.

Question 8. Why does Aiun believe that he is an environmentalist and not an activist ?
Answer: Arun keeps on learning so much from the environment and his work to protect the environment. So he believes that he is an environmentalist and not an activist.
In simple words: Arun sees himself as an environmentalist, not an activist, because he constantly learns from nature and dedicates his work to protecting it.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between the two terms based on the given context: an environmentalist learns and works with nature, while an activist might be seen as fighting for a cause.

5. Write short notes.

Question 1. Arun – A Young Environmentalist
(founded an NGO -17 years of age – work for the cause of environment – left job at Google – working for environment – water bodies – other life forms)
Answer: Arun Krishnamurthy is a young environmentalist. At the age of 17, he founded an NGO called Environmentalist Foundation of India (EFI). He works for the cause of environment. Arun and his team of volunteers clean beaches and other water bodies, plant trees and also make environment-friendly paper bags. He first cleaned a lake next to his house with a couple of friends. He got a lot of support from his parents and teachers. Arun feels that it is important to protect birds and animals. He feels that water bodies should be kept clean so that birds and animals can live peacefully. Arun left a good job at Google to devote his full attention to environment. He encourages the students and youth to volunteer with him in helping the environment.
In simple words: Arun Krishnamurthy is a young environmentalist who started EFI at 17. He and his team clean water bodies, plant trees, and make eco-friendly bags. He left Google to fully focus on environmental protection and encourages young people to join.

Exam Tip: When writing a short note, ensure you cover all the key points mentioned in the prompt, such as age, organization, activities, and motivation.

Question 2. Arun's NGO: EFI
(founded at the age of 17- cleaned the lake near his house – cleaned the surroundings - remove the trash – garbage – restore water bodies -encourage students – offer fellowship)
Answer: At a young age of 17, Arun founded an NGO called Environmentalist Foundation of India (EFI), which works for the cause of environment. Arun first cleaned a lake next to his house, which was heavily polluted, leading to the spread of mosquitoes and making the place ugly. Arun and his couple of friends cleaned the lake. Arun and his team of volunteers clean beaches and other water bodies, plant trees and also make environment-friendly paper bags. The NGO cleans water bodies and uses the garbage for landfill with no or minimal exposure to environment. The NGO encourages students to participate in this work. It also offers fellowship to interested students. It encourages the youth and trains them to make them actively involved in its activities.
In simple words: Arun founded EFI when he was 17 to protect the environment. His NGO cleans lakes, beaches, and other water bodies, plants trees, makes eco-friendly bags, and disposes of garbage safely. EFI also motivates and trains young people and students to get involved.

Exam Tip: Outline the core purpose of the NGO, its primary activities, and its outreach efforts to students and youth.

Question 6. Describe a clean / beautiful lake and a polluted / an ugly lake. Classify the listed words / phrases. Use the words in your sentences and present them before the class.
Answer:

(B) Now write notes on both the topics using the words and phrases. Compare your writing with the writings of other groups.

A clean, beautiful lake: A clean and beautiful lake contains clean water. It has clear, blue water. A clean lake always has an attractive look. Therefore many people visit it. Sometimes there are boating facilities also. Lush green trees and greenery all around make it even more attractive and beautiful. Therefore people come for a walk around the lake.

There are benches to sit and enjoy the beauty of the lake. The lake also has water creatures like fish, jelly-fish, turtles, snakes, frogs. Birds chirp in the trees and fly around. In short, a clean and beautiful lake is well-structured and well-maintained, with clean banks.

A polluted, ugly lake: A polluted lake looks very ugly. The water is very dirty and has a foul smell. Therefore it is not visited by anyone. The lake is full of filthy things and trash. It is filled with plastic bags, pouches, wrappers, diapers, slippers, etc.

There are no sea / water creatures in the lake. Turtles and snakes die because of poisonous things. A polluted lake leads to spread of mosquitoes. In short, a polluted, ugly lake is ill-maintained.
In simple words: This section describes the differences between a clean and beautiful lake versus a polluted and ugly one. A clean lake has clear water, looks nice, attracts visitors, and supports healthy aquatic life, with green surroundings. A polluted lake is dirty, smells bad, is full of trash like plastic bags, and harms its creatures, leading to mosquito problems and neglect.

Exam Tip: When describing contrasting concepts, use clear descriptive language for each point and organize them for easy comparison.

7. Think and answer.

(Classroom / Individual Activity)

(1) How should we keep our surroundings neat and clean ? What role should you play ?

(2) Prepare a list of Dos and Don'ts to keep our water bodies (ponds/rivers/lakes) neat and clean.

(3) Discuss in group : Conserving our environment is now more necessary than ever. Present your views before the class. (Take help of your teacher)

(4) Prepare placards about what to do and what not to do to save the environment.

(5) How would your parents feel if you become a social worker like Arun? (You may use your mother tongue.)

(6) Observe your surroundings. Make a list of things you don't like. Give some suggestions regarding what can be done.

Language Practice

Question 1. Read the paragraph and underline the word(s) that tell you how often the person does something (referring to time/ frequency).
Answer: Example: usually, sometimes
Saina Nehwal is the first Indian to win a medal (2012) in badminton at the Olympics. She always states her winning mantra as 'hard work'. She never thinks about defeat when she is in the game and always tries to win the match. However, she never keeps a count of titles she wins. She has a pretty busy schedule and she always sticks to that. She rarely skips her practice sessions. She believes that to attain goals one must follow an unvarying and fixed routine every day. She usually follows three sessions in a day including warm up exercises and game practice on court. Although she has many hobbies, she often doesn't have time to fulfil her other interests. She likes reading short stories and sometimes spends time watching movies.
In simple words: This paragraph describes Saina Nehwal's habits and mindset. The words that show how often she does things are underlined, such as 'always' for her winning mantra, 'never' for thinking about defeat, 'rarely' for skipping practice, and 'sometimes' for watching movies.

Exam Tip: When identifying frequency adverbs, look for words that indicate how often an action occurs, such as always, never, sometimes, often, or rarely.

Answer these questions. Answer can be one word or Yes / No.

Question 1. Does Saina think about defeat in the game ?
Answer: Never
In simple words: Saina never thinks about losing when she plays her games.

Exam Tip: For simple Yes/No or one-word answers, directly extract the information from the text.

Question 2. Which winning mantra does she always state ?
Answer: Hard Work
In simple words: Saina always says that her key to winning is hard work.

Exam Tip: Identify key phrases or mottos directly stated in the text as the answer.

Question 3. Does she skip her practice sessions ?
Answer: Rarely
In simple words: She almost never misses her practice times.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to adverbs of frequency like "rarely" which indicate a very low occurrence.

Question 4. How many sessions does she practice in a day ?
Answer: Three
In simple words: Saina practices three times every day.

Exam Tip: Extract numerical facts directly from the passage for questions about quantity.

Question 5. Is Saina able to fulfil her other interests ?
Answer: No
In simple words: Saina cannot do all the other fun things she likes because of her busy schedule.

Exam Tip: Look for phrases indicating limitations or inability to pursue other activities.

Question 6. What does she do ? (always / sometimes / never)
Answer: Read short stories, watch movies sometimes
In simple words: She sometimes reads short stories and watches movies.

Exam Tip: If the question provides options for frequency, choose the one that best matches the description in the text.

Question 2. (A) Look at some of the facts.
Answer:
(1) All the crows are black. We rarely find a white crow.
(2) Fish always keep their eyes open. Even when they sleep they never shut their eyes.
(3) It seldom rains in the desert areas of Rajasthan.
(4) Lions frequently enter the village of Gir. But they are never seen in city areas.
(5) Saras cranes are always found in winter in Gujarat.
(6) The Indian elephant usually sleeps for 2-3 hours per day.
In simple words: These facts explain different observations about animals and nature, like how crows are black, fish always keep their eyes open, and it rarely rains in Rajasthan's deserts. They also mention lions often visit Gir villages and Indian elephants usually sleep for a few hours.

Exam Tip: For observation-based questions, accurately list each fact as presented in the text.

Question 2. (B) Study the table and understand the words given in the steps expressing frequency of an action.
Answer:

(1) Raghav doesn't go to the library, -never
(2) Junaid doesn't visit the library unless it is necessary. – almost never
(3) Parv visits the library once in two-three months. – seldom / rarely
(4) Freny prefers to read at home. She visits the library only to borrow books. – occasionally
(5) Rishi is not regular but many times he reads at the library as well, -sometimes
(6) Jamshed visits the library almost twice a week. – frequently
(7) Rizwana regularly visits the library. – often
(8) Dilbar visits the library every day except holidays. – almost always / usually
(9) Khushbu visits the library every day. – always
In simple words: This table and the statements explain how often different people visit the library. For example, Raghav never goes, Junaid almost never visits, and Khushbu goes always, while others like Parv and Rishi visit less often.

Exam Tip: When analyzing tables, pay close attention to the column headers and correlate the data with the frequency words provided for accurate interpretation.

3. Read about each situation and then answer the questions.

Question 1. Jaimin usually does his homework. Ravindra always does his homework. Dipak never does his homework. Who is a regular student ?
Answer: Ravindra
In simple words: Ravindra is the student who regularly completes his homework without fail.

