Read Charts 4 Important Chemicals and Compounds of ICSE Class 9 Chemistry
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Important Chemicals & Compounds
Acids
| Name | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Muriatic Acid | Hydrochloric acid [HCl] |
| Aqua Fortis | Nitric acid [HNO3] |
| Oil of Vitriol | Sulphuric acid [H2SO4] |
| Aqua Regia | Nitric & hydrochloric acid [conc. - 1 vol. & 3 vol.] |
| Vinegar | Acetic acid [CH3COOH] |
Teacher's Note
Acids are found in everyday items like vinegar in our kitchens and battery acid in our cars, making them essential to understand for both safety and scientific knowledge.
Bases
| Name | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Caustic Potash | Potassium hydroxide |
| Caustic Soda | Sodium hydroxide |
| Liquor Ammonia | Ammonium hydroxide |
Teacher's Note
Bases like caustic soda are used in soap-making and drain cleaners, demonstrating how understanding bases helps us use household products safely and effectively.
Salts
| Name | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Sodium Sulphate | Normal salt [Na2 SO4] |
| Sodium Bisulphate | Acid salt [NaHSO4] |
| Bleaching Powder | Mixed salt [CaOCl2] |
| Sodium Silver Cyanide | Complex salt [Na [Ag (CN)2] |
| Rock Salt | Sodium chloride [NaCl] |
| Sal Ammoniac | Ammonium chloride |
| Horn Silver | Silver chloride [AgCl] |
| Nitre | Potassium nitrate [KNO3] |
| Chile Salt Petre | Sodium nitrate [NaNO2] |
| Washing Soda | Sodium carbonate [hyd.] - [Na2CO3.10H2O] |
| Baking Soda | Sodium bicarbonate - [NaHCO3] |
| Glauber's Salt | Sodium sulphate [hyd.] - [Na2SO4.10H2O] |
| Lunar Caustic | Silver nitrate [AgNO3] |
| Cinnabar | Mercuric sulphide [HgS] |
| Blue Vitriol | Copper sulphate [hyd.] - [CuSO4.5H2O] |
| Green Vitriol | Iron [II] sulphate [hyd.] - [FeSO4.7H2O] |
| White Vitriol | Zinc sulphate [hyd] - [ZnSO4 .7H2O] |
| Epsom Salt | Magnesium sulphate [hyd] - [MgSO4.7H2O] |
| Alum | [Potassium aluminium sulphate [K2SO4.Al2(SO3)3.24 H2O] |
| Litharge | Lead monoxide [PbO] |
| Silica | Silicon dioxide [SiO2] |
| Pyrolusite | Manganese [IV] oxide - [MnO2] |
Teacher's Note
Common salts like rock salt and washing soda are present in our daily lives - from seasoning food to cleaning clothes - showing the practical importance of chemistry in households worldwide.
Ores
Ores of Aluminium
| Name | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Bauxite | Aluminium oxide [hyd.] - [Al2O3.2H2O] |
| Cryolite | Sodium aluminium fluoride - [Na3AlF6] |
Ores of Zinc
| Name | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Zinc Blende | Zinc sulphide - [ZnS] |
| Calamine | Zinc carbonate - [ZnCO3] |
| Zincite | Zinc oxide - [ZnO] |
Ores of Iron
| Name | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Haematite | Iron [III] oxide - [Fe2O3] |
| Magnetite | Tri iron tetroxide - [Fe3O4] |
| Iron Pyrites | Iron sulphide [FeS2] |
Ore of Lead
| Name | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Galena | Lead sulphide - [PbS] |
Ore of Copper
| Name | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Cuprite | Copper [I] oxide - [Cu2O] |
Teacher's Note
Ores are the raw materials from which we extract valuable metals used in everything from building construction to electronics, making them crucial to modern civilization.
Hydrocarbons - Organic Compounds
| Name | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|
| Methane | CH4 |
| Ethane | C2H6 |
| Ethene [ethylene] | C2H4 |
| Ethyne [acetylene] | C2H2 |
| Methanol [methyl alcohol] | CH3OH |
| Ethanol [ethyl alcohol] | C2H5OH |
Teacher's Note
Hydrocarbons like methane in natural gas and ethanol in biofuels are central to our energy systems and can be found in everything from vehicle fuel to industrial processes.
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ICSE Book Class 9 Chemistry Charts 4 Important Chemicals and Compounds
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