NEET Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants MCQs Set 17

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Photosynthesis In Higher Plants

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Who showed that sunlight is essential for photosynthesis in plants?
(a) Joseph Priestley
(b) Julius von Sachs
(c) T.W. Engelmann
(d) Jan Ingenhousz
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Jan Ingenhousz

Explanation:
1. Ingenhousz showed that only the green parts of plants release oxygen in sunlight.

Teacher's Note:
1. Priestley showed that plants restore the air removed by burning candles and breathing animals.

Question 2: Moll's half-leaf experiment demonstrates that ______ is necessary for photosynthesis.
(a) oxygen
(b) chlorophyll
(c) water
(d) carbon dioxide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) carbon dioxide

Explanation:
1. In Moll's experiment part of a leaf is kept in KOH, which absorbs CO2, and that part does not form starch.

Teacher's Note:
1. It proves the need for CO2.

Question 3: The first action spectrum of photosynthesis was described by T.W. Engelmann using the alga
(a) Spirogyra
(b) Chlamydomonas
(c) Ulothrix
(d) Cladophora
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cladophora

Explanation:
1. Engelmann split light with a prism on Cladophora and saw aerobic bacteria cluster in blue and red regions.

Teacher's Note:
1. This showed that red and blue light are most effective.

Question 4: C.B. van Niel's work on purple sulphur bacteria showed that the oxygen evolved in photosynthesis comes from
(a) carbon dioxide
(b) glucose
(c) chlorophyll
(d) water
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) water

Explanation:
1. Van Niel inferred that hydrogen from an oxidisable compound reduces CO2, and that oxygen comes from water.

Teacher's Note:
1. Later experiments with isotopes confirmed this.

Question 5: Synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in the presence of light is called
(a) oxidative phosphorylation
(b) photophosphorylation
(c) substrate-level phosphorylation
(d) decarboxylation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) photophosphorylation

Explanation:
1. Light-driven ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is photophosphorylation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria.

Question 6: Which of the following is NOT required for chemiosmotic ATP synthesis?
(a) A membrane
(b) A proton pump
(c) A cell wall
(d) ATP synthase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A cell wall

Explanation:
1. Chemiosmosis needs a membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient and ATP synthase, not a cell wall.

Teacher's Note:
1. Protons accumulate in the lumen in chloroplasts and in the intermembrane space in mitochondria.

Question 7: How many turns of the Calvin cycle are needed to form one glucose molecule?
(a) 6
(b) 3
(c) 12
(d) 2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 6

Explanation:
1. Each turn fixes one CO2, and glucose has six carbons, so six turns are required.

Teacher's Note:
1. This needs 18 ATP and 12 NADPH.

Question 8: Kranz anatomy is found in leaves of
(a) C3 plants only
(b) CAM plants only
(c) C4 plants
(d) gymnosperms only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C4 plants

Explanation:
1. In Kranz anatomy, large bundle sheath cells with many chloroplasts surround vascular bundles in layers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Examples are maize, sugarcane and sorghum.

Question 9: The most abundant enzyme on the earth, which shows both carboxylase and oxygenase activity, is
(a) PEP carboxylase
(b) catalase
(c) amylase
(d) RuBisCO
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) RuBisCO

Explanation:
1. RuBisCO fixes CO2 in the Calvin cycle and also binds O2 in photorespiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. In C4 plants PEPcase has no oxygenase activity.

Question 10: Photorespiration occurs when RuBisCO binds with O2, forming the products
(a) phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate
(b) two molecules of PGA
(c) OAA and malate
(d) glucose and ATP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate

Explanation:
1. Oxygenation of RuBP gives one PGA and one phosphoglycolate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Photorespiration involves chloroplast, peroxisome and mitochondrion.

