UP Board Solutions Class 10 English Chapter 5 Torch Bearers

कक्षा 10 अंग्रेजी पाठ 5 प्रश्न उत्तर

These Solutions are part of UP Board Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given UP Board Solutions for Class 10 English Prose Chapter 5 Torch Bearers (W.M. Ryburn).

Part-I

Comprehension Questions On Paragraphs

In the examination paper, there are asked only two questions from each paragraph. Given below are some more questions for extra practice. Read the following passages and answer the questions put thereupon :

(1) Once upon a time, -giving the matest. [ From passage 1 ]

Question 1. When did he think of passing the money in the safe hands?
(उसने अपने धन को सुरक्षित हाथों में देने के लिए कब सोचा ?)
2. What did he do all his life?
(उसने अपने सारे जीवन में क्या किया ?)
3. What did he do to divide his money between his two sons?
(अपने दोनों पुत्रों के बीच धन बाँटने के लिए उसने क्या किया ?)
4. How had the old merchant spent all his life?
(बूढे व्यापारी ने अपना सारा जीवन कैसे बिताया ?)
5. What was the result of the merchant's hard work?
(व्यापारी के कठिन परिश्रम का क्या परिणाम हुआ ?)
6. What was the problem? How did he decide to solve it?
(क्या समस्या थी? उसने इसे हल करने का कैसे निर्णय किया ?)
Or
What did the old merchant decide at last?
(बूढे व्यापारी ने अन्त में क्या निर्णय किया ?)
Answer: 1. One day he felt that he had not long to remain in this world then, he thought of passing the money in the safe hands. (एक दिन उसे महसूस हुआ कि अब वह इस दुनिया में ज्यादा दिन नहीं रह पाएगा तब उसने अपने धन को सुरक्षित हाथों में देने के लिए सोचा।) 2. All his life he worked hard for buying and selling the articles. (उसने अपने जीवन भर वस्तुओं की खरीद-फरोख्त करने में कठिन परिश्रम किया।) 3. He planned in his mind that he would give his money to that son who was found out cleverer. For this, he gave a test of both sons. (उसने अपने मन में योजना बनायी कि वह अपना धन उस पुत्र को देगा जो सबसे ज्यादा चतुर होगा। इसके लिए उसने दोनों पुत्रों की परीक्षा ली ।) 4. The old merchant had spent all his life in working hard and earning money. (बूढे व्यापारी ने अपना सारा जीवन कठिन परिश्रम करने तथा धन कमाने में व्यतीत किया ।) 5. The result of merchant's hard work was that he gathered a lot of money. (व्यापारी के कठिन परिश्रम का यह फल हुआ कि उसने काफी धन इकट्ठा कर लिया ।) 6. The problem was to find out the cleverer son. He decided to solve it by giving them a test. (समस्या थी अधिक चतुर पुत्र को ढूँढना। उसने इसे हल करने के लिए अपने बेटों की एक परीक्षा लेने का निश्चय किया ।)
In simple words: The old merchant wanted to secure his wealth before his death by finding the wisest son to inherit it. He had worked hard his entire life to earn money and decided to test his two sons to identify the cleverest one.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a question has multiple parts, address each part clearly in your answer for full marks. Use the Hindi translation to clarify understanding if needed.

(2) Calling the young men,- couple of days”.[From passage 2 ]

Question 1. Why did the two sons think that the old man had taken leave of his sense ?
(दोनों पुत्रों ने क्यों सोचा कि बूढा पागल हो गया है ?)
2. Why did the old merchant call his two sons and what did he say to them?
(बूढे व्यापारी ने अपने दोनों पुत्रों को क्यों बुलाया और उनसे क्या कहा ?)
3. What did they begin to ask themselves?
(वे अपने आपसे क्या पूछने लगे ?)
Answer: 1. The two sons thought that the old man had lost his sense because one rupee is not sufficient to fill the house." (दोनों पुत्रों ने सोचा कि बूढा पागल हो गया है, क्योंकि एक रुपया घर भरने के लिए पर्याप्त नहीं था ।) 2. The old merchant called his two sons to take test and said to fill the house with anything worth rupee one. (बूढे व्यापारी ने अपने दोनों पुत्रों को परीक्षा लेने के लिए बुलाया और कहा कि एक रुपये की किसी चीज से घर भर दो ।) 3. The two sons began to ask themselves how to fill the house with only one rupee. (दोनों पुत्र अपने आपसे सवाल करने लगे कि मात्र एक रुपये में घर कैसे भरा जाए।)
In simple words: The sons thought their father was crazy because he asked them to fill the entire house with something worth only one rupee. The merchant wanted to test their wisdom, instructing them to fill the house with a one-rupee item. The sons were puzzled, wondering how such a small amount could achieve this task.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to characters' motivations and reactions. Explaining why a character felt a certain way (e.g., "lost his sense") is crucial for a complete answer.

(3) So the young man -all my money to you." [From passage 3 ]

Question 1. What did the first son of the merchant do to comply with the orders of his father?
(व्यापारी के पहले पुत्र ने अपने पिता के आदेश को कैसे पूरा किया ?)
2. What did the second son buy for his rupee?
(दूसरे पुत्र ने अपने रुपये से क्या खरीदा ?)
Or
Instead of going way to the bazaar, what did the second son do?
(सीधा बाजार जाने के सिवाय दूसरे पुत्र ने क्या किया?)
3. What happened when he lit the candles ?
(जब उसने मोमबत्तियाँ जलाईं तब क्या हुआ?)
4. With whom was the old merchant pleased and why?
(बूढा व्यापारी किससे और क्यों प्रसन्न था ?)
5. What did the second son see when he got back home? "
(जब दूसरा पुत्र घर वापस आया तब उसने क्या देखा ?)
6. What did the old merchant say to the second son?
(बूढे व्यापारी ने दूसरे पुत्र से क्या कहा ?)
7. Why was the first son disconsolate?
(पहला पुत्र निराश क्यों हो गया ?)
Answer: 1. The first son of the merchant compiled the orders of his father to pile it into the house with hay. (व्यापारी के पहले पुत्र ने भूसे से घर को भरकर अपने पिता के आदेश का पालन किया ।) 2. Instead of way going to the bazaar, the second son thought and bought candles for his rupee. (सीधा बाजार जाने के बजाय दूसरे पुत्र ने पहले सोचा और अपने रुपये से मोमबत्तियाँ खरीदीं।) 3. When the second son lit the candles, the house was filled with light. (जब दूसरे पुत्र ने मोमबत्तियाँ जलाईं तब पूरा मकान रोशनी से भर गया ।) 4. The old merchant was pleased with the second son because he had shown true wisdom. (बूढा व्यापारी दूसरे पुत्र से अत्यन्त प्रसन्न था, क्योंकि उसने वास्तविक बुद्धिमानी दिखाई थी ।) 5. When the second son got back home he saw his brother was standing disconsolately looking at the hay spread out on the floor. (जब दूसरा पुत्र घर वापस आया तब उसने अपने भाई को फर्श पर बिखरे हुए भूसे के पास दुःखी और निराश खड़े हुए देखा ।) 6. The old merchant said to the second son, “My son, you have shown true wisdom. I am ready to handover all my money to you.” (बूढे व्यापारी ने अपने दूसरे पुत्र से कहा, “मेरे पुत्र, तुमने सच्ची बुद्धिमानी दिखाई है। मैं अपना सारा धन तुम्हें देने को तैयार हूं।")। 7. The first son was so disconsolate because he could not fill even the floor of the house with hay. (पहला पुत्र इसलिए निराश था क्योंकि भूसे से वह घर के फर्श को भी नहीं भर सका ।)
In simple words: The first son filled the house with hay, failing to impress his father, while the second son bought candles, which filled the house with light, demonstrating true wisdom. The father was pleased with the second son and offered him all his money, leaving the first son dejected because his hay couldn't even cover the floor.

🎯 Exam Tip: In narrative comprehension, understanding the contrast between actions and outcomes of different characters, especially in a test, is key to identifying the core message.

(4) Now, we all live in - service of our country. [From passage 4 ]

Question 1. What different powers have we all been given ?
(हम सभी को कौन-कौन सी भिन्न शक्तियाँ दी गई हैं ?)
Or
Which powers do we all possess?
(कौन-सी शक्तियों पर हमारा अधिकार है ?)
2. How are we tested as we leave school and go out into the world?
(जब हम स्कूल छोड़ते हैं और संसार में जाते हैं तब हमारा कैसे परीक्षण होता है ?)
3. What does the author mean by hay and light in the given passage?
(दिए हुए गद्यांश में लेखक का ‘hay' और 'light' शब्दों से क्या तात्पर्य है ?)
4. What is a big house' compared with by the author?
(लेखक के द्वारा big house की तुलना किससे की गयी है ?)
5. How shall we serve our country as good citizens ?
(हम अच्छे नागरिक के रूप में अपने देश की सेवा कैसे करेंगे?)
6. What do we carry as we leave school?
(जब हम स्कूल को छोड़ते हैं तब अपने साथ क्या ले जाते हैं?)
7. What should we try to be good citizens ?
(हमें अच्छा नागरिक होने के लिए कोशिश क्यों करनी चाहिए ?)
Answer: 1. The powers which we have been given are:
1. powers of body,
2. powers of mind,
3. powers of character.
(हमें निम्नलिखित शक्तियाँ दी गयी हैं :
1. शरीर की शक्तियाँ,
2. मस्तिष्क की शक्तियाँ,
3. चरित्र की शक्तियाँ ।)
2. We are actually tested when we leave school and go into the world whether we use these powers in useless things or in spreading light. (हमारी परीक्षा उस समय होती है जब हम विद्यालय छोड़कर संसार में जाते हैं, तब हम इन शक्तियों को बुरे कार्यों में प्रयोग करते हैं या ज्ञान फैलाने के कार्य में ।) । 3. In the given passage the author means by 'hay useless things and by "light good citizenship. (दिए हुए गद्यांश में लेखक का ‘hay से तात्पर्य व्यर्थ के काम और light' से अर्थ अच्छी नागरिकता रूपी प्रकाश से है ।) 4. A big house' is compared with our native country. (Big house की तुलना स्वदेश या अपनी मातृभूमि से की गई है ।) 5. We shall serve our country as good citizens by using our powers and abilities to spread light into all parts of our country. (हम अच्छे नागरिक के रूप में अपने देश की सेवा अपनी शक्तियों और योग्यताओं को देश के सभी भागों में ज्ञान फैलाने के काम में लगाकर करेंगे।) 6. As we leave school, we carry some talents with us which we possess. (जब हम स्कूल छोड़ते हैं तब हम अपने साथ कुछ प्रतिभाएँ ले जाते हैं जो हमारे पास होती हैं।) 7. We should try to be good citizen so that we may use our powers and abilities to spread light into all parts of our country. (हमें अच्छा नागरिक बनने की कोशिश करनी चाहिए ताकि हम अपनी शक्तियों और योग्यताओं को देश के सभी भागों में प्रकाश फैलाने में प्रयोग कर सकें ।) |
In simple words: We are given powers of body, mind, and character, and our test in the world is how we use them. "Hay" symbolizes useless acts, while "light" represents good citizenship. Our country is like a "big house," and we serve it as good citizens by spreading knowledge and positive influence using our talents.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for the meaning of symbolic terms like 'hay' and 'light', always relate them back to the broader theme or message of the passage (e.g., citizenship, service).

