Frank Brothers Solutions for ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 10 Endocrine System

Solution 1:
Answer:
1. Pituitary gland
2. Somatotrophin
3. Thyroxine
4. Pancreas
5. Liver
6. Adrenal gland
7. Adenohypophysis
8. Neurohypophysis
9. Thyroxine
In simple words: These are the main glands and hormones in our body that control growth, metabolism, and blood sugar levels.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use a simple body diagram to point out each gland's location. Students often confuse anterior and posterior pituitary parts - use different colors to distinguish adenohypophysis (front) from neurohypophysis (back).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that thyroxine appears twice in this list - it's secreted by thyroid gland and affects metabolism. Write the full scientific names clearly.

Solution 2:
Answer:
1. Somatotrophic Hormone – It is essential for the normal growth of an organism.
2. Thyroid stimulating hormone – It stimulates the activity as well as the growth of thyroid glands.
3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone – It stimulates the activity of adrenal cortex.
4. Gonadotrophic hormone – It promotes the growth of ovarian follicles in females and the growth of sperms in males.
5. Insulin hormone – It lowers the blood sugar level.
6. Corpus luteum – It secretes progesterone.
7. Glucagon hormone – It raises the blood sugar level.
In simple words: Each hormone has a specific job - some control growth, others manage blood sugar, and some handle reproduction.

📝 Teacher's Note: Emphasize the opposing functions of insulin and glucagon using a simple balance scale analogy. Students should understand that hormones work in pairs to maintain body balance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always mention both the hormone name and its specific function. Use action words like "stimulates," "lowers," "raises" to show clear functions.

Solution 3:
Answer:
1. Insulin
2. STH
3. Islets of Langerhans
4. STH
5. Insulin
In simple words: STH controls growth while insulin controls blood sugar - both are crucial hormones for proper body function.

📝 Teacher's Note: Point out that STH appears twice, showing its importance in growth. Connect Islets of Langerhans to pancreas location using a simple pancreas diagram.

🎯 Exam Tip: STH stands for Somatotrophic Hormone - remember it's the growth hormone. Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas.

Solution 4:
Answer:
1. FSH – Follicle stimulating hormone
2. LTH – Luteotropic hormone
In simple words: These are reproductive hormones that help in the development of egg cells and support pregnancy.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain that FSH and LTH are pituitary hormones that control reproductive functions. Use simple analogies like "FSH prepares the egg" and "LTH supports pregnancy."

🎯 Exam Tip: Write out the full forms clearly. FSH and LTH are both anterior pituitary hormones related to reproduction.

Solution 6:
Answer:
1. (b)
2. (c)
3. (a)
4. (e)
5. (d)
In simple words: These matching answers connect specific glands with their hormone products and functions.

📝 Teacher's Note: Create matching exercises regularly to help students connect glands, hormones, and functions. Use flashcards for better retention.

🎯 Exam Tip: In matching questions, eliminate obvious wrong answers first, then match the remaining options carefully.

Solution 7:
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. False
In simple words: Only the first statement is correct - the other four statements contain factual errors about hormones and glands.

📝 Teacher's Note: Discuss why each false statement is incorrect. This helps students avoid common misconceptions about endocrine system facts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read true/false statements very carefully. Often one wrong detail makes the entire statement false.

Solution 8:
Answer:
1. Hormone – The secretions of endocrine glands which are carried by blood to the target organs are called hormones.
2. Endocrine gland – The glands without ducts which secrete hormones are called endocrine glands.
3. Exocrine gland – The glands with ducts which secrete enzymes are called exocrine glands.
4. Hypothyroidism – It is the under secretion of thyroxine by thyroid gland which leads to retarded growth and mental development in infants.
5. Hyperglycemia – Increase in blood sugar level is called hyperglycemia.
6. Hypersecretion – The over activity of any gland leads to over secretion of hormones called hypersecretion.
In simple words: These definitions explain the basic concepts of the endocrine system - glands, hormones, and what happens when they don't work properly.

📝 Teacher's Note: Emphasize the difference between endocrine (no ducts) and exocrine (with ducts) glands using simple drawings. Students often confuse these concepts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key words for definitions: "without ducts" for endocrine, "with ducts" for exocrine, "carried by blood" for hormones. Use these exact phrases.

Solution 9:
Answer:

📝 Teacher's Note: Use real-life examples - thyroid like a body thermostat, pancreas like a sugar controller, adrenaline like an emergency alarm system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Present table information clearly with proper gland names, hormone names, and specific functions. Don't mix up similar-sounding hormones.

Solution 10:
Answer:
1. Diabetes mellitus – Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by the deficiency of insulin hormone.
2. Beta cells – Beta cells are the cells of pancreas that secrete insulin.
3. Exophthalmic goitre – The over activity of thyroid gland leads to its enlargement, producing a big swelling in the neck region called exophthalmic goiter.
4. Releasing hormones – A substance produced by the hypothalamus that is capable of accelerating the secretion of a given hormone by the anterior pituitary gland.
In simple words: These terms describe diabetes (sugar disease), insulin-making cells, thyroid enlargement, and brain signals that control hormone release.

📝 Teacher's Note: Show pictures of goiter to help students visualize the condition. Explain diabetes using simple sugar-lock analogy where insulin is the key.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect beta cells specifically to pancreas and insulin. Mention "deficiency of insulin" for diabetes and "overactivity" for exophthalmic goiter.

Solution 11:
Answer:

📝 Teacher's Note: Help students remember by connecting disease symptoms to gland functions. Thyroid diseases affect growth and neck, pancreas diseases affect blood sugar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus are different diseases but both related to pancreas. Gigantism comes from pituitary overactivity.

