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ICSE Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 5 Physical and Chemical Changes Digital Edition
For Class 9 Chemistry, this chapter in ICSE Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 05 Physical and Chemical Changes provides a detailed overview of important concepts. We highly recommend using this text alongside the ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry to learn the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.
Chapter 5 Physical and Chemical Changes ICSE Book Class Class 9 PDF (2026-27)
Chapter 5
Physical and Chemical Changes
Latest Syllabus - Scope of Syllabus - Physical and Chemical Changes
Definitions and distinctions between Physical and Chemical changes. Simple experiments like dissolution of sugar in water, burning of paper should be shown to make the concepts of physical and chemical change clear. More examples of such type may be given.
Conditions for chemical change. Close contact, heat, light, electricity, pressure, catalysts with examples.
Types of chemical change. Direct combination; decomposition; displacement; double decomposition with examples.
Energy changes in a chemical change. Exothermic and endothermic reactions with examples - evolution/absorption of heat, light and electricity.
Burning: Definition and conditions of burning. Definition; conditions for burning [combustible substance, supporter of combustion and ignition temperature]; comparison of respiration and burning; burning of magnesium or candle to show that substances gain weight on burning; students to be made aware of how the balance of O2 and CO2 is maintained in nature, O2 and CO2 cycle.
A. Introduction
Physical and Chemical Properties
Every substance possesses qualities or characteristics by which it can be identified. These characteristics are called - properties.
Physical Properties - are properties associated with physical changes and include- boiling point, melting point, density, solubility, colour, odour, taste, thermal and electrical conductivity, hardness etc.
Physical properties can be determined by - simple physical observations and measured without changing the composition of the substance. A given liquid can be distinguished from another liquid from its - colour, odour, melting point and boiling point.
Chemical Properties - are properties associated with chemical changes and include- reactions of - chemical compounds resulting in formation of new substances.
Chemical properties depend on - the composition or change in composition of a substance. A given liquid can also be distinguished from another liquid from its action with indicators and chemical reactions including reactions with - acids, alkalis, metals and non-metals.
Physical and Chemical Changes - Condition for the Changes
A substance [i.e. matter] undergoes a kind of change when subjected to energy changes. Whenever energy is added or supplied to matter or absorbed or removed from matter - the matter is said to undergo certain changes. Water from the sea evaporates due to the heat energy supplied by the sun.
Classification of changes - Almost all changes taking place in matter may be classified as - physical or chemical.
The change maybe physical - if it is temporary, easily reversible and the form and state of the substance changes without its fundamental nature undergoing any change.
The change maybe chemical - if it is permanent, not easily reversible and the identity of the substance is altered which may result in formation of new substances.
B. Physical and Chemical Changes - Definition and Comparison
| Physical Change | Chemical Change |
|---|---|
| Definition | |
| A change in which the substance - retains its identity and changes in form or state - without altering in composition. | A change in which the substance - loses its identity and produces one or more new substances - by change in its composition. |
| A physical change is - temporary and easily reversible. | A chemical change is - permanent and not easily reversible. |
| Comparison | |
| 1. Composition of Substance | 1. Composition of Substance |
| Composition of the molecules of the substance remains - unaltered. The change takes place in - certain physical properties i.e. state, colour, solubility etc. | Composition of the molecules of the substance is - altered. At least one or more new products - formed. |
| 2. Nature of Change | 2. Nature of Change |
| Temporary change - reversed by reversal of conditions, i.e. by removing the cause of the change. | Permanent change - not reversed by reversal of conditions. |
| 3. Mass of the Substance | 3. Mass of the Substance |
| No change in mass - of the substance undergoing a - physical change. Reason - No matter is added or removed- during a physical change. | Change in mass - of the substance undergoing a - chemical change. Reason - Matter is added or removed- during a chemical change but the - total mass of substance is unaltered. |
| 4. Energy Changes | 4. Energy Changes |
| No gain or loss of energy - during the physical change. Energy required for completion of a physical change - is released when the change in reversed. [When ice changes to water, 10 g. of ice needs about 800 calories to form water at 0°C. The same weight of water will release the same amount of heat when forming ice at 0°C.] | Energy is either absorbed or evolved - during the chemical change. Energy in the form of light, percussion [pressure] or generally heat energy - is required for a chemical change. [When a chemical change takes place with absorption of heat energy, the change is said to be an endothermic change and - if with liberation of heat energy the change is said to be an exothermic change.] |
C. Physical and Chemical Changes - Examples
| Physical Change | Chemical Change |
|---|---|
| Examples | |
The change of state of matter, as in - - melting of solids to liquids. - freezing of liquids to solids - vaporization of liquids to gases. - liquefaction of gases to liquids. Expansion and contraction of substances when heated or cooled melting of substances, e.g. melting of wax. Rain cycle Boiling of milk Melting of butter Drying of a fruit Magnetization of iron Ringing of an electric bell | Chemical reactions taking place eg. during - - addition of acids to substances. - fermentation of substances. - dehydration of carbohydrates. - respiration. Burning of substances in air or oxygen burning of magnesium in air burning of a candle in air Carbon cycle Curdling of milk Butter turning rancid Ripening of a fruit Rusting of iron Changes in electro chemical cells. |
| Demonstration | |
| I. Dissolution of Sugar in Water | I. Burning of Paper |
Sugar Solvent [water] Solvent [water] Dissolution of sugar in water No new substance is formed - the change is temporary with - no evolution or absorption of energy. Sugar on dissolution in water, dissolves completely forming a sugar solution. The molecules of sugar can never be seen even under a power microscope. On evaporation of the sugar solution - the sugar is recovered back in the crystalline form proving the - change to be temporary. No change in mass - occurs during addition of sugar to water. No net gain or loss of energy - is seen to occur during the change. | Paper Burning of paper New substances are formed - the change is permanent and - heat and light energy are evolved. Paper i.e. cellulose [C6H10O5]n burns in air i.e. oxygen to give two new substances or products - carbon dioxide and water vapour. The products formed - do not combine back to give the reactants, hence the - change is permanent. Change in mass - occurs during the burning of paper [the total mass however is unaltered]. Energy in the form of heat and light - are evolved. |
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ICSE Book Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 5 Physical and Chemical Changes
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