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The second phrase-replacement page contains 32 sentences with a bold phrase that you must correct or confirm. It practises modal verbs, passive and active voice, third conditional, dangling modifiers, the pattern 'the higher the colder', prepositions with different and succumb, and word choice such as reckon and except. Each question includes the answer and an explanation of the grammar rule.
Phrase Replacement: Questions 34 to 65
Directions (Questions 34 to 65): Which of the phrases (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (e) as the answer.
(a) should have reversible
(b) should be reverse
(c) should have been reverse
(d) should reverse
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) should reverse
Explanation:
1. After the modal 'should' a base verb is needed, and the verb meaning to turn something back is 'reverse'.
2. 'Reversible' is an adjective and cannot follow 'should' directly.
3. Options (a), (b) and (c) combine auxiliaries wrongly.
Teacher's Note:
1. Modal + base verb.
2. Do not use an adjective where a verb is required.
(a) was set up
(b) were being set up
(c) was setting up
(d) have been setting up
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) was set up
Explanation:
1. The subject 'committee' is singular and receives the action, so a singular passive verb is needed: 'was set up'.
2. 'Were' does not agree with 'committee', and 'was setting up' is active, which would mean the committee set something up.
3. So 'was set up' is correct.
Teacher's Note:
1. Collective nouns as units take singular verbs.
2. A thing that is formed takes the passive voice.
(a) have been increase substantially
(b) have increased substantially
(c) have substantially increasing
(d) had increased substantially
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) have increased substantially
Explanation:
1. The reserves grew by themselves, so the active intransitive 'have increased' is right, and the verb needs the adverb 'substantially'.
2. 'Substantial' is an adjective and cannot modify a verb.
3. The present perfect shows the effect on the present situation, while 'had increased' needs a past reference.
Teacher's Note:
1. Adverbs modify verbs.
2. Intransitive verbs such as increase need no passive.
(a) competition economy is
(b) competing economist lays
(c) economy competition was
(d) competitive economy lie in
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (e) No correction required
Explanation:
1. 'The key to a competitive economy is its investment regime' is grammatical, with the adjective 'competitive' modifying 'economy' and the singular verb 'is' agreeing with 'key'.
2. The other options use the wrong word forms, number or tense.
3. So no correction is needed.
Teacher's Note:
1. The subject is 'key', which is singular.
2. An adjective, not a noun, modifies 'economy'.
(a) required extraordinary patient
(b) requires extraordinary patience
(c) requiring extraordinary patience
(d) None of these
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) requires extraordinary patience
Explanation:
1. The subject is the gerund phrase 'Driving a car', which is singular, so the verb must be 'requires'.
2. The noun 'patience' is needed after the adjective 'extraordinary', not 'patient'.
3. 'Requiring' would leave the sentence without a main verb.
Teacher's Note:
1. A gerund subject takes a singular verb.
2. Patient (adjective), patience (noun).
(a) which their soldiers training on
(b) on which their soldiers have trains
(c) which their soldiers do train
(d) None of these
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (e) No correction required
Explanation:
1. 'On which their soldiers are training' is correct: the preposition 'on' precedes 'which' and the present continuous suits an ongoing activity.
2. (a) and (c) lose the preposition or leave it hanging, and (b) misuses 'trains'.
3. So the phrase needs no change.
Teacher's Note:
1. Preposition + which + clause is correct formal English.
2. Present continuous shows ongoing action.
(a) is likely to face
(b) will be likely facing
(c) would be like facing
(d) would like to face
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) is likely to face
Explanation:
1. The simple present 'is likely to' states a general likelihood, and the sentence makes a general statement.
2. 'Will be likely to' is clumsy because 'likely' already refers to the future.
3. (b), (c) and (d) break grammar or meaning.
Teacher's Note:
1. Be likely to + base verb.
2. Do not add will before 'be likely'.
(a) dedicated to the art of
(b) dedicated by the art of
(c) dedicated in the art by
(d) dedicated for selling art
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) dedicated to the art of
Explanation:
1. 'Dedicated' is followed by 'to', and the noun 'art' needs the article 'the'.