(5) No country can progress -light of good citizenship. [From passage 4 ]

Question 1. What should we do if we love our country?
(यदि हम अपने देश से प्रेम करते हैं तब हमें क्या करना चाहिए ?)
2. What should we do while we are at school
(जब हम स्कूल में हों तब हमें क्या करना चाहिए ?)
3. What should we do when we leave school and home?
(जब हम स्कूल और घर छोड़े तब हमें क्या करना चाहिए ?)
4. Write the names of the lesson from which the given passage has been taken. Who is the author?
(दिया हुआ गद्यांश जिस पाठ से लिया गया है उसका नाम लिखिए। इसके लेखक कौन हैं?)
Answer: 1. If we love our country, we should try to be good citizen. (यदि हम अपने देश से प्रेम करते हैं तब हमें अच्छे नागरिक बनने की कोशिश करनी चाहिए ।) 2. While we are at school, we should train ourselves in citizenship and cultivate the characteristics of a good citizen. (जब हम स्कूल में हों तब हमें स्वयं को नागरिकता में प्रशिक्षित करना चाहिए और अच्छे नागरिक के लक्षण पैदा करने चाहिए ।) 3. When we leave school and home and go out into different parts of our country, we should fill it with the light of good citizenship. (जब हम स्कूल और घर को छोड़े और देश के भिन्न-भिन्न भागों में जाएँ तब हमें उसे अच्छी नागरिकता के प्रकाश से भर देना चाहिए ।) 4. The given passage has been taken from the lesson Torch Bearers. Its author is W.M. Ryburn. (दिया हुआ गद्यांश TorchBearers नामक पाठ से लिया गया है। इसके लेखक W.M. Ryburn हैं ।)
In simple words: If we love our country, we must strive to be good citizens by training ourselves in citizenship at school, cultivating good qualities, and spreading positive influence throughout the nation after leaving home and school. The passage is from "Torch Bearers" by W.M. Ryburn.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the title of the lesson and its author, as these are common questions. When asked "what should we do," provide practical and actionable steps related to good citizenship.

Long Answer Type Questions

Answer the following questions in about 60 words:

Question 1. what was the problem with the old merchant? How did he solve it?
(बूढे व्यापारी के साथ क्या समस्या थी ? उसने इसे कैसे हल किया ?)
Or
Why did the old merchant give one rupee to each of his two sons? How did they spend their rupees ?
(बूढे व्यापारी ने अपने दोनों पुत्रों को एक-एक रुपया क्यों दिया? उन्होंने अपने रुपयों को कैसे खर्च किया ?)
Or
How did the merchant find out that his second son (younger son) was cleverer than his first son (elder son) ?
(व्यापारी ने कैसे पता लगाया कि उसका दूसरा पुत्र पहले पुत्र से अधिक होशियार है ?)
Or
What test did the old merchant give to his two sons to find out who the cleverer of them? Why did he want to judge them?
(बूढे व्यापारी ने यह जानने के लिए कि उसके दो पुत्रों में कौन अधिक चतुर है, उनकी क्या परीक्षा ली? वह उनको क्यों जाँचना चाहता था ?)
Or
What did the two sons do with their rupee? How did the second son prove himself cleverer than the first son?
(दोनों पुत्रों ने अपने रुपये का क्या किया? दूसरे पुत्र ने पहले की अपेक्षा स्वयं को कैसे चतुर सिद्ध किया?)
Or
why was the old merchant pleased with his second son?
(बूढा व्यापारी अपने दूसरे पुत्र से खुश क्यों था?)
Answer: Once upon a time there was an old man. He worked hard all his life, buying and selling things. Its result was that he had earned a lot of money and had become rich. He had two sons. When he became old, he had a problem-whom he should give his money. He wanted to give it to the son who proved to be wiser. To solve this problem, he gave each of them one rupee. Then he asked them to buy a thing which may fill the whole house with it. The first son bought a careful of hay. But it was not enough to cover even the floor. The second son bought many candles for one rupee. He put two or three candles in each room and lit them. At once the whole house was filled with light. The father was pleased with the second son. He said he had shown true wisdom. So he gave all the money to his second son. (एक समय की बात है एक बूढा आदमी था। उसने पूरे जीवन वस्तुओं को खरीदने व बेचने में कठिन परिश्रम किया। इसका परिणाम यह हुआ कि उसने काफी धन कमा लिया तथा वह धनवान बन गया। उसके दो पुत्र थे। जब वह बूढ़ा हो गया तब उसके सामने एक समस्या थी कि वह अपना धन किसको दे। वह इसे उस पुत्र को देना चाहता था जो अधिक बुद्धिमान् सिद्ध हो । इस समस्या को हल करने के लिए उसने उनमें से प्रत्येक को एक-एक रुपया दिया। फिर उसने उनसे ऐसी वस्तु खरीदने को कहा जो घर को भर दे। पहला पुत्र एक गाड़ी भरकर भूसा खरीद लाया। किन्तु इससे फर्श भी नहीं ढका जा सका। दूसरे पुत्र ने एक रुपये की बहुत-सी मोमबत्तियाँ खरीद ली। उसने दो या तीन मोमबत्तियाँ प्रत्येक कमरे में रखीं और उन्हें जला दिया। तुरन्त पूरा घर प्रकाश से भर गया। पिता दूसरे पुत्र से बहुत प्रसन्न हुआ। उसने कहा कि तुमने सच्ची बुद्धिमानी दिखाई है। अतः उसने सारा धन अपने दूसरे पुत्र को दे दिया ।)
In simple words: The old merchant's problem was to choose the wiser son to inherit his wealth. He solved this by giving each son one rupee and asking them to buy something to fill the house. The first son bought hay, which failed, but the second son bought candles, filling the house with light and proving his wisdom, thus pleasing the father and securing his inheritance.

🎯 Exam Tip: When recounting a story, ensure you cover the initial problem, the method of resolution (the test), the actions of each participant, and the final outcome, highlighting the key difference in their approaches.

Question 2. What are the different powers and abilities given to us? How can citizens use them to spread light over all parts of our country?
(वे भिन्न-भिन्न शक्तियाँ और योग्यताएँ कौन-सी हैं जो हमें दी गई हैं ? नागरिक अपने देश के सभी भागों में ज्ञान का प्रकाश फैलाने के लिए किस प्रकार उनका प्रयोग कर सकते हैं ?)
Or
How can we fill our country with the light of good citizenship?
(हम अपने देश को अच्छी नागरिकता के प्रकाश से कैसे भर सकते हैं ?)
Or
What different powers have we been given?
(हमें कौन-सी भिन्न-भिन्न शक्तियाँ दी गई हैं?) ।
Answer: The different powers given to us are powers of body, powers of mind and powers of character. Each one of us has strength, time and intelligence. Proper and thoughtful use of these powers makes us good citizens. A good citizen is a center of light wherever he lives and whatever he is doing. So we can use these powers to spread light over all parts of our country by becoming good citizens. (हमें जो भिन्न-भिन्न शक्तियाँ दी गयी हैं, वे हैं-शारीरिक शक्ति, मस्तिष्क की शक्ति तथा चरित्र की शक्ति । हममें से प्रत्येक के पास शक्ति, समय तथा बुद्धि है। बदि हम इनका उचित और विवेकशील प्रयोग करें तो हम अच्छे नागरिक बन सकते हैं। एक अच्छा नागरिक जहाँ कहीं भी रहे और जो कुछ भी करे, सदैव ज्ञान का केन्द्र होता है। अतः हम अपनी इन शक्तियों को प्रयोग देश के प्रत्येक भाग को आलोकित करने में लगा सकते हैं। यह सब अच्छे नागरिक बनकर होगा ।)
In simple words: We are given powers of body, mind, and character, along with strength, time, and intelligence. By using these wisely, we become good citizens who can spread knowledge and positive influence, thereby filling our country with the light of good citizenship.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize your points clearly, especially when asked for "different powers." Connect each power back to the main theme of good citizenship and national service.