Exam Tip: For comparative questions, identify the keyword (e.g., "regular") and find the person who matches that description most consistently.

Question 2. Shehnaz seldom walks to school. Mahima often walks to school. Rina walks to school sometimes. Who prefers to go to school by bus more than the other two ?
Answer: Shehnaz
In simple words: Shehnaz prefers the bus because she rarely walks to school, unlike Mahima who often walks, and Rina who sometimes walks.

Exam Tip: Pay close attention to adverbs of frequency like "seldom," "often," and "sometimes" as they indicate preference or habit.

Question 3. Shemalbhai usually takes buttermilk during lunch. Kishanbhai sometimes takes buttermilk during lunch. Ramanbhai always takes buttermilk during lunch. Who is fond of buttermilk among them?
Answer: Ramanbhai
In simple words: Ramanbhai enjoys buttermilk the most because he drinks it every single time during lunch.

Exam Tip: "Always" signifies the strongest preference or habit among the given options, indicating someone is "fond of" something.

Question 4. Mona's grandmother sometimes takes a walk after dinner. Her brother always runs five kilometres in the morning. She hardly ever does exercises. Who is more health conscious ?
Answer: Mona's brother
In simple words: Mona's brother is more careful about his health because he always runs a long distance every morning, showing regular exercise.

Exam Tip: Health consciousness is typically linked to consistent, active habits. Look for actions that show regular effort in staying fit.

Question 5. Jatin is seldom late to work. Aarav is usually late to work. Dev is sometimes late to work. Who is likely to be scolded by the boss ?
Answer: Aarav
In simple words: Aarav will likely get in trouble with the boss because he is usually late, which means it happens very often.

Exam Tip: The word "usually" implies a high frequency, making Aarav the most probable candidate for being reprimanded for tardiness.

Question 6. Mohit rarely reads English newspapers, Rishi usually goes through the headlines only. Navin always prefers to read Gujarati newspaper. Who spends more time on reading English newspapers ?
Answer: Rishi
In simple words: Rishi spends more time with English newspapers since Mohit hardly reads them, and Navin prefers Gujarati papers.

Exam Tip: When evaluating who spends "more time," compare the engagement levels. Reading "headlines only" still implies more interaction than "rarely reading" or preferring another language.

4. Now, think of your daily life and answer these questions. Use always, never, often, sometimes, rarely, almost, never, almost always, frequently, occasionally, seldom.

Question 1. How often do you get up before 6.00 a.m. ?
Answer: Sometimes
In simple words: I get up before 6.00 a.m. sometimes, meaning it happens on some days but not every day.

Exam Tip: Be honest with your self-assessment. "Sometimes" is a good general answer for an irregular routine.

Question 2. How often do you arrive on time at school ?
Answer: Always
In simple words: I always reach school on time, which means I am never late for class.

Exam Tip: "Always" shows a consistent and positive habit. Use it when there are no exceptions.

Question 3. How often do you watch T.V. ?
Answer: Almost always
In simple words: I watch TV almost every day, so it's a very frequent activity for me.

Exam Tip: "Almost always" suggests a very high frequency, with only rare exceptions.

Question 4. How often do you visit a temple / a mosque/ a church?
Answer: Occasionally
In simple words: I visit a place of worship occasionally, which means it happens sometimes but not on a regular schedule.

Exam Tip: "Occasionally" implies an infrequent but not rare occurrence, usually for special events or moods.

Question 5. How often do you fail to do your homework ?
Answer: Rarely
In simple words: I hardly ever fail to do my homework, meaning it's a very uncommon event.

Exam Tip: "Rarely" suggests something happens very infrequently. It shows a commitment to completing tasks.

Question 6. How often do you go to bed before 9 p.m. ?
Answer: Seldom
In simple words: I seldom go to bed before 9 p.m., so it's something I rarely do.

Exam Tip: "Seldom" is similar to "rarely" and means "not often." It highlights an infrequent action.

Question 7. How often do you leave the book open while going to sleep?
Answer: Never
In simple words: I never leave a book open when I go to sleep, I always close it.

Exam Tip: "Never" indicates that an action absolutely does not happen. Use it for a strict habit.

Question 8. How often do you use English while talking to your friends ?
Answer: Frequently
In simple words: I use English quite often when talking with my friends, so it's a common practice.

Exam Tip: "Frequently" means something happens often or regularly, more than just "sometimes."

Question 9. How often do you dream of becoming famous ?
Answer: Often
In simple words: I often dream about becoming famous, meaning this thought comes to my mind many times.

Exam Tip: "Often" implies a regular, recurring thought or event. It indicates a strong desire.

Question 10. How often do you read stories about famous people ?
Answer: Sometimes
In simple words: I read stories about famous people sometimes, not all the time, but occasionally.

Exam Tip: "Sometimes" suggests an action occurs on occasion but without a set pattern or high frequency.

5. Fill in the blanks. Use always / never / sometimes / often seldom.
(1) Yuvraj amazes me. He is never sad. He always seems so happy.
(2) Sofia is fond of reading novels. Her vocabulary is good but sometimes she uses dictionary to look for meanings of the new words.
(3) Faizal is good at English. He seldom makes any grammatical errors.
(4) Kunjal is the best singer of our school. He always attends his music classes.
(5) Disha is a brilliant athlete. She never skips her practice sessions.

Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blanks with frequency adverbs, choose the word that best fits the context and implied regularity of the action in each sentence.

6. Read the sentences and notice the difference in the word order.
1. I am always hungry when I wake up early.
1. I always feel hungry when I wake up early.
2. Vikram is usually on time to school.
2. Vikram usually reaches the school on time.
3. Our teacher is often the first to arrive at school.
3. Our teacher often arrives early to school.
5. Pankti is rarely absent from the school.
5. Pankti rarely misses any class.
6. Vikram and Akram are seldom on time.
6. They seldom pass a test.
7. We are never in the school after 6 p.m.
7. We never stay back in the school after 6 p.m.

Exam Tip: Notice how adverbs of frequency can be placed before the main verb or after the auxiliary verb (e.g., "am," "is") or the verb "to be" to convey the same meaning with slight stylistic variations.

7. Look at the group of sentences. Underline the frequency expressions. Tick (√) the sentences, which have acceptable word order and put a cross (X) against the wrong ones.
Example : Often I feel like going for long walks by myself. ✓
I often feel like going for long walks by myself. ✓
I feel often like going for long walks by myself. X
(1) I sometimes forget my wife's birthday. ✓
Sometimes I forget my wife's birthday. ✓
I forget sometimes my wife's birthday. X
(2) I read seldom the newspaper. ✓
I seldom read the newspaper. ✓
I seldom read the newspaper X
(3) She is usually in at this time of the day. ✓
Usually she is in at this time of the day. ✓
She is in at this time of the day usually. ✓
(4) Never he gets here before 10.00 am. X
He never gets here before 10.00 am. ✓
He gets never here before 10.00 am. X

Exam Tip: Adverbs of frequency generally come before the main verb, but after forms of the verb "to be" (is, am, are) or auxiliary verbs (have, has, will). "Sometimes" and "often" can also begin a sentence.

8. (A) Here are some activities : swimming, play cricket, play badminton, play carrom, play games on phone, read newspaper, go to cinema hall, go for trekking, go for fishing, visit library, attend birthday parties, offer prayers, participate in competitions at school.

Exam Tip: When categorizing activities by frequency, reflect on your genuine habits to ensure an accurate classification.

8. (B) Exchange notes with your partner and speak five sentences about his / her activities. (Classroom Activity)

9. Answer the questions using the information in the table. Follow the example.

Exam Tip: Carefully cross-reference the information in the table to answer questions about each person's habits accurately.

Question 1. Who is regular in doing homework ?
Answer: Rahul
In simple words: Rahul is very consistent with his homework, doing it almost every time, making him regular.

Exam Tip: "Regular" typically refers to someone who performs an activity consistently or "almost always."

Question 2. Who doesn't forget to read a newspaper every day ?
Answer: Jasmin
In simple words: Jasmin always reads the newspaper, so she never forgets to do it each day.

Exam Tip: The word "always" shows a habit that happens every single day without fail, implying no forgetting.

Question 3. Who doesn't like to go for a walk at all ?
Answer: Shafika
In simple words: Shafika practically never goes for a walk, showing she doesn't enjoy it.

Exam Tip: "Almost never" or "seldom" indicates a very strong disinclination towards an activity.

Question 4. "I watch special TV programmes only.” Who says that ?
Answer: Virendra
In simple words: Virendra watches TV occasionally, which suggests he is picky and only watches specific shows.

Exam Tip: "Occasionally" when paired with TV watching, often means one selects certain programs rather than watching casually.

Question 5. Who dislikes homework ?
Answer: Shafika
In simple words: Shafika doesn't do homework at all, which shows she dislikes it.

Exam Tip: "Never" performing an activity can be a strong indicator of dislike or unwillingness.

Question 6. Who reads a newspaper on a few days of the week?
Answer: Rahul
In simple words: Rahul reads the newspaper sometimes, implying he does so on a few days weekly.

Exam Tip: "Sometimes" suggests an activity happens on some days but not consistently every day.