Solution 12:
Answer: Insulin secreted by pancreas controls the level of glucose in blood.
In simple words: Insulin is like a key that helps cells use sugar from blood, keeping blood sugar levels normal.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use the lock-and-key analogy - insulin is the key, cells are locks, and glucose enters when insulin unlocks the cell door.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always mention both "pancreas" as the source and "glucose control" as the function when discussing insulin.

Solution 13:
Answer: Adrenaline is called an emergency hormone because it brings rapid physiological responses to emergencies like danger, fear or other situations requiring vigorous action.
In simple words: Adrenaline is like the body's alarm system that instantly prepares you to fight or run when facing danger.

📝 Teacher's Note: Relate to students' experiences - feeling heart race during exams or sports. Explain fight-or-flight response using simple scenarios they understand.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key phrase "rapid physiological responses" shows why it's called emergency hormone. Always mention specific situations like danger and fear.

Solution 14:
Answer:

📝 Teacher's Note: Group hormones by function - growth hormones, reproductive hormones, stress hormones, and metabolic hormones. This helps students remember which gland does what.

🎯 Exam Tip: Anterior pituitary has the most hormones (5 listed). Remember pancreas has two opposing hormones - insulin lowers, glucagon raises blood sugar.

Solution 15:
Answer:

📝 Teacher's Note: Use this as a master reference chart. Help students see patterns - like how thyroid problems cause both cretinism (under) and goiter (over). Create memory aids for opposing functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the most common hormone disorders - diabetes (insulin), gigantism/dwarfism (growth hormone), and goiter (thyroxine). These appear frequently in exams.

Solution 16:
Answer: 1. Exophthalmic goitre – It is caused due to over activity of thyroid gland. Symptoms are – Enlargement and protrusion of the gland below the chin, increased pulse rate, nervousness and bulging of the eyes.
2. Diabetes mellitus – It is caused due to less secretion of the insulin hormone. Symptoms are – Frequent urination, Sudden weight gain or weight loss, Excessive thirst and hunger.
In simple words: Exophthalmic goitre happens when the thyroid works too much, making eyes bulge and heart race. Diabetes happens when the body doesn't make enough insulin, causing frequent peeing and extreme thirst.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use visual aids showing normal vs. enlarged thyroid and demonstrate how insulin acts like a key to unlock cells for glucose entry. Students often confuse the symptoms, so create a comparison chart.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always mention both the cause (hormone imbalance) and at least 2-3 specific symptoms for each condition to score full marks.

Solution 17:
Answer: In hilly region, water has less iodine which is required for the production of thyroxine. So due to the deficiency of thyroxine, people suffer from goiter.
In simple words: Mountain water lacks iodine, which the thyroid needs to make its hormone. Without enough iodine, the thyroid swells up trying to work harder, causing goiter.

📝 Teacher's Note: Explain why iodized salt was introduced and show students the geographic distribution of goiter cases. Connect to real-world public health measures.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link iodine deficiency → thyroxine deficiency → goiter in a clear cause-and-effect chain for maximum marks.

Solution 18:
Answer: Insulin is a protein hormone and if it is given orally it would be digested upon by the protein digesting enzymes in the alimentary canal.
In simple words: Insulin is made of protein, so if you swallow it, your stomach will digest it like any other protein before it can help control blood sugar.

📝 Teacher's Note: Compare this to why we can eat meat proteins but can't eat insulin tablets. Emphasize the difference between injection (bypassing digestion) and oral intake.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention that insulin is a protein and gets digested by proteolytic enzymes – this shows understanding of both hormone structure and digestive processes.

Solution 19:
Answer: 1. The endocrine cells present in pancreas are: alpha cells, beta cells and delta cells.
2. Insulin and glucagon.
3. Insulin – It lowers the glucose level in the blood.
4. Glucagon – It raises the level of glucose in the blood.
In simple words: The pancreas has three types of hormone-making cells. They produce insulin (lowers blood sugar) and glucagon (raises blood sugar) to keep glucose levels balanced.

📝 Teacher's Note: Use the analogy of a thermostat – insulin and glucagon work together to maintain blood sugar like a thermostat maintains room temperature. Draw the feedback mechanism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the opposite functions – insulin decreases, glucagon increases blood glucose. Also mention the specific cell types for complete answers.

Solution 20:
Answer: 1. Adrenaline
2. Insulin
3. Glucagon
4. Thyroxine
5. Calcitonin
6. Adrenaline
7. Growth stimulating hormone
8. Sex corticoids
9. Antidiuretic hormone
10. Non adrenaline
In simple words: This is a list of important hormones that control different body functions like blood sugar, growth, stress response, and water balance.

📝 Teacher's Note: Create hormone cards with students – each card showing hormone name, source gland, and main function. This helps with memorization and understanding connections.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice writing hormone names correctly – spelling mistakes can cost marks. Focus on the most commonly asked hormones in exams.

Solution 21:
Answer: 1. (b) Diabetes
2. (b) Adrenal gland
3. (d) Pancreas
4. (b) Gigantism
5. (a) Insulin
6. (b) Liver
7. (c) Target
8. (c) under secretion of insulin
9. (a) beta cells of pancreas
10. (d) glucagon
11. (c) progesterone
In simple words: These are multiple choice answers covering various endocrine topics including diabetes, hormone sources, and their functions in the body.

📝 Teacher's Note: Review each MCQ topic thoroughly – diabetes vs other conditions, hormone sources, and target organs. Use elimination techniques to teach students how to approach difficult questions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read MCQ options carefully – often similar-sounding options are given as distractors. Cross out obviously wrong answers first, then choose from remaining options.