Question 3. What are the students solicited to do at school, at home and after wards in their country according to the lesson 'Torch Bearers'?
("Torch Bearers' पाठ के द्वारा विद्यालय में, घर पर एवं इसके पश्चात् देश में विद्यार्थियों से किन बातों की अपेक्षा की गयी है ?)
Answer: While the students are at school, they should train themselves in citizenship and cultivate the characteristics of good citizens. While at home, the students are solicited to use the powers of their body, mind and character judiciously and properly. As they leave the school, the students have to pass on their knowledge and skill to others by using them in the service of their country. They should further train themselves for citizenship and for service of their country. (विद्यालय में विद्यार्थियों को चाहिए कि वे स्वयं को अच्छा नागरिक बनाने की शिक्षा लें तथा अपने अन्दर एक अच्छे नागरिक के गुणों का समावेश करें। घर पर विद्यार्थियों को अपनी शारीरिक, मानसिक एवं चारित्रिक शक्तियों का सदुपयोग करना चाहिए। विद्यालय छोड़ने के पश्चात् विद्यार्थियों को चाहिए कि पाठशाला में प्राप्त ज्ञान एवं कौशल को दूसरों को सौंपते चलें और देश की सेवा में भागीदार बनें। उन्हें और श्रेष्ठ नागरिक बनकर अपने आपको देश की सेवा के प्रति अर्पित कर देना चाहिए ।)
In simple words: According to 'Torch Bearers', students should train for citizenship and cultivate good characteristics at school. At home, they must use their body, mind, and character powers wisely. After school, they are expected to share their knowledge and skills for national service, continuing their civic and service training.

🎯 Exam Tip: Break down questions with multiple scenarios (school, home, after school) and address each part systematically to provide a comprehensive answer. Use transition words to link different parts of your explanation.

Question 4. write a character-sketch of the old merchant in "Torch Bearers'.
(“Torch Bearers' पाठ के आधार पर बूढे व्यापारी का चरित्र-चित्रण कीजिए ।)
Answer: Good patron of his money : The old merchant was a good patron of his money. He did not want to give it to the son who could not use wisely. So he gave them a test.
Impartiality: The old merchant was an impartial father. He gave one rupee to each to purchase anything to fill the house. According to condition his second son filled the house to lit the candles with ved himself wiser than first son. He gave his all money to the second son.
Conclusion: With the above description it proves that the old merchant was very hard worker, impartial and honest man. (अपने धन का अच्छा संरक्षक-बूढा व्यापारी अपने धन का अच्छा संरक्षक था। वह उसे अपने उस बेटे को देना नहीं चाहता जो उसका प्रयोग बुद्धिमत्तापूर्वक न कर सके। इसलिए उसने उनकी परीक्षा ली । निष्पक्षता-बूढा व्यापारी एक निष्पक्ष पिता था । उसने प्रत्येक को एक-एक रुपया कुछ खरीदारी के लिए दिया था, जिससे घर भर जाए। शर्त के अनुसार उसके दूसरे पुत्र ने मोमबत्तियाँ जलाकर प्रकाश से घर को भर दिया और अपने को पहले पुत्र से अधिक बुद्धिमान सिद्ध कर दिया। उसने अपना सारा धन दूसरे पुत्र को दे दिया। निष्कर्ष-उपर्युक्त विवरण से स्पष्ट होता है कि बूढा व्यापारी बहुत ही परिश्रमी, निष्पक्ष तथा ईमानदार व्यक्ति था।)
In simple words: The old merchant was a diligent, impartial, and wise man, serving as a good steward of his wealth. He tested his sons to ensure his money went to the most judicious heir, demonstrating fairness by giving each an equal chance, and ultimately choosing the son who showed true wisdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for a character sketch, identify key traits (e.g., hard-working, impartial, wise) and support each trait with specific actions or events from the story.

Short Answer Type Questions

Answer the following questions in about 25 words :

Question 1. what did the old man do all his life? what was its result?
(बूढे व्यक्ति ने पूरे जीवन क्या किया ? इसका क्या परिणाम हुआ ?)
Or
What did the old merchant do all his life ?
(बूढे व्यापारी ने पूरे जीवन क्या किया ?)
Answer: The old man worked hard all his life, buying and selling things. Its result was that he had earned a lot of money and had become rich. (बूढ़े आदमी ने पूरे जीवन वस्तुओं को खरीदने और बेचने में कठिन परिश्रम किया। इसका परिणाम यह हुआ कि उसने काफी धन कमा लिया तथा वह धनवान बन गया ।)
In simple words: The old merchant dedicated his life to working hard, buying and selling goods. This lifelong effort resulted in him accumulating a substantial amount of money and becoming wealthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Short answers require conciseness. State the action and its direct result without unnecessary elaboration.

Question 2. what did the old man feelone day?
(एक दिन बूढे व्यक्ति ने क्या अनुभव किया ?)
Answer: One day the old man felt that he had not long to remain in this world and his end was near. He felt the need of disposing his money before his death. (एक दिन बूढे व्यक्ति ने अनुभव किया कि वह इस संसार में अधिक समय तक न रह सकेगा और उसका अन्त निकट है। उसने अपनी मृत्यु से पूर्व अपने धन का प्रबन्ध करने की आवश्यकता अनुभव की ।)
In simple words: One day, the old man realized his death was approaching. This made him feel an urgent need to arrange for the proper distribution of his wealth before he passed away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the character's internal realization and the immediate consequence of that realization, as requested by "what did he feel" and "need."

Question 3. To whom did the old man want to give all his money?
(बूढा व्यक्ति सारा धन किसको देना चाहता था ?)
Answer: The old man wanted to give all his money to one of his sons who proved himself to be the cleverer of the two. (बूढा व्यक्ति अपना सारा धन अपने उस पुत्र को देना चाहता था जो स्वयं को दोनों में अधिक चतुर सिद्ध कर दे।)
In simple words: The old man wished to give his entire fortune to the son who would prove himself to be the more intelligent and wiser of his two children.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the core condition or criterion for the inheritance, which in this case is "cleverer."

Question 4. what was the problem before the old man? How did he solve it?
(बूढे व्यक्ति के सामने क्या समस्या थी? उसने इसे कैसे हल किया ?)
Or
What did the merchant finally decide ?
(व्यापारी ने अंत में क्या निर्णय किया ?)
Answer: The problem before the old man was to find out which of the two sons was cleverer. He solved it by giving them a test. (उसके सामने समस्या अधिक चतुर पुत्र को ढूंढने की थी। उसने उनकी परीक्षा लेकर इसे हल किया।)
In simple words: The old man's dilemma was to discern which of his two sons possessed greater wisdom. He resolved this by devising a test to evaluate their intelligence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both the problem and its solution as asked. A concise answer shows a good grasp of the plot points.

Question 5. what did he say to his sons in the lesson “Torch Bearers'?
(उसने Torch Bearers नामक पाठ में अपने पुत्रों से क्या कहा ?)
Answer: He gave his two sons one rupee each. He asked them to go separately and buy something in a couple of days which would fill the whole house. (उसने अपने दोनों पुत्रों को एक-एक रुपया दिया और उनसे अलग-अलग जाने तथा कुछ ही दिन के अन्दर ऐसी वस्तु खरीदने को कहा जो सारा घर भर दे।)
In simple words: In 'Torch Bearers', the merchant gave each son one rupee and instructed them to individually buy an item within a few days that could completely fill their house.

🎯 Exam Tip: When quoting instructions or dialogue, ensure accuracy in the main points of the command given by the character.

Question 6. what did the first son do after taking a rupee?
(रुपया लेकर पहले पुत्र ने क्या किया ?)
Answer: The first son wandered in the market here and there. He did not think much and bought a load of hay for a rupee. (पहला पुत्र बाजार में इधर-उधर घूमता रहा। उसने अधिक नहीं सोचा और एक गाड़ी भरकर भूसा खरीदा ।)
In simple words: After receiving his rupee, the first son impulsively bought a cartload of hay without much thought, hoping it would fulfill his father's condition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast the actions of the first son with the second son (if relevant) to highlight their different approaches and decision-making processes.

Question 7. what did the second son do before buying anything?
(कोई भी वस्तु खरीदने से पूर्व दूसरे पुत्र ने क्या किया ?)
Answer: Before buying anything the second son who was really clever, sat down and thought about what he should buy with his rupee. (कोई भी वस्तु खरीदने से पूर्व दूसरा पुत्र जो कि वास्तव में चतुर था, बैठ गया और उसने यह सोचा कि उसे अपने रुपये का क्या खरीदना चाहिए ।)
In simple words: Before making any purchase, the clever second son took the time to sit down and carefully consider what item he should buy with his rupee to fulfill his father's challenge.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the "thinking" aspect of the second son's action, as it's key to why he succeeded where his brother failed.

Question 8. what happened when the second son lit the candles?"
(जब दूसरे पुत्र ने मोमबत्तियाँ जलाईं तब क्या हुआ?)
Answer: The second son stood two or three candles in each room. When he lit the candles, the whole house was filled with light. (दूसरे पुत्र ने प्रत्येक कमरे में दो या तीन मोमबत्तियाँ लगा दी। जब उसने मोमबत्तियाँ जलाईं तो सारा घर प्रकाश से भर गया ।)
In simple words: When the second son lit the candles he had purchased, the entire house was instantly illuminated, successfully filling every room with light, thus fulfilling his father's challenge.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the immediate and complete effect of his action ("at once," "whole house filled") to convey the success of his wise choice.

Question 9. How did the second son prove that he was more intelligent than his elder brother?
(दूसरे पुत्र ने यह कैसे सिद्ध किया कि वह अपने बड़े भाई की अपेक्षा अधिक चतुर है ?)
Or
How did the second son show true wisdom?
(दूसरे पुत्र ने सच्ची बुद्धिमानी कैसे दिखाई ?)
Or
which of the two sons of the merchant was wiser and how?
(व्यापारी के दोनों पुत्रों में से कौन-सा पुत्र अधिक बुद्धिमान था और कैसे ?)
Answer: The second son purchased a few candles with his rupee and filled the entire house with their light. Thus, he proved that he was more intelligent than his elder brother. (दूसरे पुत्र ने अपने रुपये की कुछ मोमबत्तियाँ खरीदीं तथा उनके प्रकाश से पूरा घर भर दिया। इस प्रकार उसने सिद्ध कर दिया कि वह अपने बड़े भाई से अधिक बुद्धिमान है ।)
In simple words: The second son demonstrated his intelligence by using his single rupee to buy candles, which, when lit, filled the entire house with light—a far more effective and profound way to "fill" the house than his brother's hay.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing characters, explicitly state the contrasting actions and highlight how one's approach was superior, linking it to the concept of intelligence or wisdom.

