UP Board Solutions Class 8 English Chapter 8 The Missile Man of India

कक्षा 8 अंग्रेजी पाठ 8 के प्रश्न उत्तर

Word Meanings (शब्दार्थ)

exceptionally - असाधारण रूप से
ferried - नौका से सवारी या माल ढोते थे
chancellor - कुलाधिपति
pilgrim - यात्री
affiliated - समबद्ध
indigenous - स्वदेशी
orbit - ग्रह-उपग्रह का परिक्रमा पथ
ballistic - प्राक्षेपिक
vision - दृष्टि

Translation of the Lesson (पाठ का हिन्दी अनुवाद)। Avul Pakir

अवुल पकिर जैनुलाअबदीन अब्दुल कलाम, जिन्हें डॉ. ए.पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम के नाम से जाना जाता है, भारत के ग्याहरवें राष्ट्रपति (2002 से 2007) थे। ए.पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम का जन्म 15 अक्टूबर, 1931 को तमिलनाडु के रामेश्वरम में हुआ। हालांकि वह एक गरीब परिवार में पैदा हुए, वह एक असाधारण रूप से प्रतिभाशाली बच्चे रहे। उनके पिता जैनुलाअबदीन एक नाव के मालिक थे जो तमिलनाडु के रामेश्वरम मंदिर में हिन्दु तीर्थयात्रियों को नाव से लेकर जाते थे। उनकी माता अशिअम्मा एक गृहणी थीं। उन्होंने छोटी आयु से ही काम करना शुरू कर दिया था। वह अपने परिवार की आर्थिक मदद के लिए इमली के बीज और अखबार बेचते थे। अपने स्कूल की पढ़ाई रामेश्वरम प्राथमिक विद्यालय से पूरी करके कलाम ने तिरुचिरापल्ली के सेंट जोसेफ्स कॉलेज में दाखिला लिया। यह कॉलेज मद्रास विश्वविद्यालय से मान्यता प्राप्त था, जहाँ से उन्होंने 1954 में भौतिक विज्ञान में स्नातक किया। उन्होनें मद्रास इंस्टिट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नोलोजी से एयरो इंजीनियरिंग की पढ़ाई पूरी की। डा. अब्दुल कलाम एक महान वैज्ञानिक थे। वे भारतीय अन्तरिक्ष विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान के कुलाधिपति भी बने। 1958 में उन्होंने रक्षा अनुसंधान एवं विकास संगठन (डी.आर.डी.ओ.) के साथ काम किया और फिर 1963 में भारतीय अतंरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (इसरो) से जुड़े । भारतीय उपग्रह बनाने और साथ ही डी.आर.डी.ओ. के प्रक्षेपास्त्र कार्यक्रम में उनका महत्वपूर्ण योगदान रहा। एस.एल.वी.-III के परियोजना निदेशक के रूप में उन्होंने रोहिणी उपग्रह को पृथ्वी की कक्षा के पास स्थापित करने में भारत के पहले उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान (एस.एल.वी.-III) के विकास और संचालन में योगदान दिया। उनका महानतम योगदान प्रक्षेपास्त्र के क्षेत्र में रहा। अग्नि, पृथ्वी, आकाश, त्रिशूल और नाग प्रक्षेपास्त्र उन्होंने ही विकसित किए। बैलिस्टिक प्रक्षेपास्त्र और प्रक्षेपण यान तकनीक विकसित करने के लिए उन्हें भारत का 'मिसाइल मैन' कहा जाता है। एक महान वैज्ञानिक होने के साथ-साथ, वे एक महान लेखक भी थे। उन्होंने बहुत सी किताबें लिखी हैं जैसे-'विंग्स ऑफ फायर', 'इग्नाइटेड माइंडस', 'टारगेट 3 बिलिअन', 'टर्निंग पॉइंट', 'इंडिया 20-20 : ए विज़न फॉर द न्यू मिलेनियम', 'माई जर्नी' । अपनी किताब 'इंडिया 20-20 : ए विज़न फॉर द न्यू मिलेनियम' में उन्होंने भारत को एक विकसित देश बनाने के उनके सपनों का उल्लेख किया है। देश के युवाओं के लिए उनकी सलाह थी, “सपने लो सपने लो सपने लो। सपने सोच में परिवर्तित होते हैं और सोच का परिणाम कर्म है।” भारत सरकार ने उन्हें पद्म भूषण (1981), पद्म विभूषण (1990), भारत रत्न और इन्दिरा गाँधी राष्ट्रीय एकता पुरस्कार (1997) से सम्मानित किया। 27 जुलाई, 2015 को भारतीय प्रबंधन संस्थान (आई.आई.एम.) शिल्लोंग में अध्यापन कार्य के दौरान उनकी मृत्यु हो गई। साधारण, विनम्र, साथ ही हमारे समय के सबसे महान व्यक्ति की अचानक एवं अकाल मृत्यु के बारे में जानकर सारी दुनिया सदमे और दुख में डूब गई ।

