Revision Notes for Class 5 Science: Skeletal And Nervous System
Review targeted revision notes for Class 5 Science with the CBSE Class 5 Science Skeletal System and Nervous System Notes with Questions Set 01. Built according to official educational guidelines for the 2026-27 academic year, these downloadable summaries for Skeletal And Nervous System support daily study and last-minute exam readiness.
Review Skeletal And Nervous System for Class 5 Science
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Skeletal System
The framework of bones in the body is the skeleton. It supports and shapes the body, protects soft organs such as the heart, lungs and brain, and helps movement with muscles. Bone marrow inside bones makes blood cells. An adult has 206 bones; a child has more than 300. Calcium, phosphorus and some vitamins keep bones healthy.
| Part | Details |
|---|---|
| Skull | 22 bones (8 cranial and 14 facial); protects the brain; only the lower jaw moves |
| Backbone | 33 vertebrae forming the vertebral column; allows bending and twisting; cartilage between vertebrae acts as a cushion; protects the spinal cord |
| Ribcage | 12 pairs of ribs joined to the backbone and the sternum; the last two pairs are floating ribs; protects the heart and lungs |
| Limbs | Forelimbs (arms; humerus is the upper arm bone) and hind limbs (legs; femur is the thigh bone, the longest bone) |
Joints and Muscles
A joint is where two or more bones meet. Ligaments hold bones together at joints. Immovable joints are found in the skull and tooth sockets. Movable joints are of four kinds:
| Joint | Example |
|---|---|
| Ball and socket | Shoulder, hip |
| Hinge | Elbow, knee, fingers |
| Pivot | Between neck and head |
| Gliding | Wrist, ankle |
Muscles are made of fibres and help bones to move. Tendons attach muscles to bones. There are three kinds: voluntary (skeletal) muscles in arms and legs, involuntary (smooth) muscles in the stomach and intestines, and cardiac muscles in the heart.
Nervous System
The nervous system is made of the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves. A change in the surroundings is a stimulus. The central nervous system (CNS) is the brain and spinal cord; the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the nerves from them. Nerve cells, or neurons, are the basic unit. Sensory neurons carry messages from sense organs to the brain, motor neurons carry them from the brain to muscles, and mixed neurons do both.
| Part of brain | Function |
|---|---|
| Cerebrum | Largest part; memory, intelligence, logic, voluntary muscles; right half controls the left side of the body and the left half controls the right |
| Cerebellum | Behind the cerebrum; balance, posture, smooth muscle movement |
| Brain stem (medulla) | Joins brain to spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat and other involuntary actions |
The brain is protected by the skull and cerebrospinal fluid, which acts as a cushion. The spinal cord, protected by the backbone, passes messages between the brain and the body. An automatic response that goes through the spinal cord without the brain is a reflex action.
Questions and Answers
1. Define cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla, cartilage and skeleton.
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Answer: Cerebrum: the largest part of the brain, controlling memory, intelligence and logic. Cerebellum: the second largest part, behind the cerebrum, controlling balance and posture. Medulla: connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls involuntary actions. Cartilage: a tough elastic tissue that stops bones rubbing together. Skeleton: the framework of bones that supports and shapes the body.
Teacher's Note: Use the key term in your answer.
2. What are joints? Name the types.
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Answer: A joint is the place where two bones meet. The types are ball and socket, hinge, pivot and gliding.
Teacher's Note: Give an example if the question allows.
3. Name and explain the different types of nerves.
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Answer: Sensory nerves carry messages from sense organs to the brain or spinal cord. Motor nerves carry messages from the brain or spinal cord to muscles. Mixed nerves do both.
Teacher's Note: Write a short, clear answer.
4. What are the functions of the skeletal system?
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Answer: It protects delicate organs, gives support and shape, helps movement, stores calcium and phosphorus, and makes blood cells in the bone marrow.
Teacher's Note: Remember this for your exam.
5. Name the main parts of the skeletal system and explain the ribcage and the backbone.
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Answer: The skull, backbone, ribcage and limbs. The ribcage is a cage of 12 pairs of ribs joined to the backbone and sternum, protecting the heart and lungs. The backbone is made of 33 vertebrae, helps bending and twisting and protects the spinal cord.
Teacher's Note: Learn this point and write it in your own words.
6. Give reason: We at once remove our hand on touching a hot pan.
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Answer: It is a reflex action. The message goes through the spinal cord and not the brain, so the response is very quick.
Teacher's Note: Use the key term in your answer.
7. Differentiate between ligament and tendon.
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Answer:
| Ligament | Tendon |
|---|---|
| Joins bone to bone, like a rubber band | Tough white fibre joining muscle to bone |
Teacher's Note: Give an example if the question allows.
8. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscles.
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Answer:
| Voluntary | Involuntary |
|---|---|
| Under our control; striped | Not under our control; smooth |
| Arm and leg muscles | Muscles of the digestive system |
Teacher's Note: Write a short, clear answer.
9. Fill in: The part of the skull that protects the brain is the ___. Bones are filled with ___. The ___ is the longest bone. ___ prevents bones from rubbing.
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Answer: cranium; bone marrow; femur; cartilage
Teacher's Note: Remember this for your exam.
10. Name: joint that allows movement in all directions; part of the brain joining it to the spinal cord; long bone of the upper arm; automatic actions controlled by the spinal cord; tissues attaching muscles to bones.
Show answer
Answer: Ball and socket joint; medulla (brain stem); humerus; reflex actions; tendons.
Teacher's Note: Learn this point and write it in your own words.
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