Question 10. what did his father say to him?
(उसके पिता ने उससे क्या कहा ?)
Answer: His father said that he had shown true wisdom and he was cleverer than his brother. Therefore, he would give all his money to him. (उसके पिता ने कहा कि उसने सच्ची बुद्धिमानी दिखायी है तथा वह अपने भाई से अधिक चतुर है। इसलिए वह उसे सारा धन देगा।).
In simple words: The father praised his second son, acknowledging his true wisdom and superior intelligence compared to his brother. As a result, the father declared his intention to bequeath all his wealth to this wise son.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the father's direct statement and the immediate consequence of that declaration regarding the inheritance.

Question 11. How can we prove to be a good citizen of our country?
(हम अपने देश के अच्छे नागरिक कैसे सिद्ध हो सकते हैं ?)
Answer: We can prove to be a good citizen of our country by using our powers and abilities in the service of the country. (हम अपनी शक्तियों और योग्यताओं को देश की सेवा में प्रयोग करके अपने देश के अच्छे नागरिक सिद्ध हो सकते हैं।)
In simple words: We can demonstrate good citizenship by actively using our inherent powers and abilities to serve our country, contributing positively to its progress.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked "how can we prove," ensure your answer clearly outlines actions and their impact, directly linking them to the definition of a good citizen.

Question 12. what does a good citizen do?
(एक अच्छा नागरिक क्या करता है ?)
Or
Why should we try to become good citizens?
(हमें अच्छे नागरिक बनने का प्रयास क्यों करना चाहिए ?)
Or
Why do we need to become good citizens?
(हमें अच्छे नागरिक बनने की आवश्यकता क्यों है ?)
Answer: A good citizen loves and serves his country. He uses his powers and abilities to try to spread light into all parts of his country. So we need to become good citizens. (एक अच्छा नागरिक अपने देश से प्यार करता है और उसकी सेवा करता है। वह अपनी योग्यताओं और क्षमताओं से देश के कोने-कोने में प्रकाश फैलाना चाहता है। अतः हमें अच्छा नागरिक होने की आवश्यकता है।)
In simple words: A good citizen is someone who loves and serves their country, using their skills to spread knowledge and positive influence nationwide. We need good citizens because their actions illuminate and benefit every corner of the nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the actions of a good citizen (love, service, spreading light) with the rationale for why such citizens are necessary (national benefit, progress). This addresses both parts of the question.

Question 13. Kindness, strength, intelligence, honesty, courage, understanding, good health. Listed above are the powers of body, mind and character. Classify them under the three heads.
(ऊपर शरीर, मस्तिष्क तथा चरित्र की शक्तियों की सूची दी गयी है। उन्हें तीन शीर्षकों में विभाजित कीजिए ।)
Answer:
1. Powers of Body-strength, good health.
2. Powers of Mind-intelligence, understanding.
3. Powers of Character-kindness, courage, honesty.
In simple words: The given qualities can be categorized: physical strength and good health fall under "Powers of Body"; intelligence and understanding belong to "Powers of Mind"; and kindness, courage, and honesty represent "Powers of Character."

🎯 Exam Tip: When classifying items, ensure each item is placed under only one category and that all provided items are accounted for. Clearly label each category.

Question 14. How can we use these powers and abilities to spread light over all parts of our country?
(देश के सभी भागों में ज्ञान फैलाने के लिए हमें इन शक्तियों और योग्यताओं का किस प्रकार प्रयोग करना चाहिए ?)
Or
How can we fill our country with the light of good citizenship?
(हम अच्छी नागरिकता के प्रकाश से अपने देश को कैसे भर सकते हैं?)
Or
How can we serve our country as good citizens ? Ur How can we serve our country as good citizens?
(एक अच्छे नागरिक के रूप में हम अपने देश की कैसे सेवा कर सकते हैं?) .
Answer: We can use these powers and abilities to spread light over all parts of our country by becoming good citizens and by spending ourselves in the service of our country. (हम अच्छे नागरिक बनकर तथा अपने को देश की सेवा में लगाकर इन शक्तियों और योग्यताओं का प्रयोग देश के सभी भागों में प्रकाश फैलाने में कर सकते हैं।)
In simple words: We can illuminate our nation by becoming good citizens and dedicating our powers and abilities to its service. This involves using our skills to spread knowledge and progress throughout the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the active role of citizens ("becoming good citizens," "spending ourselves in service") as the means to achieve the goal of spreading "light" (knowledge/progress).

Question 15. What have 'hay' and 'light been compared to ?
(Hay और Light की तुलना किससे की गयी है?)
Answer: 'Hay' has been compared to useless works and light' has been compared to good deeds and service of the country. ('भूसे की तुलना व्यर्थ के कार्यों और 'प्रकाश' की तुलना अच्छे कार्यों और देश-सेवा से की गयी है ।)
In simple words: In the context of the lesson, 'hay' symbolizes unproductive or useless endeavors, while 'light' represents valuable contributions like good deeds and devoted service to one's country.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for comparisons, clearly state what each term is equated to. This shows understanding of the symbolic meaning within the text.

Vocabulary

(a) Fill in the blanks with the words given below :
Words: insisted, piled up, given up, covered

Answer:
1. He has given up all hopes of his success.
2. His father insisted that he should work hard.
3. The old man covered his body with a shawl.
4. A number of books were piled up in his room.

(b) Use the following words and phrases in your own sentences :
couple of days, led off, instead of, unless, give up, take leave.

Answer:
1. He remained senseless for a couple of days.
2. Indians were led off by Mahatma Gandhi.
3. Send me a cheque instead of cash.
4. Unless you work hard, you cannot pass.
5. Shyam has given up bad habits.
6. To take leave he went to his principal.

Part II: Guru Nanak And Mardana

Comprehension Questions On Paragraphs

In the examination paper, there are asked only two questions from each paragraph. Given below are some more questions for extra practice. Read the following passages and answer the questions put there upon :

(1) A story is told of- throughout the country'. [From passage 1]

Question 1. Why were Guru Nanak and Mardana forced to spend the night in the open ?
(गुरु नानक और मरदाना रात्रि खुले स्थान पर बिताने को क्यों बाध्य हुए ?)
2. What did Guru Nanak say when he left the first village ?
(जब गुरु नानक ने पहले गाँव से प्रस्थान किया, उन्होंने क्या कहा ?)
3. What kind of reception did they get in the next village?
(अगले गाँव में उनका स्वागत कैसे किया गया ?)
Answers: 1. Guru Nanak and Mardana were forced to spend the night in the open because the village people did not allow them to stay in the village at night. (गुरु नानक और मरदाना रात्रि खुले स्थान पर बिताने को इसलिए बाध्य हुए क्योंकि गाँव के लोगों ने उनको रात्रि में गाँव में रहने की अनुमति नहीं दी ।) 2. Guru Nanak prayed for them, "The people of this village may always stay in this village”. (गुरु नानक ने उनके लिए प्रार्थना की कि, “इस गाँव के लोग सदा यहीं बसे रहें।") 3. The people of the next village welcomed them, treated them kindly, found them a place to stay for night and gave food to eat. (दूसरे गाँव के लोगों ने उनका सत्कार किया, उनके साथ दयापूर्ण व्यवहार किया, रात्रि को रुकने के लिए उनको स्थान दिया तथा खाने के लिए भोजन दिया ।)
In simple words: Guru Nanak and Mardana were forced to sleep outside because the first village denied them shelter due to their inhospitable nature. Upon leaving, Guru Nanak wished the rude villagers would remain confined to their village. In contrast, the next village welcomed them warmly with food and lodging.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing events, clearly state the cause-and-effect relationships, such as why Guru Nanak and Mardana had to stay in the open and what Guru Nanak's reaction was to both villages.

(2) But this was too much -light to other places.” [From passage 1 ]

Question 2. 1. What was too much to bear for Mardana ?
(मरदाना के लिए क्या सहने योग्य नहीं था ?)
2. Why did Mardana protest?
(मरदाना ने विरोध क्यों किया?)
3. What, according to Mardana, should Guru Nanak have prayed ?
(मरदाना के अनुसार गुरु नानक को क्या प्रार्थना करनी चाहिए थी ?)
4. Why was it better for the inhospitable people to stay in one place?
(आतिथ्य विमुख व्यक्तियों का एक ही स्थान पर ठहरना क्यों अधिक अच्छा था?)
5. Why are good people too good to be left in one place?
(अच्छे व्यक्तियों का एक ही स्थान पर क्यों नहीं छोड़ा जा सकता ?)
6. Why according to Guru Nanak, the good people should be scattered throughout the country?
(गुरु नानक के अनुसार अच्छे लोग पूरे देश में क्यों फैले होने चाहिए ?)
Answers: 1. Guru Nanak prayed good things for the people who treated them badly and misfortunes for those who treated them well. This was too much to bear for Mardana. (गुरु नानक ने उन लोगों की भलाई के लिए, जिन्होंने उनसे बुरा व्यवहार किया था, भगवान् से प्रार्थना की। साथ-साथ गुरु नानक ने उन लोगों के लिए आपदा की प्रार्थना की जिन्होंने उनसे अच्छा व्यवहार किया था। यह बात मरदाना के लिए असहनीय थी ।) 2. Mardana protested because Guru Nanak had prayed for the good people to scatter all over the country. (मरदाना ने विरोध किया क्योंकि गुरु नानक ने अच्छे व्यक्तियों के लिए प्रार्थना की थी कि वे पूरे देश में फैल जाएँ।) 3. Guru Nanak should have prayed for the inhospitable people to be scattered over the country and good people to remain comfortably where they are. (गुरु नानक को आतिथ्य विमुख व्यक्तियों के लिए प्रार्थना करनी चाहिए थी कि वे पूरे देश में फैल जाएँ और अच्छे व्यक्ति आराम से वहीं रहें, जहाँ वे हैं ।) 4. It was better for the inhospitable and selfish people to stay in one place so that they might do harm only there. (यह अधिक अच्छा था कि आतिथ्य विमुख व्यक्ति तथा स्वार्थी लोग एक ही स्थान पर ठहरे रहें ताकि वे केवल वहीं हानि पहुँचा सकें ।) 5. Good people are too good to be left in one place because they have some thing which is needed everywhere. (अच्छे व्यक्तियों को एक ही स्थान पर नहीं छोड़ा जा सकता, क्योंकि उनके पास कुछ ऐसी वस्तु होती हैं जिसकी सभी स्थानों पर आवश्यकता होती है।) 6. According to Guru Nanak, good people should be scattered through out the country as their influence and their character will be of benefit to others. (गुरु नानक के अनुसार, अच्छे लोग पूरे देश में फैल जाने चाहिए। उनके प्रभाव व चरित्र से दूसरे लोग लाभान्वित होंगे ।)
In simple words: Mardana found it unbearable that Guru Nanak prayed for the good people to scatter while wishing the rude ones to stay put. Mardana believed the inhospitable should disperse and the good remain. Guru Nanak explained that bad people's negative influence should be contained, while good people's virtues, being needed everywhere, should spread to benefit others.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing a dialogue or exchange, explain both characters' perspectives. For Guru Nanak's reasoning, focus on the rationale behind spreading good influence and containing bad influence.