Exercise (अभ्यास)

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the Following Questions:

Question a. When and where was APJ Abdul Kalam born?
Answer: APJ Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1931. His birthplace was Rameshwaram, which is in Tamil Nadu. He was born into a humble family but later became a great scientist and president.
In simple words: APJ Abdul Kalam was born in Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu, on October 15, 1931.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for birth details, always include the full date and specific location to get full marks.

Question b. What did he do to help his family?
Answer: To help his family, he sold tamarind seeds and newspapers. This was his way of earning money to support his family when he was young. It shows his dedication and hard work from an early age.
In simple words: He sold tamarind seeds and newspapers to help his family financially.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering about a person's actions, describe what they did and briefly explain why, if the reason is known.

Question c. Name two research organisations where he worked.
Answer: He worked at two important research organisations. These were:
(i) Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
(ii) Indian Satellite Research Organisation (ISRO). Both organizations are crucial for India's scientific advancements.
In simple words: He worked at DRDO and ISRO.

🎯 Exam Tip: For listing specific names, make sure to write them out fully and accurately, especially acronyms.

Question d. Name the book in which he mentioned his dream of making India a developed country.
Answer: The book where he shared his dream of making India a developed nation is titled 'India 20-20 : A Vision for the New Millennium'. In this book, he outlined his plans and ideas for India's future growth.
In simple words: He wrote about his dream for India in the book 'India 20-20 : A Vision for the New Millennium'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always provide the full and correct title of a book, using quotation marks or italics as appropriate.

Question e. List the awards by which APJ Abdul Kalam was honoured.
Answer: APJ Abdul Kalam was honored with many awards for his great contributions. Some of these awards include:
- Padma Bhushan (in 1981)
- Padma Vibhushan (in 1990)
- Bharat Ratna (India's highest civilian award)
- Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration (in 1997). These awards show how much he was respected in India.
In simple words: He received awards like Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, Bharat Ratna, and the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing awards, ensure each award is named correctly and, if specified, its year of conferment is included.

Question f. Why is Dr Kalam known as the 'Missile Man of India'?
Answer: Dr. Kalam is famous as the 'Missile Man of India' because of his significant work in developing ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. His efforts helped India become strong in space and defense, making him a national hero.
In simple words: Dr. Kalam got the name 'Missile Man of India' because he played a big role in making missiles and rockets for our country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always link a person's title or nickname to their specific achievements or contributions.

Word Power

Question 1. Complete the names of the missiles:
• AGNI
• PRITHVI
• NAAG
• AKASH
• TRISHUL
Answer: The complete names of the missiles are:
- AGNI
- PRITHVI
- NAAG
- AKASH
- TRISHUL. These are all important missiles developed as part of India's defense program.
In simple words: These are the names of different missiles that were developed.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing names or lists, ensure all items are included and spelled correctly.

Question 2. Choose the correct words from the brackets to fill in the blanks:
Example: With a blank face she said, “My purse is empty.” (empty, blank)
1. The principal of our school is a man of principles. (principal, principles)
2. Little children have small hands. (little, small)
3. You should live in union because unity is strength. (unity, union)
4. The handsome young man has a beautiful wife. (handsome, beautiful)
Answer:
1. The principal of our school is a man of principles. A 'principal' is the head of a school, while 'principles' refer to moral rules or beliefs.
2. Little children have small hands. 'Little' refers to young age here, and 'small' describes the size of their hands.
3. You should live in union because unity is strength. 'Union' means joining together, and 'unity' means being one in purpose.
4. The handsome young man has a beautiful wife. 'Handsome' is used to describe an attractive man, and 'beautiful' is used for an attractive woman. Being able to choose the correct word shows a good understanding of vocabulary.
In simple words: We select the correct word from the choices given to make each sentence complete and meaningful. It's about picking the right word that fits best.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always read the sentence carefully and consider the exact meaning of each option to choose the most suitable word.