Question 7. "I dislike watching TV but I watch some programmes on weekends.” Who says this?
Answer: Shafika
In simple words: Shafika watches TV sometimes, which matches the idea of disliking it generally but still watching specific shows on weekends.

Exam Tip: A frequency like "sometimes" or "occasionally" can mean selective engagement, fitting a general dislike with specific exceptions.

10. (A) Here are ways of learning new vocabulary. How often do you use these ways to learn new words. Write the answer that is true for you. (Use always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never). (Individual Activity)

Question 1. I make a drawing to help me remember a new word.
Answer: Sometimes
In simple words: I occasionally draw pictures to help me remember new words, but I don't always do it.

Exam Tip: Visual aids can be very effective for memory. "Sometimes" is a common response for personal study habits.

Question 2. I learn new words when I use them in sentences.
Answer: Often
In simple words: I frequently learn new words by using them in sentences, as it helps me understand how they work.

Exam Tip: Contextualizing words in sentences is a highly effective learning strategy. "Often" reflects consistent effort in this method.

Question 3. I write down the meaning in a special notebook.
Answer: Usually
In simple words: I typically write down new word meanings in a dedicated notebook to help me study and review them.

Exam Tip: Maintaining a vocabulary notebook is a classic study technique. "Usually" shows it's a regular, reliable method.

Question 4. When I come across a new word, I repeat the word aloud.
Answer: Always
In simple words: I always say new words out loud when I see them because it helps me remember their sound and spelling.

Exam Tip: Auditory reinforcement is great for pronunciation and memory. "Always" indicates a consistent habit for every new word encountered.

Question 5. I try to use new words in conversation.
Answer: Frequently
In simple words: I often try to use new words in talks because it makes them stick better in my memory and helps me practice them.

Exam Tip: Actively using new vocabulary in conversation is a powerful way to master it. "Frequently" shows a strong commitment to this practice.

Question 6. I look up the meaning of the new words from a dictionary.
Answer: Almost always
In simple words: I nearly always check the dictionary for new word meanings to make sure I understand them correctly.

Exam Tip: Consulting a dictionary is crucial for accurate understanding. "Almost always" indicates this is a very common practice.

Question 7. I circle or underline new words when I find them.
Answer: Often
In simple words: I frequently mark new words by circling or underlining them to make them stand out for later review.

Exam Tip: Highlighting new words is a helpful visual reminder. "Often" indicates this is a regular part of the reading process.

Question 8. I write new words repetitively in a separate notebook.
Answer: Sometimes
In simple words: I occasionally write new words repeatedly in a notebook to help memorize them, especially challenging ones.

Exam Tip: Repetitive writing can aid memorization, especially for difficult words. "Sometimes" suggests it's a tool used when needed.

Question 9. I write the Gujarati meaning next to the new English word.
Answer: Usually
In simple words: I generally write the Gujarati meaning next to new English words to help me quickly understand and remember them.

Exam Tip: Translating to your native language can be an effective bridge to understanding. "Usually" shows this is a standard practice.

Question 10. When I come across a new word, I try to guess its meaning.
Answer: Often
In simple words: I frequently try to guess the meaning of a new word first, using the surrounding text to figure it out.

Exam Tip: Contextual guessing is a valuable skill for vocabulary building, but always verify your guesses afterward.

Question 3. Suppose you are a resident of village Magarwada. Describe your planning of cleaning your mohalla under the 'Clean India Movement'. You can get help from the questions given below. Clean Magarwada – Green Magarwada
Answer: As a 10th-grade student residing in Magarwada since my early years, I was always taught about the significance of cleanliness at home and school. However, many parts of our village, including my own neighborhood, remain quite dirty. I was deeply inspired by our Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi's Swachcha Bharat Abhiyan. Therefore, I decided to clean up my neighborhood and the entire village. I spoke with my friends in the area, and they all agreed to assist me in this work.
First, we approached the Gram Panchayat authorities for their assistance and backing. They agreed to offer us tools such as brooms, spades, rakes, and dustbins. Some members also volunteered to teach the villagers about the importance of cleanliness. We also asked the village elders to inspire and encourage everyone.
We began by cleaning our neighborhood, first gathering all the waste into large buckets. Then, we swept the entire area. We urged everyone to use a dustbin at home and also placed a large public dustbin in a corner of the neighborhood. It took us one day to clean our specific area.
The Sarpanch was pleased and asked everyone from the village to visit our clean neighborhood. Everyone was happy. We promised to help clean the entire village. The elders also spoke about how a tidy village promotes good health. We also requested that people keep the river clean and avoid throwing any waste into it.
Some of us also taught people about the importance of planting trees. Many promised to plant at least one tree near their homes. We are delighted that our village is now clean and beautiful. We did this not for any reward, but because it is vital to keep our surroundings clean and care for the environment. It is for our own bright and healthy future.
In simple words: I was inspired by the 'Clean India Movement' to clean my dirty village, Magarwada. My friends and I got help from the village council for tools and support. We started by picking up trash and sweeping our area, asking everyone to use dustbins. We also encouraged planting trees and keeping the river clean. Now, our village is much better, which makes us happy and helps ensure a healthier future for everyone.

Exam Tip: For descriptive questions like this, organize your answer logically, starting with the inspiration, detailing the actions taken, describing the support received, and concluding with the results and future outlook. Use vivid language to make the description engaging.

Question 4. You are a young leader of your locality. Write a report on what you did to celebrate the 'World Environment Day' held in your locality. You may use these clues.
Answer: June 5th is observed as World Environment Day. As a young leader in my locality, I chose to celebrate this day by informing people about the importance of the environment and why we must protect it. Currently, there is a lot of air, noise, and water pollution everywhere. Each of us can contribute by protecting the environment and our local surroundings.
I organized a meeting with all the young residents of our locality and requested their participation. We talked about how we are harming our environment and how we can reduce various types of pollution. After that, we invited all the local people to a meeting and shared our ideas and thoughts with them. Some of the young students gave inspiring speeches.
We also held a poster and slogan-writing competition for students. All the posters and slogans were displayed in the garden of our locality. We also conducted a small parade with placards about pollution and protecting the environment.
In the evening, we showed a short film about the harmful effects of pollution and what each person can do to protect our environment. We asked everyone present to take an oath to protect and preserve the environment.
We also decided to establish a club called the Environment Club, which would continuously work for cleanliness and environmental protection. Anyone could join this club. We urged people to dedicate at least two hours a week to keep our surroundings clean. We also decided to plant more trees. It was a very satisfying day.
In simple words: To celebrate World Environment Day, I led an effort to teach our community about protecting the environment. We held meetings, talked about reducing pollution, and organized a poster competition. We also marched with signs and showed a film about pollution. We created an Environment Club to keep working on cleanliness and planted new trees. It felt good to help our community care for the Earth.

Exam Tip: When writing a report, structure your points clearly: introduction (why you did it), main activities (what you did), and conclusion (impact and future plans). Use descriptive language and ensure your actions align with the clues provided.

Exam-Oriented Study Material

1. Read the extracts and answer the questions. ?

Question 1. Which organization did Arun found at the age of 17?
Answer: Arun founded an NGO called Environmentalist Foundation of India at the age of 17.
In simple words: When Arun was 17, he created an organization named Environmentalist Foundation of India (EFI).

Exam Tip: For factual questions, provide the specific name and detail (e.g., age) exactly as stated in the passage.

Question 2. Which was the first activity of EFI?
Answer: The first activity of EFI was Turtle Walk – a move to save turtle eggs and young hatchlings in Chennai
In simple words: EFI's first project was called "Turtle Walk," which aimed to protect turtle eggs and their baby hatchlings in Chennai.

Exam Tip: When asked for the "first" activity, identify the initial project or action clearly mentioned in the text.

Question 3. What have Arun and his team done?
Answer: Arun and his team have cleaned beaches and water bodies in Chennai, Hyderabad, Delhi, Coimbatore and Puducherry.
In simple words: Arun and his group have tidied up beaches and different water areas in several Indian cities.

Exam Tip: Summarize the key actions and mention the locations if they are specifically listed in the passage.

Question 4. What are the activities of Arun's team ?
Answer: Arun's team cleans lakes, beaches and zoos, plants trees, educates people through street plays and also makes environment-friendly paper bags.
In simple words: Arun's team works to clean lakes, beaches, and zoos. They also plant trees, teach people through street plays, and create eco-friendly paper bags.

Exam Tip: List all distinct activities mentioned in the text to provide a complete answer regarding the team's work.

ugly neighbourhood. This hurt me badly and I wanted to do something about it. I got together with a couple of my friends and cleaned the pond next to my house. This was the first activity.

Question 1. Why was Arun hurt?
Answer: Arun was hurt because a lake next to his house was so polluted that it spread mosquitoes and turned the place into an ugly neighbourhood.
In simple words: Arun felt bad because a lake near his home was very dirty, causing many mosquitoes and making the area look bad.

Exam Tip: For "why" questions, always identify the main problem and its immediate consequences as explained in the text.

Question 2. What did Arun do?
Answer: Arun got together with a couple of his friends and cleaned the pond next to his house.
In simple words: Arun and a few friends cleaned the pond beside his home.