(3) Now we have to see - country be as a whole. [From passage 2 ]

Question 3. 1. What type of life should we lead?
(हमें किस प्रकार का जीवन व्यतीत करना चाहिए ?)
2. What should be our influence on others?
(दूसरों पर हमारा प्रभाव कैसा होना चाहिए ?)
3. What makes a country more enlightened ?
(किसी देश को कौन-सी बात अधिक प्रकाशमय बनाती है ?)
4. What type of citizens should we grow into?
(हमें किस प्रकार का नागरिक बनना चाहिए ?)
5. For being good citizens, what must we carry?
(अच्छा नागरिक बनने के लिए हमें अपने साथ क्या ले जाना चाहिए ?)
Answer: 1. We should lead a life full of light. (हमें प्रकाश से भरपूर जीवन व्यतीत करना चाहिए।) 2. Our influence on others should be for good and not for bad. (दूसरों पर हमारा प्रभाव भलाई के लिए होना चाहिए, बुराई के लिए नहीं।) 3. Greater number of good citizens make a country more enlightened. (अच्छे नागरिकों की अधिक संख्या किसी देश को अधिक प्रकाशमय बनाती है ।) 4. We should grow into such citizens that people will want the light of our character and our influence everywhere. (हमें ऐसा नागरिक बनना चाहिए कि अन्य लोगों को हमारे चरित्र और प्रभाव के प्रकाश की आवश्यकता प्रत्येक स्थान पर हो ।) 5. For being good citizens we must carry light with us wherever we go and not darkness. (अच्छा नागरिक बनने के लिए जहाँ भी हम जाएँ अपने साथ प्रकाश ले जाना चाहिए अन्धकार नहीं।)
In simple words: We should lead enlightened lives, influencing others positively, as more good citizens make a country brighter. We must embody qualities that inspire others, carrying the "light" of good character and influence everywhere to avoid spreading "darkness" (negative impact).

🎯 Exam Tip: This question emphasizes active citizenship. Ensure your answer highlights how individual actions collectively contribute to national enlightenment and well-being.

(4) A chain is as strong - will be full of light. [From passage 3 ]

Question 4. 1. What does the author mean when he says, “A chain is as strong as its weakest link." ?
(“एक जंजीर उतनी ही मजबूत होती है जितनी उसकी सबसे कमजोर कड़ी,” से लेखक का क्या तात्पर्य है ?)
2. What will happen if we are weak and poor citizens?
(यदि हम कमजोर और गरीब नागरिक होंगे तब क्या होगा ?)
3. Why should all the candles burn brightly ?
(सभी मोमबत्तियाँ तेजी से क्यों जलनी चाहिए ?)
4. Write the name of the lesson from which the above passage has been taken. Who is the writer of this lesson ?
(उपर्युक्त गद्यांश जिस पाठ से लिया गया है उसका नाम लिखिए। इस पाठ के लेखक कौन हैं ?)
Answer: 1. The author means that our country is a chain and each one of us is a link in it. If any one of us is weak, the country will be weak (लेखक का तात्पर्य है कि हमारा देश एक जंजीर के समान है और हममें से प्रत्येक इसकी एक कड़ी हैं। यदि हम में से एक भी व्यक्ति कमजोर होगा तब देश कमजोर होगा।) 2. If we are weak and poor citizens, our country will suffer. (यदि हम कमजोर और गरीब नागरिक होंगे तब देश कष्ट भोगेगा ।) 3. All the candles should burn brightly so that the whole house should be full of light. (सभी मोमबत्तियाँ उज्ज्वलता से जलनी चाहिए ताकि पूरे मकान में रोशनी हो ।) 4. The above passage has been taken from the lesson ‘Torch Bearers'. The writer of this lesson is W. M. Ryburn. (उपर्युक्त गद्यांश “Torch Bearers' नामक पाठ से लिया गया है। इस पाठ के लेखक W.M. Ryburn हैं ।)
In simple words: The author metaphorically compares our country to a chain, where each citizen is a link. A weak link, or weak citizen, weakens the entire nation, leading to suffering. Therefore, all citizens (like candles) must "burn brightly" with good character to ensure the whole country is filled with positive light. This passage is from 'Torch Bearers' by W.M. Ryburn.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain metaphors fully by relating both parts of the comparison (chain-country, link-citizen) and connecting them to the consequences discussed in the text. Remember to mention the author and lesson name.

(5) Each of us, there fore, - games were going on. [From passage 3]

Question 5. 1. What is the responsibility of each one of us ?
(हममें से प्रत्येक की क्या जिम्मेदारी है ?)
2. Where were the Olympic Games held in 1948 ? Where was the flame carried from?
(1948 के ओलम्पिक गेम्स कहाँ हुए थे ? मशाल कहाँ से ले जायी गयी थी ?)
3. Why was a flame carried to London from Greece alone and why not from any other country?
(केवल ग्रीस से ही क्यों मशाल लन्दन ले जायी गयी और किसी अन्य देश से क्यों नहीं ?)
4. What was the duty of each runner, carrying the lighted torch?
(जलती हुई मशाल लिये प्रत्येक धावक का क्या कर्त्तव्य था ?)
5. How was the flame carried all along its way from Greece to London ?
(ग्रीस से लन्दन पूरे रास्ते मशाल कैसे ले जायी गयी ?)
Answer: 1. Each one of us has the responsibility of being a good citizen. We must see that our particular link in the chain is not a weak one. (हममें से प्रत्येक को कर्तव्य है कि हम अच्छे नागरिक बनें। जंजीर की जो कड़ी हम हैं, वह कमजोर नहीं होनी चाहिए।) 2. The Olympic Games in 1948 were held in London. The flame was carried from Greece. (सन् 1948 के ओलम्पिक खेल लन्दन में हुए थे। मशाल ग्रीस से लायी गयी थी।) 3. The flame to London was carried from Greece only and not from any other country because the Olympic Games used to be held in Greece in times long age. (मशाल किसी और देश से नहीं बल्कि ग्रीस से ही लन्दन इसलिए लायी गयी थी, क्योंकि बहुत समय पहले से ओलम्पिक खेल ग्रीस में ही आयोजित किए जाते थे ।) 4. The duty of each runner carrying the lighted torch was to run a certain distance where a fresh runner was waiting for him. (जलती मशाल लिये प्रत्येक धावक को एक निश्चित दूरी दौड़कर जाना था जहाँ दूसरा धावक उसकी प्रतीक्षा में था।) 5. The flame was carried all along its way from Greece to London across Europe by a long relay of runners. (ग्रीस से लन्दन तक मशाल पूरा यूरोप पार करते हुए धावकों के एक बड़े दल के द्वारा लायी गयी थी ।)
In simple words: Our responsibility is to be strong citizens, like a robust link in a chain. The 1948 Olympics were in London, with the flame carried from Greece, where the ancient games originated. Each runner's duty was to carry the torch a set distance before passing it to the next, with the flame traveling across Europe via a relay.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a question has multiple parts (e.g., location, origin, reason), ensure each part is explicitly answered. For historical facts, accuracy in dates and places is important.

(6) Although nothing us said - ..wants to do that. [From passage 4]

Question 6. 1. What happened accidentally at one place according to the author?
(लेखक के अनुसार एक स्थान पर क्या दुर्घटना हो गयी ?)
2. What must have been the effect of the accident on the person who caused it?
(उस व्यक्ति पर इस दुर्घटना का क्या प्रभाव हुआ होगा जिसके साथ यह दुर्घटना हुई ?)
3. What is our duty after we have completed our education ?
(अपनी शिक्षा पूर्ण करने के बाद हमारा क्या कर्तव्य होता है ?)
Answer: 1. One runner, when handing over his torch to a fresh runner, let it go out. (एक धावक ने दूसरे धावक को अपनी मशाल सौंपते समय मशाल बुझ जाने दी ।) 2. The person would have felt ashamed of himself. (वह व्यक्ति स्वयं में बहुत शर्मिन्दा हुआ होगा ।) 3. After we complete our education, it is our duty to pass on our knowledge and skill in the service of our country. (अपनी शिक्षा पूरी करने के उपरान्त यह हमारा कर्तव्य बनता है कि हम अपने ज्ञान एवं कौशल को देश सेवा में लगायें ।)
In simple words: According to the author, a runner accidentally let the torch extinguish while passing it, causing them great shame. Our duty after education is to share our knowledge and skills with others, serving our country by passing on our "flame" of wisdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the incident with its emotional impact and then draw the broader lesson or duty from it. This shows comprehensive understanding of the text's message.