2. The other prepositions do not collocate with 'dedicated'.
3. So 'dedicated to the art of selling' is correct.
Teacher's Note:
1. Dedicated to; devoted to.
2. Add the article before a specific noun.
(a) has become equal and clear
(b) has become equally clear
(c) has become clearly equal
(d) becomes equal clearly
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) has become equally clear
Explanation:
1. 'Become' forms the present perfect with 'has' (has become), not with 'is'.
2. The adverb 'equally' modifies the adjective 'clear'.
3. The other options change the meaning or use wrong word forms.
Teacher's Note:
1. Has/have + past participle = present perfect.
2. Adverb + adjective: equally clear.
(a) claim credit of success
(b) claim credit for success
(c) claiming credit for success
(d) claims for credit of success
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) claim credit for success
Explanation:
1. The verbs are joined by 'but' and must agree in tense; 'disown' is present, so 'claim' (present) is needed.
2. The correct preposition is 'for': 'claim credit for'.
3. Other options change the verb form or preposition.
Teacher's Note:
1. Keep the same tense for verbs joined by a conjunction.
2. Credit for, not credit of.
(a) shall be have their own
(b) should be having its own
(c) should have owning its
(d) should have their own
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) should have their own
Explanation:
1. The modal 'should' is followed directly by the base verb 'have'; 'be have' is a faulty combination.
2. The plural pronoun 'their' agrees with 'People'.
3. (b) and (c) use the singular 'its' and wrong verb forms.
Teacher's Note:
1. Modal + base verb (not be + have).
2. People is plural and takes their.
(a) really wonder is that
(b) really wonderful is that
(c) real wonderful is that
(d) wonder really is that
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (e) No correction required
Explanation:
1. The adjective 'real' modifies the noun 'wonder', and 'is that' introduces the noun clause correctly.
2. The other options use adverbs or adjectives wrongly.
3. So no correction is needed.
Teacher's Note:
1. Adjectives modify nouns.
2. Is that + clause completes the subject complement.
(a) must check properly
(b) should be checked properly
(c) should properly check
(d) must properly check
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) should be checked properly
Explanation:
1. The points are checked by people; they do not check anything themselves, so the verb must be passive: 'should be checked'.
2. The adverb 'properly' modifies the verb.
3. The other options keep the active form.
Teacher's Note:
1. Use the passive when the subject receives the action.
2. Should be + past participle.
(a) succumbed below force
(b) was succumbed below pressure
(c) was succumbing below force
(d) succumbed to pressure
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) succumbed to pressure
Explanation:
1. The verb 'succumb' takes the preposition 'to', meaning to yield.
2. Correct phrase: 'succumbed to pressure'.
3. 'Below' does not collocate with 'succumb', and 'succumb' is intransitive, so it has no passive.
Teacher's Note:
1. Succumb to something.
2. Intransitive verbs cannot be passive.
(a) are vulnerable for
(b) have vulnerability of
(c) were vulnerable at
(d) have been vulnerable with
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (e) No correction required
Explanation:
1. 'Vulnerable' takes the preposition 'to', and the present tense states a general truth.
2. The other prepositions do not collocate with 'vulnerable'.
3. So no correction is needed.
Teacher's Note:
1. Vulnerable to.
2. General truths take the simple present.
(a) How did the burglar get
(b) What did the burglar get
(c) How the burglar got
(d) Why did the burglar get
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) How the burglar got
Explanation:
1. Here the clause is the subject of 'is a mystery', so it is a noun clause with statement order and no auxiliary 'did'.
2. Correct: 'How the burglar got into the bank is a mystery'.
3. Option (a) keeps question order and is ungrammatical inside a statement.
Teacher's Note:
1. A noun clause uses statement word order.
2. Do not use did with an already past verb.
(a) said to be necessarily
(b) said to be necessarily and
(c) necessarily said to be
(d) said necessary and to be
(e) No correction required
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) said to be necessarily
Explanation:
1. An adverb is needed to modify the adjective 'right': 'necessarily right'.
2. The conjunction 'and' joining 'necessary' to 'right' makes the meaning wrong.
3. Correct: 'cannot be said to be necessarily right'.
Teacher's Note:
1. Adverbs modify adjectives.
2. Necessarily right = right in every case.
(a) With the exception of you and I, everyone brought
(b) Except for you and I, everyone had brought
(c) Except for you and me, everyone brought
(d) Except for you and me, everyone bringing
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Except for you and me, everyone brought
Explanation:
1. 'Expect' is a verb meaning to anticipate; the preposition meaning excluding is 'except'.