Language Practice

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct degree of adjectives:
1. Birbal was cleverer than the other ministers. (clever)
2. The Everest is the highest peak in the world. (high)
3. China is a big country. (big)
4. Supriya is the tallest girl in the class. (tall)
5. James is two years older than me. (old)
Answer: The correct degrees of adjectives to fill the blanks are:
1. Birbal was cleverer than the other ministers.
2. The Everest is the highest peak in the world.
3. China is a big country.
4. Supriya is the tallest girl in the class.
5. James is two years older than me. Adjectives change their form to show comparison, like when we compare two things or more than two things.
In simple words: We use special forms of words like 'clever' or 'high' to compare things or people, making sure the comparison is right.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the three degrees of adjectives: positive (e.g., big), comparative (e.g., bigger), and superlative (e.g., biggest). Use the correct degree based on what you are comparing.

Question 2. Add 'ly' to the words given in the box to form adverbs and choose the correct adverbs to make meaningful sentence.
One is done for you: quick + ly = quickly He ran quickly.
• My grandmother prays silently.
• The sun was shining brightly.
• We must drive carefully.
• She writes very neatly
• The soldier fought bravely.
Answer: We add 'ly' to the given words to make adverbs, which describe how an action is done. Here are the completed sentences:
- My grandmother prays silently.
- The sun was shining brightly.
- We must drive carefully.
- She writes very neatly.
- The soldier fought bravely. Adverbs help to add more detail to verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
In simple words: By adding 'ly' to words, we make new words that tell us *how* something is done, like quietly or quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adverbs often end in '-ly' and tell us *how*, *when*, *where*, *or to what extent* an action happens.

Question 3. Rewrite the following sentences after inserting the necessary punctuation marks:
• will you help me Will you help me?
• delhi the capital of india stands on the banks of river Yamuna Delhi, the capital of India, stands on the banks of river Yamuna.
• how beautiful the sky is How beautiful the sky is!
• where do you want to go asked meera “Where do you want to go?” asked Meera.
Answer: Here are the sentences rewritten with the correct punctuation marks:
- Will you help me?
- Delhi, the capital of India, stands on the banks of River Yamuna.
- How beautiful the sky is!
- "Where do you want to go?" asked Meera. Proper punctuation helps to make sentences clear and easy to understand.
In simple words: We add things like question marks, full stops, commas, and capital letters to sentences so they make sense and are easy to read.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always check for capital letters at the start of sentences and for proper nouns, commas for pauses, question marks for questions, and exclamation marks for strong feelings. Remember to use quotation marks for direct speech.

Activity

Question. Let's Read and Follow
Answer: This is an activity for you to do on your own. You need to follow the instructions and complete it yourself. Engaging in such activities helps improve your skills.
In simple words: This part is an activity, so you should do it yourself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always attempt "Do it yourself" activities, as they are designed to test your understanding and practical application of the lesson.

Let's Write

Question. If you were given a chance to ask President Kalam three questions, what would they be?
(i) What inspired you to study so much even after living in a humble background?
(ii) Why do you think people of India call you 'People's President'?
(iii) What difference do you notice in the education system of your times and the present times?
Answer: This is a personal question, and your questions would be based on what you find most interesting about President Kalam. Think about his life, achievements, and messages, then frame three questions you genuinely want to ask him. Asking questions helps you learn more. For example, you might ask about his biggest challenge, his favorite book, or his advice for young students. Remember to formulate thoughtful questions that show your understanding of his legacy.
In simple words: This question asks you to think of three things you would ask President Kalam. You should write down your own questions based on what you learned about him.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to imagine or express personal opinions, make sure your answers are relevant to the topic and reflect genuine thought. There's no single "correct" answer, but thoughtful reflection is key.