(7) Each one of us - service of our country. [From passage 4 ]

Question 7. 1. What powers do we have to use in the service of our country?
(हमारे पास देश की सेवा में प्रयोग करने के लिए कौन-सी शक्तियाँ हैं ?)
2. What do we carry as we leave school?
(जब हम स्कूल छोड़ते हैं तब अपने साथ क्या ले जाते हैं ?)
In simple words: We possess powers of knowledge and skill that we must utilize in our country's service. As we leave school, we carry with us a symbolic "flame" of these talents, which we are responsible for passing on to others for the betterment of the nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering about "powers," consider both inherent abilities and learned skills. The "flame" metaphor is central, so explain its meaning in the context of passing on knowledge.

Question 2.
What have we to pass on to others?
(दूसरों तक ले जाने के लिए हमारे पास क्या है ?)
3.How shall we serve our country as good citizens ?
(अच्छे नागरिक के रूप में हम अपने देश की सेवा कैसे करेंगे ?)
4. What will happen if we do not use our knowledge and skill in the service of our country?
(यदि हम अपना ज्ञान और कौशल देश की सेवा में प्रयोग नहीं करेंगे तब क्या होगा ?)
5. What should we do to keep alight the torch that has been given to us ?
(जो मशाल हमें दी गई है उसको जलती रखने के लिए हमें क्या करना चाहिए ?)
Answer: 1. We have the powers of knowledge and skill to use in the service of our country.
(देश की सेवा में प्रयोग करने के लिए हमारे पास ज्ञान और कौशल की शक्तियाँ हैं ।) 2. We carry a flame to pass
on to others when we leave school. (जब हम स्कूल छोड़ते हैं तब हम दूसरों
तक (UPBoardSolutions.com) पहुँचाने के लिए अपने साथ एक मशाल लेकर जाते हैं ।) 3. We shall serve
our country by passing on our knowledge and skill to others. (हम अपने ज्ञान और कौशल को दूसरों
तक पहुँचा कर अपने देश की सेवा कर सकते हैं ।) 4. If we do not use our knowledge and skill, the
flame will go out. (यदि हम अपने ज्ञान और कौशल को प्रयोग नहीं करेंगे तब मशाल बुझ जाएगी ।) 5. To keep
alight the torch, we should train ourselves for citizenship and service of our country. (मशाल
को जलती रखने के लिए हमें स्वयं को नागरिकता और देश की सेवा के लिए प्रशिक्षित करना चाहिए।)
In simple words: We must share our knowledge and skills to serve our country and ensure the flame of good citizenship continues to burn. Training ourselves is key to keeping this torch alight.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on understanding the collective responsibility of citizens to maintain and spread knowledge and service for national progress.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions in about 60 words:

Question 1.
How did the people of the two villages treat Guru Nanak and Mardana? What did Guru
Nanak say about them?
(दोनों गाँवों के व्यक्तियों ने गुरु नानक और मरदाना के साथ कैसा व्यवहार किया ? गुरु नानक ने उनके विषय में क्या कहा
?)
Or
What did Guru Nanak experience in the two villages? What was his reaction to them?
(गुरु नानक ने दोनों गाँवों में क्या अनुभव किया ? उनके प्रति उनकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया थी ?)
Or
Relate the story of Guru Nanak and Mardana in your own words.
(गुरु नानक और उनके शिष्य मरदाना की कहानी अपने शब्दों में लिखिए ।)
Or
How did the people of the second village treat their visitors ? What did Guru Nanak pray for
them?
(दूसरे गाँव के लोगों ने आगन्तुकों के साथ कैसा व्यवहार किया ? गुरु नानक ने उनके लिए क्या प्रार्थना की ?)
Answer: Once Guru Nanak and his disciple Mardana came to a village for night-stay. The
villagers were rude and inhospitable to them. They did not allow them to stay anywhere in
the village. The next night they came to another village. The villagers, there, were nice.
They gave them food to eat and a place to stay at night. Guru Nanak prayed for the rude
and inhospitable villagers that they might always stay in their village itself. For the people
of the other village, Guru Nanak wished that they might be scattered throughout the
country. Thus Guru Nanak wished that good people should be scattered because their
goodness is needed everywhere. Thus he taught Mardana the lesson of greatness of
heart. (एक बार गुरु नानक और उनका शिष्य मरदाना रात्रि विश्राम के लिए एक गाँव में पहुँचे । गाँव के लोग असत्कारी
तथा अशिष्ट निकले। उन्होंने उन दोनों को रात भर के लिए गाँव में कहीं भी रुकने नहीं दिया। अगली रात वे दूसरे गाँव में
आए। यहाँ (UPBoardSolutions.com) के लोग भले थे। उन्होंने उनको खाने के लिए भोजन तथा रात्रि-विश्राम के
लिए स्थान भी दिया। गुरु नानक ने भगवान् से प्रार्थना की कि पहले गाँव के असत्कारी तथा अशिष्ट लोग अपने गाँव में ही
बसे रहें। दूसरे गाँव के लोगों के लिए उन्होंने प्रार्थना की कि वे पूरे देश में बिखर जाएँ। इस प्रकार गुरु नानक ने शुभकामना
की कि अच्छे लोग फैल जाएँ क्योंकि उनकी भलाई की सभी स्थानों पर आवश्यकता है। इस प्रकार उन्होंने मरदाना को
हृदय की महानता का पाठ पढ़ाया।)
In simple words: Guru Nanak and Mardana were treated poorly in one village but kindly in another. Nanak wished for the rude villagers to stay put and for the good villagers to spread out, explaining that bad influence should be contained, while good influence should be shared widely.

🎯 Exam Tip: When narrating, ensure to clearly distinguish between the treatment received in the two villages and Guru Nanak's specific prayers for each, highlighting the moral lesson about spreading good influences.

Question 2.
what do you learn from the story, Guru Nanak and Murdung'?
(आप 'गुरु नानक और मरदाना' नामक, कहानी से क्या सीखते हैं?)
Answer: Guru Nanak wished bad people to stay in the village. Thus their evil will not
spread to other places. He wished for good people to be scattered all over the country.
Thus their goodness will be carried everywhere. In the same way each one of us has been
given powers of body, mind and character. After leaving school we are tested. If we use
these powers to spread light of knowledge in the whole country, it will be the best service
of the country. Only then we shall be called good citizens. The progress of the country
depends upon good citizens. (गुरु नानक ने बुरे व्यक्तियों को गाँव में ठहरने का आशीर्वाद दिया। इस प्रकार
उनकी बुराई अन्य स्थानों पर नहीं फैलेगी। उन्होंने अच्छे व्यक्तियों के लिए पूरे देश में फैलने की कामना की। इस प्रकार
उनकी भलाई सभी स्थानों पर ले जायी जाएगी। इसी प्रकार हममें से प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को शरीर, मस्तिष्क तथा चरित्र की
शक्ति प्रदान की गयी है। स्कूल छोड़ने के बाद हमारी परीक्षा होती है। यदि हम इन शक्तियों का प्रयोग पूरे संसार में ज्ञान
का प्रकाश फैलाने के लिए करेंगे तब यह देश की सबसे अच्छी सेवा होगी। तभी हम अच्छे नागरिक कहलाएँगे। देश की
उन्नति अच्छे नागरिकों पर निर्भर करती है।)
In simple words: We learn that positive influences should be spread widely, while negative ones should be contained. As citizens, we are entrusted with physical, mental, and moral powers which, when used to spread knowledge and goodness, contribute to national progress.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the narrative lesson directly to the broader message about good citizenship and the responsibility of using one's abilities for national service.

Question 3.
How did Guru Nanak teach his pupil Mardana the lesson of the greatness of heart?
(गुरु नानक ने अपने शिष्य मरदाना को हृदय की विशालता का पाठ कैसे पढ़ाया ?)
Or
Why did Mardana get puzzled? How did Guru Nanak remove his confusion ?
(मरदाना क्यों चकरा गया ? गुरु नानक ने उसको भ्रम कैसे दूर किया ?)
Answer: Mardana was puzzled because Guru Nanak prayed for the people of the first
village to stay at one place. These people had forced them to stay in the open. Guru
Nanak prayed for the gentle people of the second village to be scattered. Mardana thought
just opposite to it. So Guru Nanak taught him that the rude people have some evils which
will affect others. (UPBoardSolutions.com) So they should stay at one place only. But the
people of the second village have such qualities which are needed everywhere. So they
should be scattered to benefit others by their qualities: (मरदाना चकरा गया क्योंकि गुरु नानक ने पहले
गाँव के लोगों के लिए प्रार्थना की कि वे एक ही स्थान पर रुके रहें। इन लोगों ने उन्हें खुले में रहने के लिए विवश किया
था। गुरु नानक ने दूसरे गाँव के सज्जन व्यक्तियों के लिए प्रार्थना की कि वे फैल जाएँ। मरदाना इसके बिलकुल विपरीत
सोचता था। इसलिए गुरु नानक ने उसे शिक्षा दी कि असभ्य लोगों में कुछ बुराइयाँ होती हैं जो दूसरों पर प्रभाव डालती हैं।
इसलिए उन्हें केवल एक ही स्थान पर रुके रहना चाहिए। किन्तु दूसरे गाँव के लोगों में कुछ गुण हैं जिनकी सभी स्थानों पर
आवश्यकता है। इसलिए उन्हें अपने गुणों से दूसरों को लाभ पहुँचाने के लिए फैल जाना चाहिए।)
In simple words: Mardana was confused by Nanak's prayers – wishing rude people to stay put and good people to scatter. Nanak explained that bad influences should be confined to prevent harm, while good qualities should be spread far and wide for the benefit of all.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly articulate Mardana's confusion and Guru Nanak's logical explanation, emphasizing the reasoning behind containing negativity and spreading positivity.