Exam Tip: When asked "what did [person] do?", state the specific action clearly and concisely.

I have supportive parents who understood that my interest was the environment. They have never stopped me from doing what I want. On my part, I also made sure that I did not fail my parents in any way. I always informed them about everything that I did and took their advice before jumping into actions.

Question 1. What does Arun say about his parents?
Answer: Arun says that his parents are supportive and understood his interest in environment and so they never stopped him from doing what he wanted.
In simple words: Arun states that his parents were very helpful and understood his passion for nature, so they never prevented him from pursuing his goals.

Exam Tip: When quoting a character's statement, paraphrase it accurately and highlight key supporting actions.

Question 2. How did Arun make sure that he never failed his parents?
Answer: Arun always informed his parents about his activities and took their advice before jumping into action.
In simple words: Arun always told his parents about his plans and got their advice before he started any new project.

Exam Tip: Focus on the character's proactive steps to fulfill responsibilities or expectations.

I have teachers who taught me how to go about things. They also taught me humility - so that I did not become snobbish or arrogant and start thinking I was a superstar because I was doing all this environment work. They taught me to be simple and keep learning all the time. I am not an activist, I am an environmentalist. I have learnt so much by doing this work.

Question 1. What did Arun teachers teach him?
Answer: Arun's teachers taught him to be humble, simple and keep learning all the time.
In simple words: Arun's teachers helped him learn how to be modest, straightforward, and to always continue gaining knowledge.

Exam Tip: Identify the core values and skills imparted by mentors, as these often reveal character development.

Question 2. Arun's teachers taught him humility so that....
Answer: Arun's teachers taught him humility so that he did not become arrogant or snobbish and start thinking that he was a superstar because he worked for the environment.
In simple words: His teachers made sure he stayed modest, so he wouldn't get proud or conceited and imagine himself a celebrity just for his nature work.

Exam Tip: Explain the purpose or outcome of an action, focusing on the character's personal growth.

Question 3. What does Arun call himself?
Answer: Arun calls himself an environmentalist.
In simple words: Arun prefers to be known as someone who works for the environment.

Exam Tip: Direct questions about self-identification require a precise answer from the text.

Question 4. Why does Arun believe that he is an environmentalist and not an activist?
Answer: Arun believes that he is an environmentalist and not an activist because he keeps on learning so much from the environment and his work to protect the environment.
In simple words: Arun sees himself as an environmentalist, not an activist, because he constantly learns from nature and focuses on practical efforts to safeguard it.

Exam Tip: Differentiate between similar terms by highlighting the core reasons or approaches of the individual.

(5) Both my school and college had plenty of green cover and both were home to several other life forms. This made me understand their importance, how beautiful they are and why we need to protect them. These animals sire on their own, find their own food and are always active, on the move and never lazy. It is so positive; we have a lot to learn from them.

Question 1. What did Arun realize from the green cover in his school and college?
Answer: The green cover in his school and college made Arun understand the importance of other life forms, how beautiful they are and why we need to protect them.
In simple words: The plants and trees in his school and college helped Arun see how important other living things are, how lovely they look, and why we should keep them safe.

Exam Tip: Link the observation (green cover) to the character's insight or learning outcome.

Question 2. Both his school and college were home to....
Answer: Both his school and college were home to several other life forms.
In simple words: His school and college campuses provided a habitat for many different kinds of living creatures.

Exam Tip: Complete the sentence directly from the provided text, ensuring accuracy.

Answer:
Both his school and college were home to several other life forms.

Question 3. Why does Arun say that we have a lot to learn from animals?
Answer: Arun says that we have a lot to learn from animals because they are on their own, find their own food and are always active, on the move and never lazy.
In simple words: Arun explains that animals teach us a lot because they are independent, find their own sustenance, and stay active without being idle.

Exam Tip: Highlight the specific traits or behaviors of animals that Arun identifies as valuable lessons.

(6) It is always good to decide in favour of what you really love to do. I quit my job at Google, but I still keep in touch with my friends there. So only my duties at Google have come to an end, not my emotional bond. I understood that I had to leave the job at that minute in 2010, or else I would never be daring enough to do so.

I could not sit back and enjoy life when environmental damage was happening on such a large scale. I wanted to do something and that something needed my full attention. So I left Google for EFI.

Question 1. It is always good to decide....
Answer: It is always good to decide in favour of what you really love to do.
In simple words: It is always best to choose what you truly enjoy doing.

Exam Tip: Complete the sentence accurately by referring to the passage's exact wording.

Question 2. Why does Arun say that only his duties at Google have come to an end?
Answer: Arun quit his job at Google, but he is still in touch with his friends there and so he says that only his duties at Google have come to an end, not his emotional bond.
In simple words: Arun left his job at Google but still talks to his friends, meaning only his work tasks ended, not his feelings for them.

Exam Tip: Distinguish between professional responsibilities and personal connections when explaining a character's decision.

Question 3. Why did Arun quit his job?
Answer: Arun did not want to sit back and enjoy life when environmental damage was happening on a large scale, so he quit his job to work to save the environment.
In simple words: Arun stopped his job because he couldn't just relax while nature was getting greatly harmed, and he wanted to actively help protect it.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the reason for the character's decision and connect it to a larger cause.

(7) Everything from a diaper to worn out slippers - we find everything in our lakes. It is so disturbing because it is water and water is the basis of life. How can we not care for these water bodies? We use this garbage for landfill with no or minimal exposure to the

outside environment. We ensure that the lake area and water-holding are free of garbage so that birds, frogs and snakes can live in peace.

Question 1. What is thrown in lakes?
Answer: Everything from a diaper to worn out slippers are thrown in lakes.
In simple words: Many different things, including diapers and old shoes, are found discarded in lakes.

Exam Tip: List the specific examples provided in the text to answer direct questions accurately.

Question 2. Why should we care for water bodies?
Answer: We should care for water bodies because water is the basis of life.
In simple words: It is important to look after water bodies because water is essential for all living things.

Exam Tip: State the fundamental reason given in the passage for caring about natural resources.

Question 3. The garbage is used for....
Answer: The garbage is used for landfill with no or minimal exposure to outside environment.
In simple words: The waste is used to fill land, making sure it has very little contact with the outside world.

Exam Tip: Explain the purpose or method described for handling waste materials.

Question 4. What do Arun and his team ensure? Why?
Answer: Arun and his team ensure that the lake area and water-holding are free of garbage so that birds, frogs and snakes can live in peace.
In simple words: Arun and his group make sure that lakes and water storage areas are free of rubbish, allowing animals like birds, frogs, and snakes to live there calmly.

Exam Tip: Address both parts of the "what" and "why" question, connecting the action to its intended outcome.

(8) Depending on the size of the lake, and the amount of garbage, it can take anywhere between 5 days and 3 months to completely clean a lake. We have our tools like rakes and spades.

Question 1. Which tools do they use?
Answer: They use tools like rakes and spades.
In simple words: They employ equipment such as rakes and spades.

Exam Tip: Provide a direct and concise answer by listing the specific tools mentioned.

Question 2. How long does it take to clean a lake?
Answer: Depending on the size of the lake, and the amount of garbage, it can take anywhere between 5 days and 3 months to clean a lake.
In simple words: Cleaning a lake can take from five days to three months, depending on how big it is and how much trash it contains.

Exam Tip: Include all variables mentioned in the text that affect the time duration.

Depending on the size of the lake, and the amount of garbage, it takes anywhere between 5 days and 3 months to clean a lake.

(9) We wear nose masks, sanitary gloves and carry rakes and spades with which we collect the garbage and dump it into collection buckets which are taken to the garbage truck. We also use heavy machinery like earth movers and Poclain to desilt the lake and clear the weeds and shrubs that are harmful.

Question 1. What does Arun and his team use while cleaning a lake?
Answer: Arun and his team wear nose masks, sanitary gloves and carry rakes and spades while cleaning a lake.
In simple words: Arun's group uses face masks, protective gloves, and tools like rakes and spades when they clean a lake.

Exam Tip: List all safety gear and cleaning tools mentioned for a complete answer.

Question 2. For what are earth movers and Poclain used?
Answer: Earth movers and Poclain are used to desilt the lake and clear the weeds and harmful shrubs.
In simple words: Large machines like earth movers and Poclain help remove mud from the lake bottom and get rid of unwanted plants and dangerous bushes.

Exam Tip: Explain the specific function of heavy machinery in the cleaning process.

(10) Firstly, we should all stop throwing trash outside our homes. Next, we should reduce the amount of trash we generate. Stows, tissues, wrappers, batteries, fast food junk, all these end up in lakes and they come from our homes. If we can reduce the amount of garbage at home and if we can dispose all garbage safely, that itself is a great deal. Every student is welcome to volunteer with us in helping the environment.

Question 1. What advice does Arun give us?
Answer: Arun advises us to stop throwing trash outside our homes and reduce the amount of trash that we generate.
In simple words: Arun suggests that we should not discard waste outside our houses and try to produce less garbage overall.

Exam Tip: Identify the key recommendations related to waste management from Arun's perspective.