2. After a preposition the pronoun must be in the object case: 'you and me'.
3. (a) and (b) keep the subject form 'I'.
Teacher's Note:
1. Prepositions take object-case pronouns: me, him, us.
2. Except (preposition), expect (verb).
(a) Although I reckon that he will be here
(b) Although I thinks that he will be here
(c) Because I am confidant that he will be here
(d) Because I calculate that he will be here
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Although I reckon that he will be here
Explanation:
1. 'Calculate' means to work out by numbers; here the speaker is only supposing, so 'reckon' is the right word.
2. 'Although' correctly contrasts with 'cannot wait'.
3. (b) has a verb agreement error, (c) misspells 'confident', and (d) uses 'because', which is illogical.
Teacher's Note:
1. Reckon = think or suppose.
2. Match the connector to the logic (although = contrast).
(a) We want the teacher to be he
(b) We want him to be the teacher
(c) We desire the teacher to be him
(d) We anticipate the teacher to be him
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) We want the teacher to be he
Explanation:
1. The pronoun is followed by the relative 'who' and complements the verb 'be', so the subject form 'he' is used.
2. (b) changes the meaning by switching the roles, and (c) and (d) keep the incorrect 'him'.
3. 'Anticipate' also does not take an infinitive object.
Teacher's Note:
1. A pronoun after the verb be and before 'who' takes the subject case.
2. Keep the original meaning when replacing a phrase.
(a) than what we seen
(b) then we have seen
(c) from what we seen
(d) from what we have seen
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) from what we have seen
Explanation:
1. 'Different' is followed by 'from', not 'than' or 'then'.
2. The present perfect 'have seen' is needed with 'in the last decade'.
3. (a) and (c) lack the helping verb 'have'.
Teacher's Note:
1. Different from.
2. Present perfect = have/has + past participle.
(a) different from the others, he hardly had any friends except I
(b) different than the others, he hardly had any friends except me
(c) different than the others, he hardly had any friends except I
(d) different from the others, he hardly had any friends except me
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) different from the others, he hardly had any friends except me
Explanation:
1. 'Hardly' already has a negative meaning, so it cannot be used with 'hadn't' (double negative).
2. 'Different' takes 'from', and the preposition 'except' takes the object form 'me'.
3. Only option (d) corrects all three points.
Teacher's Note:
1. Hardly, scarcely, barely are negatives; do not add not.
2. Except takes the object case.
(a) Being that we living
(b) Since we were living
(c) Since we have been living
(d) Being that we are living
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Since we have been living
Explanation:
1. An action that began in the past and continues to the present with 'for five years' needs the present perfect continuous: 'have been living'.
2. (b) puts the action in the past, so it no longer continues, and (a) lacks an auxiliary.
3. 'Being that' is non-standard, and (d) still uses the present tense.
Teacher's Note:
1. For + period of time with a continuing action = present perfect continuous.
2. Prefer 'since' or 'because' to 'being that'.
(a) When I was a child, my parents took me to Jammu to visit my grandmother
(b) My parents had took me, as a child, to Jammu to visit my grandmother
(c) My parents took me to Jammu to visit my grandmother as a child.
(d) A child, my parents took me to Jammu to visit my grandmother
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) When I was a child, my parents took me to Jammu to visit my grandmother
Explanation:
1. The opening phrase 'As a child' wrongly seems to describe 'my parents', a dangling modifier.
2. Option (a) replaces it with a clause that has its own subject: 'When I was a child'.
3. (c) is ambiguous in position, (b) has a wrong verb form and (d) is ungrammatical.