Question 11: Which statement about photorespiration is correct?
(a) It produces ATP
(b) It makes neither sugar nor ATP and releases CO2
(c) It produces NADPH
(d) It synthesises sugar
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) It makes neither sugar nor ATP and releases CO2

Explanation:
1. In the photorespiratory pathway there is no synthesis of sugar or ATP; CO2 is released using ATP, so it is wasteful.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants lack photorespiration.

Question 12: The photosynthetic efficiency of C4 plants is high because
(a) photorespiration is negligible and CO2 is concentrated at RuBisCO
(b) they have no chlorophyll
(c) they use only red light
(d) they have no stomata
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) photorespiration is negligible and CO2 is concentrated at RuBisCO

Explanation:
1. Spatial separation of PEPcase in mesophyll and RuBisCO in bundle sheath keeps CO2 high in bundle sheath cells, suppressing photorespiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants also tolerate higher temperatures.

Question 13: Blackman's law of limiting factors states that when a process is affected by several factors, its rate is determined by the factor
(a) at its maximum value
(b) that is constant
(c) that is internal
(d) nearest to its minimal value
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) nearest to its minimal value

Explanation:
1. The factor in short supply, nearest to its minimal value, limits the rate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Increasing a non-limiting factor does not change the rate.

Question 14: Light is a limiting factor in
(a) plants in open fields at noon
(b) plants growing in shade
(c) desert plants
(d) plants at CO2 saturation only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) plants growing in shade

Explanation:
1. Shade plants receive low light, so light is limiting for them.

Teacher's Note:
1. Beyond light saturation the rate does not increase with light.

Question 15: Reaction centre chlorophyll a in photosystems I and II has absorption peaks at
(a) 680 nm and 700 nm respectively
(b) 660 nm and 730 nm respectively
(c) 500 nm in both
(d) 700 nm and 680 nm respectively
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 700 nm and 680 nm respectively

Explanation:
1. In PS I the reaction centre is P700 and in PS II it is P680.

Teacher's Note:
1. The numbers refer to the absorption maximum in nm.

Question 16: Which statement is correct about the naming of photosystems?
(a) They are named in the order of their discovery, not of function
(b) PS I works before PS II in the Z scheme
(c) PS II is found only in stroma lamellae
(d) PS I contains P680
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) They are named in the order of their discovery, not of function

Explanation:
1. PS I and II were named in the sequence of discovery, whereas in the Z scheme PS II acts first.

Teacher's Note:
1. PS II is in the grana and PS I in the stroma lamellae.

Question 17: Cyclic photophosphorylation occurs when
(a) only PS II is functional
(b) both photosystems work together
(c) only PS I is functional
(d) light is absent
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) only PS I is functional

Explanation:
1. In cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons from PS I return to it through the cytochrome complex, forming ATP only and no NADPH or oxygen.

Teacher's Note:
1. It happens in stroma lamellae lacking PS II and NADP reductase.

Question 18: Which is a C4 plant?
(a) Wheat
(b) Maize
(c) Rice
(d) Potato
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Maize

Explanation:
1. Maize, sugarcane and sorghum are C4 plants, while wheat, rice and potato are C3.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants have a temperature optimum of 30 to 40 degrees Celsius.

Question 19: The 'dark reaction' of photosynthesis is a misnomer because
(a) it occurs only at night
(b) it needs no enzymes
(c) it forms oxygen
(d) it does not directly need light but depends on products of light reactions
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) it does not directly need light but depends on products of light reactions

Explanation:
1. The biosynthetic phase uses ATP and NADPH formed in light and so can occur only when light reactions function.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is better called the biosynthetic phase.

Question 20: Water stress affects photosynthesis mainly by
(a) closing stomata and reducing CO2 availability
(b) opening stomata widely
(c) increasing chlorophyll
(d) raising CO2 supply
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) closing stomata and reducing CO2 availability

Explanation:
1. Water stress closes stomata, reducing CO2 availability, and reduces leaf area and metabolic activity.

Teacher's Note:
1. This lowers the photosynthetic rate.

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