Question 2. What is found in lakes?
Answer: Stows, tissues, wrappers, batteries and fast food junk are found in lakes.
In simple words: Lakes often contain items such as stows, tissues, wrappers, batteries, and leftover fast food.

Exam Tip: List the various types of waste mentioned as being present in lakes.

Question 3. If we can reduce the amount of garbage at home
Answer: If we can reduce the amount of garbage at home, we can dispose all garbage safely.
In simple words: If we create less waste at home, we can get rid of all our trash in a safe way.

Exam Tip: Connect the action (reducing garbage) to its positive consequence (safe disposal).

(11) How much time do school-going children need to devote, in say a week, lor an environmental cause Four hours a weekend - that is two hours on Sundays and two hours on Saturdays. This small beginning is more than enough to ensure larger participation later.

Question 1. How much time should students devote for environment?
Answer: Students should devote four hours a weekend - two hours on Saturdays and two hours on Sundays - for environment.
In simple words: Young learners should spend four hours each weekend, two hours on Saturday and two hours on Sunday, helping the environment.

Exam Tip: Specify the exact time commitment and its distribution as mentioned in the text.

Question 2. A small beginning....
Answer: A small beginning will ensure larger participation later.
In simple words: Even a tiny start will lead to more people getting involved in the future.

Exam Tip: Complete the sentence directly from the passage, highlighting the future impact of initial efforts.

(12) We offer fellowships to interested students. Our programme looks at young animal lovers, young wildlife photographers, film-makers, theatre artists and scientific researchers. We give them training in these areas and get them actively involved in all our work. Our youngest volunteer is in Class 3.

Question 1. Whom does the EFI train?
Answer: The EFI trains young animal lovers, young wildlife photographers, film-makers, theatre artists and scientific researchers.
In simple words: The EFI provides instruction to young people who love animals, aspiring wildlife photographers, movie creators, stage performers, and science investigators.

Exam Tip: List all the specific groups of individuals targeted by the training program.

Question 2. How old is the youngest volunteer?
Answer: The youngest volunteer is in Class 3.
In simple words: The newest and youngest helper is currently in the third grade.

Exam Tip: Provide the specific detail mentioned regarding the age or grade of the youngest volunteer.

Question 3. EFI offers to interested students.
Answer: EFI offers fellowship to interested students.
In simple words: The EFI provides special learning chances to students who show interest.

Exam Tip: State the specific opportunity or benefit that EFI provides to students.

2. Frame sentences using the given set of words. You may change the forms of the words.

(1) to take up - cause
Answer: Our General Secretary has promised to take up the cause of the poor students.
In simple words: Our main secretary has agreed to champion the issue of students who are not well-off.

Exam Tip: Use both given words in a meaningful sentence, ensuring the sentence is grammatically correct and the meaning is clear.

(2) to venture into - quit
Answer: Mahesh quit his job and ventured into cloth business.
In simple words: Mahesh left his work and started a new business selling clothes.

Exam Tip: Show a logical progression of actions using the provided words.

(3) volunteer - large scale
Answer: The company is looking for volunteers on a large scale to advertise their new product.
In simple words: The business wants many volunteers to help promote its newest item widely.

Exam Tip: Construct a sentence that clearly connects the two terms in a real-world context.

(4) decide - in favour of
Answer: The teacher gave his decision in favour of our team.
In simple words: The instructor made a choice that supported our group.

Exam Tip: Create a scenario where a decision is made to benefit one party over others.

(5) to deal with - garbage
Answer: The municipality cannot deal with the large amount of garbage in the city.
In simple words: The city government is unable to manage the huge volume of waste throughout the town.

Exam Tip: Use the words to describe a common civic challenge, ensuring a clear and concise expression.

(6) to keep in touch with - friends
Answer: Though Mihir is in the US, he still keeps in touch with his school friends.
In simple words: Even though Mihir lives in the United States, he continues to communicate with his old schoolmates.

Exam Tip: Demonstrate an ongoing relationship despite distance, using the given phrase.

(7) conflict - arrogant?
Answer: An honest person will always have conflict with his arrogant boss in the office.
In simple words: A truthful person will often clash with their proud and overbearing boss at work.

Exam Tip: Create a sentence that illustrates the natural tension between the two characteristics.

3. Fill in the blanks selecting the correct words from the brackets.

(1) (ensure, importance, damage, environment)
Answer: People have now realized the importance of trees to protect the environment. We must ensure that we do not damage our environment.
In simple words: People now understand how important trees are for safeguarding nature. We need to make certain we do not harm our surroundings.

Exam Tip: Choose words that fit the context logically and grammatically to complete the statement about environmental awareness.

(2) (polluted, educate, garbage, spreads)
Answer: Polluted water spreads malaria. Therefore it is important to educate people about keeping our water bodies clean. We should not throw any garbage in lakes and rivers.
In simple words: Dirty water causes malaria to spread. So, teaching people about keeping our waterways clean is vital. We must not dump any trash in lakes and rivers.

Exam Tip: Select words that describe the cause-and-effect relationship between pollution and disease, and the actions needed to prevent it.

(3) (quit, opinion, option decision)
Answer: Nitin had no option but to quit his job. He took this decision after taking the opinion of his friends.
In simple words: Nitin had no other choice but to leave his employment. He made this choice after asking his friends for their thoughts.

Exam Tip: Ensure that the chosen words create a coherent narrative explaining a character's actions and motivations.

(4) (duty, devote, inspire, arrogant)
Answer: The success of young sportsmen and sportswomen from small villages will inspire many young people. In spite of their success, they are not arrogant. They devote a lot of their time to training and practice. It is our duty to honour them and encourage them.
In simple words: The achievements of young athletes from rural areas will motivate numerous young people. Despite their victories, they stay modest. They dedicate much of their time to working out and improving. It is our responsibility to respect and support them.

Exam Tip: Choose words that highlight both the positive influence of role models and the community's responsibility towards them.

(5) (dispose, attention, dump, garbage)
Answer: Mr Das drew the attention of his neighbour to the garbage that had collected outside the gate. He asked him to dispose of the garbage. But the neighbor continued to dump more garbage.
In simple words: Mr. Das pointed out to his neighbor the rubbish that had gathered outside the entrance. He requested his neighbor to get rid of it. However, the neighbor kept throwing out more trash.

Exam Tip: Use the words to create a clear sequence of events showing a problem, a request, and the outcome.

(6) (active, founded, supportive, humility)
Answer: This institution was founded by Mr Gandhi, a man who was known for his humility. People working found him to be very supportive and active in all projects.
In simple words: This organization was established by Mr. Gandhi, a person known for his modesty. Those who worked with him discovered him to be very helpful and engaged in every task.

Exam Tip: Describe the establishment and characteristics of an organization's founder and their work culture.

(7) (positive, removal, hesitate, disturbing)
Answer: Corruption in education is very disturbing. The removal of a corrupt officer in the department is a positive change. We should not hesitate to report any act of corruption.
In simple words: Dishonesty in schools is quite upsetting. Firing a dishonest official in that division is a beneficial development. We ought not to delay in reporting any dishonest acts.

Exam Tip: Use the words to discuss a societal problem and the actions needed to address it, emphasizing the impact of change.

(8) (offered, volunteers, volunteers, participation, experience)
Answer: The volunteers have offered to work throughout the night. In my experience, their active participation will help us achieve our goal.
In simple words: The people who are helping have come forward to work all night. Based on what I've seen, their strong involvement will allow us to reach our objective.

Exam Tip: Construct sentences that describe the commitment of volunteers and the benefits of their involvement.

(9) (activities, inform, generated, advised)
Answer: The teacher advised us to inform the principal about various activities that we have planned for the summer camp. This camp has generated a lot of interest in parents and students.
In simple words: The instructor told us to tell the headmaster about the different things we've arranged for the summer camp. This camp has created much excitement among guardians and learners.

Exam Tip: Use the words to explain the communication and impact of planning an event.

4. Write short notes using the given questions /points.

Question 1. Arun Krishnamurthy
(Who is Arun Krishnamurthy? - What is the name of his NGO? - How old was he when he founded the NGO? - What are the activities of Arun and his team? Which was his first activity? What are Arun's views on animals and birds? - Why should we keep the water bodies clean? - Why did he quit his job? - How does he encourage students?)
Answer: Arun Krishnamurthy is a young environmentalist. At the age of 17, he founded an NGO called Environmentalist Foundation of India (EFI). Arun and his team of volunteers clean beaches and other water bodies, plant trees and also make environment-friendly paper bags. Arun first cleaned a lake next to his house, which was heavily polluted, leading to the spread of mosquitoes and making the place ugly. He got a lot of support from his parents and teachers. Arun feels that it is important to protect birds and animals. He feels that water bodies should be kept clean so that birds and animals can live peacefully. Arun left a good job at Google to devote his full attention to environment. EFI offers fellowships to students who are interested in saving the environment.
In simple words: Arun Krishnamurthy is a young person who cares about nature. At 17, he started an organization called EFI. His team cleans beaches, water bodies, plants trees, and makes eco-friendly paper bags. He began by cleaning a polluted lake near his home. His parents and teachers supported him a lot. Arun believes it's vital to safeguard birds, animals, and keep water clean for their peaceful lives. He quit his Google job to focus on environmental work, and EFI provides opportunities for students to get involved in nature protection.