Question 4.
Why does the author make mention of the Olympic Games held in London in 1948 ? What
will happen if a link in the chain is weak?
(लेखक 1948 में लन्दन में हुए ओलम्पिक खेलों का उल्लेख क्यों करता है ? यदि जंजीर की एक कड़ी कमजोर हो तब क्या
होगा ?)
Answer: The author is of the view that a chain is as strong as its weakest link. Each one of
us is a link in the chain, that is our country. The author makes a mention of the Olympic
Games held in London in 1948 to prove his viewpoint. In these games a flame was carried
by a team of runners. Each runner ran with the lighted torch (flame) for a certain distance
where a fresh runner was waiting for him. The new runner lit his torch from the one that
had been carried to him. One runner, when handing over his torch to a fresh runner, let it
go out. He not only felt ashamed but was singled out as a weak link in the chain of runners.
If a link in the chain is weak, the chain will become weak and break. (लेखक इस विचारधारा का
व्यक्ति है कि एक जंजीर उतनी ही मजबूत होती है जितनी उसकी सबसे कमजोर कड़ी । हममें से प्रत्येक एक जंजीर अर्थात्
अपने देश की एक कड़ी है। अपने विचार को व्यक्त करने के लिए लेखक लन्दन में 1948 में
हुए (UPBoardSolutions.com) ओलम्पिक खेलों की व्याख्या करता है। इन खेलों में एक मशाल धावकों की एक
लम्बी कतार द्वारा ले जायी जाती थी। प्रत्येक धावक एक जलती हुई मशाल लेकर उसे निश्चित दूरी तक दौड़ता था जहाँ
दूसरा नया धावक उसकी प्रतीक्षा कर रहा होता था। नया धावक अपने पास तक लायी मशाल से अपनी मशाल जलाता
था। एक धावक ने दूसरे धावक को अपनी मशाल देते समय मशाल को बुझ जाने दिया। वह कितना लज्जित हुआ होगा।
उसने मशाल को बुझ जाने दिया। उसने धावकों की जंजीर को तोड़ दिया था। यदि जंजीर की कोई एक कड़ी कमजोर है
तो जंजीर कमजोर हो जाएगी और टूट जाएगी ।)
In simple words: The author uses the 1948 London Olympic Games torch relay to illustrate that a country, like a chain, is only as strong as its weakest link – its citizens. A single weak citizen can compromise the nation's strength and progress, much like a dropped torch breaks the relay.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the metaphor of the "chain" and "weak link" clearly, using the Olympic torch relay as a vivid example to support the author's point about national strength and individual responsibility.

Question 5.
What does the author mean when he says, ‘A chain is as strong as its weakest link'? Why
does he say so? How can the chain be made strong? What is our duty in this connection
?
(जब लेखक कहता है कि 'एक जंजीर उतनी ही मजबूत होती है जितनी उसकी सबसे कमजोर कड़ी', तो उसका क्या
तात्पर्य होता है ? वह ऐसा क्यों कहता है ? जंजीर को मजबूत कैसे बनाया जा सकता है? हमारा इस सन्दर्भ में क्या कर्तव्य
है?)
Answer: When the author says, A chain is as strong as its weakest link', he means to say
that a weak link makes the whole chain weak. The weakest link will break when the chain
is pulled. Our country is a big chain where every citizen is a link. A weak link makes the
chain weak. Sometimes we think that it doesn't matter what one person does in such a
large country. If one candle goes out, there will be darkness at that place. It is only when all
the candles burn brightly, the whole house will be full of light. So our duty is to be a good
citizen. (जब लेखक कहता है कि “एक जंजीर उतनी ही मजबूत होती है जितनी कि उसकी सबसे कमजोर कड़ी, तो
उसका तात्पर्य है कि एक कमजोर कड़ी पूरी जंजीर को कमजोर बना देती है। जब भी जंजीर को खींचा जायेगा, तो उसकी
सबसे कमजोर कड़ी टूट जायेगी। हमारा देश एक बड़ी जंजीर के समान है जहाँ प्रत्येक नागरिक इसकी एक कड़ी है। एक
कमजोर कड़ी पूरी जंजीर को कमजोर बना देती है। कभी-कभी हम सोचते हैं कि इतने
बड़े (UPBoardSolutions.com) देश में एक व्यक्ति क्या करता है, उसका कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता है। यदि एक
मोमबत्ती बुझ जाये तो उस स्थान पर अँधेरा हो जायेगा। सम्पूर्ण मकान केवल तभी प्रकाशमय हो सकता है। जब इसकी
सभी मोमबत्तियाँ जलें । अतः अच्छा नागरिक बनना हमारा कर्तव्य है ।)
In simple words: The author implies that a nation's strength depends on each citizen, just as a chain's strength depends on each link. If even one citizen fails in their duty, the entire nation is weakened. Our duty is to be responsible citizens, contributing to the collective strength and "light" of the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Elaborate on the analogy between a chain and a country, emphasizing how individual actions, like a candle's light, contribute to the collective well-being and enlightenment of the nation.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Read the following questions and answer them in about 25 words :

Question 1.
Why were Guru Nanak and Mardana forced to spend the night in the open?
(गुरु नानक और मरदाना को खुले में रात क्यों बितानी पड़ी ?)
Answer: Guru Nanak and Mardana were forced to spend the night in the open because
the people of the village were rude and inhospitable. They did not allow them to stay
anywhere in the village. (गुरु नानक और मरदाना को खुले में रात बितानी पड़ी, क्योंकि गाँव के लोग बहुत अशिष्ट
और असत्कारी थे। उन्होंने उन्हें गाँव में कहीं भी नहीं ठहरने दिया।)
In simple words: Guru Nanak and Mardana had to sleep outside because the villagers were unkind and didn't offer them any shelter.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the reason: the villagers' rudeness and inhospitable nature led to the forced outdoor stay.

Question 2.
How did the people of the first village treat Guru Nanak and Mardana ? What did Nanak
say
about them?
(पहले गाँव के लोगों ने गुरु नानक और मरदाना के साथ कैसा व्यवहार किया ? नानक ने उनके बारे में क्या कहा ?).
Answer: The people of the first village treated Guru Nanak and Mardana rudely. So Nanak
said about them that they should always stay in that village. (पहले गाँव के लोगों ने गुरु नानक और
मरदाना के साथ रूखा व्यवहार (UPBoardSolutions.com) किया। अतः नानक ने उनके बारे में कहा कि वे अशिष्ट
लोग सदा गाँव में ही रहें ।)
In simple words: The first village treated Guru Nanak and Mardana poorly, so Nanak prayed for them to remain confined to their village.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to include both the villagers' behavior and Nanak's specific prayer for them.

Question 3.
How did the people of the other village treat their visitors ?
(दूसरे गाँव के लोगों ने आगन्तुकों के साथ कैसा व्यवहार किया ?)
Or
What kind of reception did they get in another village?
(दूसरे गाँव में उनकी किस प्रकार की आवभगत हुई ?)
Answer: The people of the other village welcomed them, treated their visitors kindly, found
them a place to stay for the night, and gave them food to eat. (दूसरे गाँव के लोगों ने आगन्तुकों का
स्वागत किया, उनके साथ अच्छा व्यवहार (UPBoardSolutions.com) किया, रात को रहने को स्थान तथा खाने के
लिए भोजन दिया ।)
In simple words: The second village welcomed Guru Nanak and Mardana warmly, offering them a place to stay and food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the positive actions: welcoming, kindness, providing shelter, and food.

Question 4.
what did Nanak say or pray about the people of the other village?
(नानक ने दूसरे गाँव के व्यक्तियों के बारे में क्या कहा या क्या प्रार्थना की ?)
Answer: Nanak wished for the people of the other village that they might spread over the
whole country and should not remain at one place. (नानक ने उनके लिए कामना की कि वे पूरे देश में
फैल जाएँ और एक ही स्थान पर न रहें ।)
In simple words: Guru Nanak prayed that the kind people of the second village would scatter across the country, spreading their goodness everywhere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note Nanak's specific prayer for dispersion, contrasting it with his prayer for the first village.

Question 5.
What did Mardana ask Guru Nanak?
(मरदाना ने गुरु नानक से क्या पूछा ?
Answer: Mardana asked Guru Nanak why he wished good for the people who treated
them badly and ill for those who treated them so well. (मरदाना ने गुरु नानक से पूछा कि उन्होंने बुरे
लोगों का भला और अच्छे लोगों का बुरा क्यों चाहा ।)
In simple words: Mardana was confused and asked Guru Nanak why he prayed for good things for the rude villagers and bad things for the kind ones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately capture Mardana's question about the apparent contradiction in Nanak's prayers.

Question 6.
who was Mardana ? why did he get puzzled (unhappy)?
(मरदाना कौन था ? वह क्यों चकरा गया ?) ।
Answer: Mardana was a disciple of Guru Nanak. He was puzzled because he could not
understand why the Guru had wished for the bad people to remain in the village and good
people to spread in the whole country. (मरदाना गुरु नानक का शिष्य था। वह इसलिए चकरा गया क्योंकि
वह यह (UPBoardSolutions.com) नहीं समझ सका कि गुरु जी ने बुरे लोगों के लिए अपने गाँव में ही बने रहने और
अच्छे लोगों के लिए सारे देश में बिखर जाने की प्रार्थना क्यों की।)
In simple words: Mardana, Guru Nanak's disciple, was puzzled by Nanak's prayers that the rude villagers stay put while the good villagers scatter across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define Mardana's relationship with Nanak and explicitly state the specific reason for his confusion.

Question 7.
Why did Guru Nanak want the inhospitable and selfish people to stay - in one place?

(गुरु नानक असत्कारी तथा स्वार्थी लोगों के एक ही स्थान पर रुके रहना क्यों चाहते थे ?)
Or
Why did Guru Nanak think it better for the inhospitable people to stay in one place?
(गुरु नानक ने असत्कारी लोगों को एक स्थान पर बसे रहने को क्यों उपयुक्त समझा ?)
Answer: Guru Nanak wanted the inhospitable and selfish people to stay in one place so
that their evil might harm only at that place. (गुरु नानक चाहते थे कि असत्कारी तथा स्वार्थी व्यक्ति एक ही
स्थान पर रुके रहें ताकि उनकी बुराइयाँ उसी स्थान पर हानि पहुँचा सकें ।)
In simple words: Guru Nanak wanted inhospitable and selfish people to remain in one place so that their negative influence and harm would be contained and not spread to others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the concept of containing negative influence; Nanak's prayer was to prevent harm from spreading.