Teacher's Note:
1. A modifier must be placed next to the noun it describes.
2. Turn a dangling phrase into a full clause.
(a) if he has access to
(b) if accessing is available to
(c) by access to
(d) from access to
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) if he has access to
Explanation:
1. 'Anyone' is a third person pronoun, so the pronoun that follows must be 'he', not 'you'.
2. The verb 'has' agrees with 'he'.
3. (c) and (d) do not give the conditional meaning, and (b) is ungrammatical.
Teacher's Note:
1. Keep the same person throughout a sentence.
2. Anyone takes he/she (or they).
(a) Start the motor, then removing the blocks
(b) Starting the motor, the blocks should then be removed
(c) Start the motor and then remove the blocks
(d) Starting the motor remove the blocks
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Start the motor and then remove the blocks
Explanation:
1. Two instructions joined by 'and' should both be imperatives, so 'you should' is unnecessary.
2. Correct: 'Start the motor and then remove the blocks'.
3. (b) and (d) have dangling participles, and (a) mixes forms.
Teacher's Note:
1. Parallel imperatives.
2. Do not add subjects or modals to an imperative.
(a) for a half hour and told his colleague that he must consider to find a new job
(b) for half an hour and told his colleague that the colleague must get employed by a new bank
(c) for half an hour and told his colleague to consider finding a new job
(d) no change
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) for half an hour and told his colleague to consider finding a new job
Explanation:
1. 'A half an hour' repeats the article; the correct phrase is 'half an hour'.
2. The repeated 'he, his colleague' is clumsy; 'told his colleague to consider finding' is neat and correct.
3. (a) misuses 'consider to', (b) changes the meaning and (d) keeps the errors.
Teacher's Note:
1. Half an hour or an hour and a half.
2. Consider + gerund, not infinitive.
(a) the colder
(b) the most cold
(c) colder than
(d) has enough cold
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) the colder
Explanation:
1. The pattern 'the + comparative ... the + comparative' shows that two changes go together.
2. The comparative of 'cold' is 'colder', so the second part is 'the colder you feel'.
3. The other options do not fit this pattern.
Teacher's Note:
1. The higher ... the colder.
2. Both halves of the pattern take 'the'.
(a) as glamorous as the other women's
(b) more glamorous than the career of the other women
(c) glamorous
(d) glamorous like other women
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) as glamorous as the other women's
Explanation:
1. The comparison must be between careers: 'her career' and 'the other women's (careers)'.
2. The possessive 'women's' stands for 'women's careers', so (a) completes the parallel.
3. Comparing a career with women is illogical.
Teacher's Note:
1. Compare like with like.
2. A possessive can replace the repeated noun.
(a) liable from
(b) able to
(c) of a mind to
(d) liable at
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (e) None of these
Explanation:
1. 'Liable to' means likely to, and it fits the sense of possibly making enemies.
2. None of the alternatives gives the same sense with correct grammar.
3. So the answer is 'None of these'.
Teacher's Note:
1. Liable to + verb = likely to.
2. Test each option in the sentence before accepting a change.
(a) if you witnessed
(b) if you had witnessed
(c) if you could witness
(d) if you will have witnessed
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) if you had witnessed
Explanation:
1. In a third conditional the 'if' clause uses the past perfect, and 'would have' is only in the main clause.
2. Correct: 'if you had witnessed'.
3. The other options use a wrong tense for an unreal past.
Teacher's Note:
1. If + had + V3, would have + V3.
2. Never use would in the if clause.
(a) Indians viewed the potato with suspicion for they
(b) Indians were suspicious of the potato and they
(c) potato was viewed with suspicion by Indians who
(d) potato was suspicious to Indians, and it was
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) potato was viewed with suspicion by Indians who
Explanation:
1. The opening participle 'Eaten in Portugal only' describes the potato, so the potato must be the subject of the main clause.
2. Option (c) makes 'potato' the subject and keeps the meaning: the potato was viewed with suspicion by Indians who assumed it was poisonous.
3. Options (a) and (b) leave a dangling participle, and (d) changes the meaning.
Teacher's Note:
1. A participle phrase must describe the subject that follows it.
2. Use the passive to make the right noun the subject.
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