Exam Tip: Structure short notes by addressing each point of the question in a clear, flowing paragraph. Combine related ideas for conciseness.

Question 2. Arun's NGO : EFI
(founded at the age of 17 - activities - remove trash - garbage - restore water bodies - encourage students - offers fellowship)
Answer: At a young age of 17, Arun founded an NGO called Environmentalist Foundation of India (EFI), which works for the cause of environment. Arun and his team of volunteers clean beaches and other water bodies, plant trees and also make environment-friendly paper bags. The NGO cleans water bodies and use the garbage for landfill with no or minimal exposure to environment. The NGO encourages students to participate in this work. It also offers fellowship to interested students. It encourages the youth and trains them to make them actively involved in its activities.
In simple words: Arun started EFI at 17, an NGO that works for the environment. His team cleans beaches, water bodies, plants trees, and makes eco-friendly paper bags. They clean water bodies and use trash for landfill with little harm to nature. EFI invites and trains students and youth to get involved in its efforts.

Exam Tip: When writing about an organization, include its founding, primary activities, and methods of engagement, using the provided points as a guide.

Question 3. Role of Arun's parents and teachers in his activities
(How did his parents support him? What did he do so that he does not fail his parents? What did his teachers teach him?)
Answer: Arun's parents were very supportive. They understood that his interest was environment. So they never stopped him from doing what he wanted. At the same time, Arun also made sure that he did not fail his parents in any way. He always informed them about everything that he did. He always took their advice before jumping into actions. Arun's teachers taught me how to go about things. They taught him humility - so that he did not become snobbish or arrogant and start thinking that he was a superstar because he was working for the environment. They also taught him to be simple and keep learning all the time.
In simple words: Arun's parents were very helpful and understood his passion for nature, so they let him pursue his goals. Arun always made sure to inform them about his activities and take their advice, ensuring he didn't disappoint them. His teachers showed him how to approach tasks and instilled modesty, preventing him from becoming proud or conceited. They also taught him to remain humble and continuously learn.

Exam Tip: Detail the specific ways in which parents and teachers provided support, guidance, and instilled values in the character.

Question 4. How Arun's school and college further his interest in environment
(plenty of green cover- home to life forms - understand their importance - beautiful - protect them - animals are on their own - find their own food - always on the move - never lazy - positive - learn from them)
Answer: Arun's school and college had plenty of green cover. Both these places were home to several other life forms. This made Arun understand their importance. He realized how beautiful they are and why we need to protect them. Arun realized that these animals are on their own, find their own food and are always active, on the move and never lazy. He found all this very positive. According to Arun, we have a lot to learn from these animals.
In simple words: Arun's school and college had lots of green areas and housed many different animals. This taught him how important and lovely these creatures are, and why we should protect them. He learned that animals are independent, find their own food, and are always active and not idle. Arun found this very good and believes we can gain much knowledge from them.

Exam Tip: Explain how the environment of his educational institutions shaped Arun's understanding and fostered his environmental passion.

5. Select the title of the Read related with each sentence.

(Note 'Important sentences of this Read are given here.)

(1) The team cleans lakes, beaches and zoos, plants trees, educates people through street plays and also makes environment-friendly paper bags.

(2) A beautiful lake next to my house, which once had a lot of birds, frogs and snakes, was heavily polluted.

(3) I got together with a couple of my friends and cleaned the pond next to my house.

(4) I have supportive parents who understood that my interest was the environment.

(5) I also made sure that I did not fail my parents in any way.

(6) I have teachers who taught me how to go about things.

(7) They taught me to be simple and keep learning all the time.

(8) I am not an activist, I am an environmentalist.

(9) They also taught me humility so that I did not become snobbish or arrogant.

(10) It is always good to decide in favour of what you really love to do.

(11) Only my duties at Google have come to an end, not my emotional bond.

(12) I could not sit back and enjoy life when environmental damage was happening on such a large scale.

(13) Water is the basis of life.

(14) Every student is welcome to volunteer with us in helping the environment.

(15) We offer fellowships to interested students.

(16) Our youngest volunteer is in Class 3.

6. Fill in the blanks selecting the correct words from the brackets.

Raj is always on time. He is never late. - But sometimes, he comes late because of traffic. He likes people who are disciplined and punctual. He never forgets to praise people who do good work. He is an; inspiration for others in the office.

7. Write the correct question to get the underlined word / words as answers.

Question 1. Sometimes I go to bed at 9 o'clock.
(A) Who goes to bed at 9 o'clock?
(B) Do you go to bed at 9 o'clock?
(C) How often do you go to bed at 9 o'clock?
(D) When do you go to bed?
Answer: (C) How often do you go to bed at 9 o'clock?
In simple words: The question asks about how frequently someone goes to bed at 9 o'clock, making 'How often' the correct way to get 'Sometimes' as an answer.

Exam Tip: Identify the part of the sentence that indicates frequency to choose the appropriate interrogative word (e.g., How often).

Question 2. The children frequently visit the garden.
(A) How often do the children visit the garden?
(B) Who visits the garden frequently?
(C) When do the children visit the garden?
(D) How much do the children visit the garden?
Answer: (A) How often do the children visit the garden?
In simple words: Since "frequently" describes how often an action happens, the question starting with "How often" is the best fit to get that answer.

Exam Tip: Match the question word (e.g., How often, Who, When, How much) to the type of information the underlined phrase provides.

Question 3. I rarely meet my friends.
(A) When do you meet your friends?
(B) How often do you meet your friends?
(C) How much do you meet your friends?
(D) How do you meet your friends?
Answer: (B) How often do you meet your friends?
In simple words: "Rarely" tells us about the frequency of meeting friends, so the question "How often" is the correct choice to ask about this.

Exam Tip: Focus on the adverb of frequency in the statement to formulate the most appropriate question.

Answer:
How often do you meet your friends?

Question 4. Sheetal has three books.
(A) How many books has Sheetal?
(B) How much books has Sheetal?
(C) Does Sheetal have three books?
(D) How often does Sheetal have books?
Answer: (A) How many books has Sheetal?
In simple words: To find out the quantity of books Sheetal owns, the question "How many" is the most suitable.

Exam Tip: Use "How many" for countable nouns like "books" to inquire about quantity.

8. Complete the sentences using the functions given in the brackets.

(1) The Sports Day is always celebrated in our school, (describing action)
Answer: The Sports Day is always celebrated in our school.
In simple words: The annual sports event happens regularly at our educational institution.

Exam Tip: Ensure the adverb of frequency correctly describes the recurring action in the sentence.

(2) The principal never scolds the students. (describing action)
Answer: The principal never scolds the students.
In simple words: The school head never lectures the learners.

Exam Tip: Use an appropriate adverb of frequency to show how often an action does or doesn't occur.

(3) Hi, Megha! What a pleasure to see you. (exchanging pleasantries)
Answer: Hi, Megha! What a pleasure to see you.
In simple words: This is a friendly greeting that expresses joy upon meeting someone.

Exam Tip: Identify phrases that convey polite and welcoming social exchanges.

(4) Darshan never comes late. (describing action)
Answer: Darshan never comes late.
In simple words: Darshan is always on time and does not arrive behind schedule.

Exam Tip: Use the correct adverb of frequency to accurately describe the regularity of an action.

(5) Mitesh often goes to his village. (describing action)
Answer: Mitesh often goes to his village.
In simple words: Mitesh regularly travels to his hometown.

Exam Tip: Choose an adverb that indicates a frequent but not constant occurrence of the action.

(6) Sanjana comes home early. (specifying time)
Answer: Sanjana comes home early.
In simple words: Sanjana usually gets back to her residence ahead of schedule.

Exam Tip: Use a word or phrase that clearly defines when an action takes place, specifically in terms of time.

(7) We go to the temple in the main market, (specifying location)
Answer: We go to the temple in the main market.
In simple words: We visit the temple located within the primary shopping area.

Exam Tip: Use prepositions and nouns to pinpoint the exact place where an action occurs.

(8) Anjali likes to watch Hindi movies. (describing action)
Answer: Anjali likes to watch Hindi movies.
In simple words: Anjali enjoys viewing films in the Hindi language.

Exam Tip: Clearly state the preference or activity being described by the sentence.