Question 8.
Why should good people not stay at one place?
(अच्छे लोगों को एक ही स्थान पर क्यों नहीं रुकना चाहिए ?)
Or
What was Guru Nanak's reply to his disciple ?
(अपने शिष्य को गुरु नानक का क्या उत्तर था ?)
Answer: Good people should not stay at one place because other people will not be
befitted by their goodness while goodness is needed everywhere. (अच्छे लोगों को एक ही स्थान
पर नहीं ठहरने देना चाहिए क्योंकि ऐसा करने से दूसरे लोग उनके गुणों का लाभ न पा सकेंगे जबकि सज्जनता की सभी
जगह आवश्यकता है ।)
In simple words: Good people should spread out because their positive qualities and influence are needed everywhere, benefiting a wider community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the benefit of spreading goodness widely for collective welfare.

Question 9.
Why did Guru Nanak pray for the people of the second village to be scattered through out
the country?
(गुरु नानक ने दूसरे गाँव के लोगों के लिए यह प्रार्थना क्यों की कि वे पूरे देश में फैल जाएँ?)
Answer: Guru Nanak prayed for the people of the second village to be scattered
throughout the country because their goodness is needed everywhere. (गुरु नानक ने दूसरे गाँव
के लोगों के लिए प्रार्थना की कि वे पूरे देश (UPBoardSolutions.com) में फैल जाएँ क्योंकि उनकी भलाई की सभी
स्थानों पर आवश्यकता है।)
In simple words: Guru Nanak prayed for the good people of the second village to spread across the country because their positive influence and kindness were needed everywhere.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core reason is the universal need for their goodness; good influence should not be localized.

Question 10.
'we must be carrying light with us wherever we go.' what does the author mean by this
statement?
('हम जहाँ कहीं भी जाएँ हमें ज्ञान ले जाना चाहिए। इस कथन से लेखक का क्या आशय है ?)
Answer: We should spread knowledge and goodness everywhere by our good deeds, it
means we should do good works wherever we go. (हम अपने अच्छे कार्यों के द्वारा ज्ञान और अच्छाइयों
का सर्वत्र प्रसार करें, अर्थात् हम हर जगह अच्छे कार्य करें ।)
In simple words: This statement means we should always spread knowledge and perform good deeds, acting as a source of positive influence wherever we are.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain "carrying light" as spreading knowledge and doing good, highlighting the active role citizens play.

Question 11.
why have we been compared to a chain?
(हमारी तुलना जंजीर से क्यों की गयी है ?)
Answer: We have been compared to a chain because a nation is built by its citizens as a
chain is made by its links. (हमारी जंजीर से तुलना इसलिए की गयी है, क्योंकि जिस प्रकार कड़ियों से मिलकर
जंजीर बनती है, उसी प्रकार नागरिकों से मिलकर राष्ट्र बनता है ।)
In simple words: We are compared to a chain because, like a chain made of links, a nation is formed and strengthened by its individual citizens.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the analogy: citizens are the "links" that collectively form and strengthen the "chain" (nation).

Question 12.
what will happen if a link in a chain is weak?
(यदि किसी जंजीर की कड़ी कमजोर हो तब क्या होगा ?)
Answer: A weak link makes the whole chain weak because chain may break at that point.
So, a chain is as strong as its weakest link. (जंजीर की एक कमजोर कड़ी सम्पूर्ण जंजीर को कमजोर
बनाती है, (UPBoardSolutions.com) क्योंकि जंजीर वहीं से टूट सकती है। इसलिए एक जंजीर उतनी ही मजबूत
होती है जितनी कि उसकी सबसे कमजोर कड़ी ।)
In simple words: If one link in a chain is weak, the entire chain becomes weak and can break at that point, symbolizing how a weak citizen can undermine a nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the weakness of a single link directly to the vulnerability of the entire chain, and extend this to the nation's strength.

Question 13.
why has a good citizen been called a center of light?
(एक अच्छे नागरिक को 'प्रकाश-केन्द्र' क्यों कहा गया है?)
Answer: A good citizen has been called a center of light because his good character
influences everybody everywhere. (एक अच्छे नागरिक को प्रकाश-केन्द्र कहा गया है, क्योंकि उसका अच्छा
चरित्र सभी को सभी जगह प्रभावित करता है।)
In simple words: A good citizen is called a center of light because their strong character and positive influence spread widely, inspiring and guiding others like a beacon.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that "light" here signifies positive influence, character, and guidance that spreads to benefit others.

Question 14.
What will happen if we do not pass the flame of knowledge and skill to others?
(यदि हम ज्ञान और कौशल की ज्वाला दूसरों तक नहीं पहुँचाएँगे तब क्या होगा ?)
Answer: Each one of us has a flame to carry which we have to pass on to others. If we do
not pass the flame of knowledge and skill to others, it will go out. (हममें से प्रत्येक के पास एक
मशाल है जिसे हमको दूसरों को सौंपना है। (UPBoardSolutions.com) यदि हम ज्ञान और कौशल की मशाल दूसरों
तक नहीं पहुंचाते हैं, तो वह बीच में ही बुझ जाएगी ।)
In simple words: If we fail to share our knowledge and skills with others, this valuable "flame" will extinguish, preventing its benefits from reaching future generations and the wider society.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key idea is continuity and dissemination; not passing on knowledge leads to its loss, like a flame going out.

Question 15.
when (or how) will the country be more enlightened ?
(देश अधिक प्रकाशमय कब होगा ?)
Answer: When each of us will be a good citizen, ready to pass on the flame of knowledge
to others, and trained for service of our country, the country will be more enlightened. (जब
हममें से प्रत्येक अच्छा नागरिक होगा, सब ज्ञान के प्रकाश को फैलाने को उत्सुक होंगे तथा देश-सेवा में दक्ष होंगे, तभी देश
प्रकाशमय होगा ।)
In simple words: A country becomes more enlightened when its citizens are good, willing to share their knowledge, and dedicated to serving the nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the three critical aspects: good citizenship, knowledge dissemination, and service to the country.

Question 16.
what did Guru Nanak experience in the two villages?
(गुरु नानक ने दोनों गाँवों में क्या अनुभव किया ?)
Or
What was his reaction to them?
(उनके प्रति उनकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया थी ?)
Answer: Guru Nanak experienced that the people of the first village were rude while the
people of the second village were good and gentle. He wished that the people of first
village should stay in their own village. But the people of the second village should be
scattered every where. (गुरु नानक ने अनुभव किया कि पहले गाँव के व्यक्ति असभ्य हैं, जबकि दूसरे गाँव के
व्यक्ति (UPBoardSolutions.com) अच्छे और सज्जन हैं। उन्होंने इच्छा की कि पहले गाँव के व्यक्ति अपने ही गाँव में
रहें जबकि दूसरे गाँव के व्यक्ति सब स्थानों पर फैल जाएँ।)
In simple words: Guru Nanak found the first village's people rude and wished them to stay confined, but found the second village's people kind and wished for them to spread their goodness everywhere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate Nanak's experience and subsequent wishes for each village, outlining the underlying moral principle.

VOCABULARY

(a) Match the words in List ‘A' with their nearest meanings in List ‘B':

1.
List 'A'
Influence
Reluctant
Insist
Despair
List 'B'
Hopelessness
To make repeated request
Effect
Not willing
2.
Disciple
Forced
Look after
Haggling
Pupil
Compelled
Take care
Bargaining
Answer:
1.
List 'A'
Influence - Effect
Reluctant - Not willing
Insist - To make repeated request
Despair - Hopelessness
2.
Disciple - Pupil
Forced - Compelled
Look after - Take care
Haggling - Bargaining
In simple words: This section focuses on matching vocabulary from the text with their closest meanings to enhance understanding of key terms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to synonyms and contextual meanings. Practicing these matches helps build a strong vocabulary foundation.

(b) Fill in the blanks with the words given below :
(1) Words: inhospitable, treated, held, spend.
Answer:
1. The Olympic Games were held in London in 1948.
2. Being inhospitable is a sign of bad culture.
3. He was forced to spend the night in the open.
4. Some villagers treated Guru (UPBoardSolutions.com) Nanak very kindly.
In simple words: This exercise tests your ability to choose the correct word to complete sentences, ensuring they make logical and grammatical sense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read each sentence carefully and consider the context. The correct word will fit both the meaning and the grammatical structure.

(2) Words: influence, protested, cultivate, enlightened.
Answer:
1. He used his influence to get his son admitted to the Medical College.
2. The more knowledge we gain, the more enlightened we become.
3. The captain of our team protested against the judgement.
4. We can cultivate good habits by regular practice.
In simple words: This fill-in-the-blanks task reinforces vocabulary by requiring you to select the most appropriate word for each sentence based on its meaning and context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Before choosing a word, mentally try each option to see which one creates the most coherent and meaningful sentence.

(c) Use the following words in your own sentences so as to make their meanings
clear:
disciple, message, hospitable, reception, responsibility, talents
Answer:
1. Mardana was Guru Nanak's disciple.
2. When we leave school, we have a message to carry for others.
3. Some people welcome the visitors. They are hospitable.
4. Mr. Clinton was given a (UPBoardSolutions.com) grand reception.
5. It is the responsibility of every student to keep his classroom clean.
6. Different people have different talents but they should use them in the service of the
country.
In simple words: This section requires you to construct clear sentences using given vocabulary words, demonstrating your understanding of their meanings and proper usage.

🎯 Exam Tip: For each word, create a sentence that unmistakably shows its meaning. Keep sentences concise and directly relevant to the word's definition.