9. Complete the dialogue using the functions given in the brackets.

Sachin : Hi, Mansi! How are you ?
Mansi : I am fine. Thank you. (exchanging pleasantries)
Sachin : What are you doing here?
Mansi : Oh, I often come here for a walk. (describing action)

An Interview with Arun Krishnamurthy Summary in Gujarati

[અરુણ કૃષ્ણમૂર્તિએ ફક્ત 17 વર્ષની ઉંમરે Environmentalist Foundation of India – ફાઉન્ડેશન ઑવ ઇન્ડિયા)ની સ્થાપના કરી. ચેન્નઈમાં Turtle Walk (ટર્ટલ વૉક) – કાચબાનાં ઈંડાં અને તેનાં નાનાં બચ્ચાંને બચાવવાના આંદોલનથી શરૂ કરી, આજે અરુણ અને તેના સ્વયંસેવકોના જૂથે ચેન્નઈ, હૈદરાબાદ, દિલ્લી, કોઈમ્બતુર અને પુડુચેરીના દરિયાકિનારાઓ અને બીજાં જળાશયો સાફ કર્યા છે. આ જૂથ તળાવ, દરિયાકિનારાઓ અને પ્રાણીસંગ્રહાલયો સાફ કરે છે, વૃક્ષારોપણ કરે છે, શેરી નાટકો દ્વારા લોકોમાં જાગૃતિ લાવે છે અને પર્યાવરણને અનુકૂળ હોય તેવી કાગળની થેલીઓ પણ બનાવે છે. અરુણના જૂથમાં એવા વિદ્યાર્થીઓ છે, જે સાતમાં ધોરણમાં હતા ત્યારથી તેમની સાથે જોડાયા અને પાંચ વર્ષ પછી પણ તેમની સાથે કામ કરવાનું ચાલુ રાખ્યું.]

મને હંમેશાં સમર્થન આપનાર મારાં માતા-પિતા જાણતાં હતાં કે મને પર્યાવરણમાં રસ છે. મારી ઇચ્છા મુજબ કંઈ પણ કરવા માટે તેમણે મને કદી રોક્યો નથી. અને મેં પણ, મારાં માતા-પિતા કોઈ પણ રીતે નિરાશ ન થાય તેની કાળજી લીધી. હું જે કંઈ કરતો તે વિશે તેમને બધી માહિતી આપતો અને કોઈ પણ કાર્ય કરતા પહેલાં તેમની સલાહ લેતો. મારા શિક્ષકોએ કામ કઈ રીતે પાર પાડવું તે શીખવ્યું. તેમણે મને વિનમ્રતા પણ શીખવી – જેથી હું અહંકારી અથવા દંભી ન થઈ જાઉં અને હું આ પર્યાવરણનું કામ કરી એક મહાનાયક થઈ ગયો છું તેવું વિચારવા ન લાગું. તેમણે મને વિનમ્ર રહી નિરંતર શીખતા રહેવાનું શીખવ્યું. હું આંદોલન કરનાર વ્યક્તિ નથી. હું એક પર્યાવરણવાદી છું. આ કામ કરીને હું ઘણું બધું શીખ્યો છું.

Question. તમારી શાળા અને કૉલેજે તમારા રસને કઈ રીતે આગળ વધાર્યો?
Answer: મારી શાળામાં અને કૉલેજમાં – બંનેમાં ખૂબ જ લીલોતરી હતી, અને બંને (સ્થળો) બીજા અસંખ્ય જીવોનું ઘર હતું. આથી મને સમજાયું કે તેમનું મહત્ત્વ શું છે, તેઓ કેટલા સુંદર છે અને આપણે શા માટે તેમનું રક્ષણ કરવાની જરૂર છે. આ પ્રાણીઓ સ્વતંત્ર છે, તેમનો ખોરાક જાતે શોધી લે છે અને હંમેશાં કાર્યશીલ – હરતાફરતા હોય છે અને કોઈ દિવસ આળસ કરતા. આ બધું કેટલું હકારાત્મક છે; આપણે તેમની પાસેથી ઘણું શીખવા જેવું છે.
In simple words: મારી શાળા અને કૉલેજ, બંનેમાં ઘણી લીલોતરી હતી અને અસંખ્ય જીવોનું નિવાસસ્થાન હતું. આનાથી મને તેમનું મહત્ત્વ, સુંદરતા અને તેમને સુરક્ષિત રાખવાની જરૂરિયાત સમજાઈ. આ પ્રાણીઓ સ્વતંત્ર છે, પોતાનો ખોરાક જાતે શોધે છે અને હંમેશાં સક્રિય રહે છે, ક્યારેય આળસ કરતા નથી. આ બધું ખૂબ સકારાત્મક છે અને આપણે તેમની પાસેથી ઘણું શીખી શકીએ છીએ.

Exam Tip: પ્રશ્નમાં શાળા અને કૉલેજ દ્વારા રસને કેવી રીતે પ્રોત્સાહન મળ્યું તે જણાવવા, લીલોતરી, જીવસૃષ્ટિ અને તેના પરના અવલોકનો પર ધ્યાન કેન્દ્રિત કરો.

Question. એક સારા પગારવાળી નોકરી છોડીને આ કામમાં ઝંપલાવતા પહેલાં તમને કોઈ અવઢવનો અનુભવ થયો ખરો? આ નિર્ણય લેતાં પહેલાં તમે કયા કયા વિકલ્પો વિશે વિચાર્યું હતું?
Answer: તમને જે (કામ) કરવાનું ખરેખર ખૂબ ગમતું હોય તેના પક્ષમાં નિર્ણય લેવો હંમેશાં હિતાવહ હોય છે. મેં ગૂગલની નોકરી છોડી, પણ હું આજે પણ ત્યાંના મારા મિત્રો સાથે સંપર્કમાં છું. એટલે ગૂગલમાં મારી ફરજ પૂરી થઈ છે, મારા ભાવનાત્મક સંબંધો નહીં.
In simple words: ખરેખર ગમતું હોય તે કામ પસંદ કરવું હંમેશાં સારું છે. મેં ગૂગલની નોકરી છોડી, પણ મિત્રો સાથે સંપર્કમાં છું. એટલે ફક્ત મારી ફરજો પૂરી થઈ છે, સંબંધો નહીં.

Exam Tip: જ્યારે કોઈ મોટા નિર્ણય વિશે પૂછવામાં આવે, ત્યારે તે નિર્ણય લેવા પાછળના કારણો, મનમાં થયેલી અવઢવ, અને નિર્ણયની અસરને વિગતવાર સમજાવો.

″ 2010ની તે ક્ષણે જ મને સમજાયું કે મારે નોકરી છોડવી જ છે, નહીં તો હું તેમ કરવાની હિંમત કદી ન કરી શકત. પર્યાવરણને આટલા મોટા પ્રમાણમાં નુકસાન થતું હોય ત્યારે હું આરામથી બેસીને જીવન માણી ન શકું. મારે કંઈક કરવું હતું અને તે “કંઈકને મારા પૂર્ણ ધ્યાનની જરૂર હતી. તેથી EFI માટે મેં ગૂગલ છોડ્યું.

Question. જળાશયોમાં લોકો કયા પ્રકારનો કચરો નાખે છે? તમે જળાશયો સાફ કરો ત્યારે આ કચરો કાઢવા માટે શું કરો છો?
Answer: બાળોતિયાથી માંડીને જૂના ચંપલ સુધી – બધું જ આપણાં તળાવોમાં મળે છે. આ ખૂબ જ ચિંતાજનક છે કારણ કે આ પાણી છે, અને પાણી તો જીવન છે. આપણે આ જળાશયોની કાળજી કેમ ન લઈએ? અમે આ કચરો જમીનમાં એવી રીતે દાટી દઈએ કે જેથી બહારના પર્યાવરણને નહિવત્ અથવા ઓછામાં ઓછું નુકસાન થાય. અમે તળાવ અને જળાશયોનો વિસ્તાર સ્વચ્છ રાખીએ છીએ જેથી પક્ષીઓ, દેડકાં અને સાપ શાંતિથી રહી શકે.
In simple words: બાળોતિયાથી લઈને જૂના ચંપલ સુધી – બધું જ આપણા તળાવોમાં જોવા મળે છે. આ ખૂબ જ ચિંતાજનક છે કારણ કે પાણી એ જીવનનો આધાર છે. આપણે આ જળાશયોની કાળજી શા માટે ન લઈએ? અમે આ કચરો એવી રીતે જમીનમાં દાટી દઈએ છીએ જેથી બહારના પર્યાવરણને ઓછું નુકસાન થાય. અમે તળાવ અને જળાશયોને સ્વચ્છ રાખીએ છીએ જેથી પક્ષીઓ, દેડકાં અને સાપ શાંતિથી રહી શકે.

Exam Tip: જળાશયોમાં કયા પ્રકારનો કચરો મળે છે અને તેને કેવી રીતે દૂર કરવામાં આવે છે, તે સ્પષ્ટપણે સમજાવો. કચરાનો નિકાલ કરતી વખતે પર્યાવરણીય અસરને ધ્યાનમાં રાખો.

Question. તળાવનું કદ અને કચરાના જથ્થાના આધારે, તળાવને સંપૂર્ણ રીતે સ્વચ્છ કરવા માટે 5 દિવસથી ૩ મહિના સુધીનો સમય લાગે. અમારી પાસે દાંતી અને પાવડા જેવાં ઓજારો હોય છે. સુરક્ષા માટે તમે કયા પ્રકારના સાજસરંજામનો ઉપયોગ કરો છો? શું તમે સફાઈ પ્રક્રિયાનું ટૂંકમાં વર્ણન કરી શકો?
Answer: અમે નાક માટે માસ્ક અને હાથ માટે મોજાંનો ઉપયોગ કરીએ છીએ. અમે દાંતી અને પાવડા વડે કચરો ભેગો કરી મોટી ડોલમાં નાખીએ છીએ, જે પછી કચરાની ટ્રકમાં ઠલવાય છે. તળાવમાંથી કાદવ અને હાનિકારક ઘાસ અને ઝાડવાં કાઢવા માટે અમે અર્થ મુવર્ક અને પૉકલૅન જેવાં મોટાં યંત્રોનો ઉપયોગ પણ કરીએ છીએ.
In simple words: સુરક્ષા માટે અમે નાકના માસ્ક અને હાથના મોજાં વાપરીએ છીએ. સફાઈ પ્રક્રિયામાં, અમે દાંતી અને પાવડાથી કચરો ભેગો કરીને મોટી ડોલમાં નાખીએ છીએ, જેને પછી કચરાની ટ્રકમાં ખાલી કરાય છે. તળાવમાંથી કાદવ અને નુકસાનકારક વનસ્પતિઓ દૂર કરવા માટે મોટા મશીનો જેવા કે અર્થ મુવર્સ અને પોક્લેનનો પણ ઉપયોગ કરીએ છીએ.

Exam Tip: સલામતી માટે ઉપયોગમાં લેવાતા સાધનો અને સફાઈ પ્રક્રિયાના મુખ્ય પગલાંનું સંક્ષિપ્તમાં વર્ણન કરો.

Question. તમારા મત મુજબ, બાળકો અને યુવાનો પર્યાવરણ માટે શું કરી શકે? પર્યાવરણના રક્ષણ માટે એક નાની શરૂઆત કરવા માટે અમારે શું કરવું જોઈએ?
Answer: પહેલાં તો આપણે સૌએ આપણાં ઘરની બહાર કચરો ફેંકવાનું બંધ કરવું જોઈએ. પછી, આપણે કચરાનું પ્રમાણ ઓછું કરવું જોઈએ, આપણા ઘરમાંથી નકામો સામાન, કાગળ, બૅરિ, વધેલું ફાસ્ટ ફૂડ – આ બધું જ તળાવમાં ફેંકવામાં આવે છે. જો આપણે ઘરમાં ભેગા થતા કચરાનું પ્રમાણ ઓછું કરી શકીએ અને જો બધા જ કચરાનો નિકાલ સુરક્ષિત રીતે કરી શકીએ, તો તે સૌથી મોટી સિદ્ધિ ગણાય.
In simple words: સૌપ્રથમ, આપણે ઘરની બહાર કચરો ફેંકવાનું બંધ કરવું જોઈએ. ત્યારબાદ, આપણે કચરાનું ઉત્પાદન ઘટાડવું જોઈએ. આપણાં ઘરમાંથી નીકળતો નકામો સામાન, કાગળ, બેટરી અને વધેલું ફાસ્ટ ફૂડ તળાવોમાં ફેંકવામાં આવે છે. જો આપણે ઘરગથ્થુ કચરાનું પ્રમાણ ઘટાડી શકીએ અને તેનો સુરક્ષિત રીતે નિકાલ કરી શકીએ, તો તે એક મહાન સિદ્ધિ ગણાશે.

Exam Tip: બાળકો અને યુવાનો પર્યાવરણ માટે શું કરી શકે તેની વ્યવહારુ સલાહ આપો, જેમાં કચરાનો નિકાલ અને તેનું વ્યવસ્થાપન મુખ્ય મુદ્દા હોય.

Question. પર્યાવરણની મદદ કરવા માટે દરેક વિદ્યાર્થીનું શાળાએ જતાં બાળકોએ, પર્યાવરણ માટે, અઠવાડિયામાં કેટલો સમય આપવો જોઈએ?
Answer: વીકએન્ડમાં ચાર કલાક – એટલે કે શનિવારે બે કલાક અને રવિવારે બે કલાકમાં આ નાની શરૂઆત આગળ જતાં નિશ્ચિતરૂપે મોટા પાયે સહભાગી થવા માટે પૂરતી છે.
In simple words: પર્યાવરણની મદદ માટે, શાળાએ જતા બાળકોએ સપ્તાહના અંતે ચાર કલાક – શનિવારે બે કલાક અને રવિવારે બે કલાક – ફાળવવા જોઈએ. આ નાની શરૂઆત ભવિષ્યમાં મોટા પાયે સહભાગીતા માટે પર્યાપ્ત છે.

Exam Tip: વિદ્યાર્થીઓ માટે પર્યાવરણીય પ્રવૃત્તિઓમાં સમયના ફાળવણીનું મહત્વ અને તેના લાંબાગાળાના ફાયદાઓ સમજાવો.

Question. વિદ્યાર્થીઓ અને શાળાઓ તમારી સાથે કઈ રીતે જોડાઈ શકે? શું તમારા કાર્ય વિશે તેમને માહિતી આપવા માટે તમે કોઈ કાર્યક્રમ કરો છો?
Answer: હા, રસ હોય તેવા વિદ્યાર્થીઓને અમે ફેલોશિપ (ભાગીદારી) આપીએ છીએ. અમે યુવાન પ્રાણી-પ્રેમીઓ, વન્યજીવન ફટૉગ્રાફર, ફિલ્મ બનાવનાર, રંગમંચના કલાકારો અને વૈજ્ઞાનિક સંશોધકો એકત્રિત કરીએ છીએ. અમે આ ક્ષેત્રોમાં તેમને તાલીમ આપી અમારી બધી પ્રવૃત્તિઓમાં સક્રિય કરીએ છીએ. અમારો સૌથી નાનો સ્વયંસેવક ત્રીજા ધોરણમાં છે.
In simple words: હા, રસ ધરાવતા વિદ્યાર્થીઓને અમે ફેલોશિપ આપીએ છીએ. અમે યુવાન પશુ-પ્રેમીઓ, વન્યજીવન ફોટોગ્રાફર્સ, ફિલ્મ નિર્માતાઓ, રંગમંચ કલાકારો અને વૈજ્ઞાનિક સંશોધકોને ભેગા કરીએ છીએ. અમે તેમને આ ક્ષેત્રોમાં તાલીમ આપીએ છીએ અને અમારી પ્રવૃત્તિઓમાં તેમને સક્રિય રીતે સામેલ કરીએ છીએ. અમારો સૌથી નાનો સ્વયંસેવક ત્રીજા ધોરણમાં છે.

Exam Tip: સંસ્થા વિદ્યાર્થીઓ અને શાળાઓ સાથે કેવી રીતે જોડાય છે, તેમને કયા પ્રકારની તકો પૂરી પાડે છે અને તેમના કાર્યક્રમો કેવી રીતે રસ જગાવે છે તે વર્ણવો.

Word Meanings

Question 1. How do you feel when you see people throwing garbage around?
Answer: When I see people throwing garbage around, I feel disappointed and worried. It shows they don't care much for the environment or their community. Such actions hurt nature and can cause health problems for everyone.
In simple words: Seeing people litter makes me feel sad and concerned because it harms the environment and our community.

Exam Tip: Express your genuine feelings clearly and explain the reasons behind them, focusing on environmental and social impact.

Question 2. What would you do to inspire young people to work for the cause of environment?
Answer: To encourage young people, I would arrange interactive workshops and cleanup events. I would demonstrate how their small actions can create a major impact on our planet. Furthermore, I would share inspiring stories of young environmentalists to motivate them.
In simple words: I would hold workshops and cleanups, showing young people how their small efforts help the planet and sharing inspiring stories.

Exam Tip: Suggest actionable and engaging activities that resonate with young audiences, such as hands-on projects and relatable success stories.

Question 3. Which qualities of Arun would you appreciate?
Answer: I would value Arun's strong commitment to environmental safety and his step to establish an NGO at a youthful age. His modesty, ongoing desire to learn, and his skill to inspire other people are truly praiseworthy. His choice to leave a good job to pursue his passion for the environment also displays remarkable selflessness.
In simple words: I admire Arun's dedication to the environment, starting an NGO young, his humility, constant learning, and inspiring others, especially his selfless career choice.

Exam Tip: Identify specific character traits and provide examples from the text to support why you appreciate those qualities.

Question 4. As a student, what would you advise your schoolmates to keep your school surroundings clean?
Answer: As a student, I would recommend my classmates always utilize trash cans and prevent scattering litter. We should also arrange frequent cleanup drives within the school grounds. I would also propose making posters and educational campaigns to inform everyone about the advantages of a clean setting.
In simple words: I'd tell schoolmates to use bins, avoid litter, and organize cleanups and awareness campaigns to show how important a clean school is.

Exam Tip: Focus on practical, student-led initiatives like using dustbins, organizing drives, and creating awareness campaigns.

Question 5. Usually, do people keep a village pond clean? If 'No' what will you do to keep it clean? Present your group's idea to the class.
Answer: Often, people may not maintain village ponds because they lack awareness or good waste disposal methods. If this is the case, my group would first teach villagers about the value of clean water and how pollution harms health and wildlife. Then, we would arrange group cleanup activities, put in more trash cans near the pond, and encourage local involvement in keeping it neat.
In simple words: Village ponds are often dirty because people don't know better. Our group would educate villagers, organize cleanups, add trash cans, and encourage everyone to help keep the pond clean.

Exam Tip: When proposing solutions, address the root causes (e.g., lack of awareness, poor infrastructure) and suggest community-based, sustainable actions.