NEET Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQs Set 19

Answer: (a) Wheat

Explanation:
1. A caryopsis is a dry, one-seeded fruit in which the fruit wall is fused with the seed coat, as in the grasses (wheat, rice, maize).
2. Pea, gram and lentil bear legumes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Poaceae have caryopsis. Compositae have cypsela.

Answer: (a) Union of dissimilar parts

Explanation:
1. Adhesion is the fusion of members of different whorls, for example stamens fused with petals.
2. Union of similar parts is called cohesion.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cohesion = similar parts united; adhesion = different whorls united. Epipetalous stamens are an example of adhesion.

Answer: (c) Calyx

Explanation:
1. In Asteraceae the calyx is reduced to hairy structures called pappus, which helps in dispersal of the fruit by wind.
2. The corolla forms the ray and disc florets.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pappus helps parachute-like fruit dispersal. It is characteristic of Compositae (Asteraceae).

Answer: (c) Papilionaceous

Explanation:
1. The pea flower has five petals, a standard, two wings and a keel, giving a butterfly-like shape.
2. Campanulate is bell shaped and rotate is wheel shaped.

Teacher's Note:
1. Papilionaceous corolla is the identifying character of Fabaceae.

Answer: (c) Cruciferae

Explanation:
1. Four free petals arranged like a cross are typical of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae), such as mustard.
2. Leguminosae have butterfly-shaped corolla and Malvaceae have five twisted petals.

Teacher's Note:
1. The old name Cruciferae comes from the cross-shaped corolla. Brassicaceae is the modern name.

Answer: (a) Cruciferae

Explanation:
1. A siliqua is a long, dry fruit with a false septum (replum), typical of mustard and radish.
2. Malvaceae form capsules, Liliaceae capsules and Solanaceae berries or capsules.

Teacher's Note:
1. A short broad siliqua is called silicula, as in candytuft.

Answer: (a) Berry

Explanation:
1. Brinjal has a fleshy pericarp throughout with many seeds, which is a berry.
2. Hesperidium is the fruit of citrus, drupe has a stony endocarp and pome is a false fruit.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tomato, brinjal and potato (Solanaceae) generally bear berries.

Answer: (a) Pome

Explanation:
1. A false fruit develops from parts other than the ovary alone; in a pome (apple) the thalamus becomes fleshy.
2. Pepo, hesperidium and drupe are true fruits.

Teacher's Note:
1. Examples of false fruits: apple, pear, strawberry and cashew.

Answer: (a) Ovary

Explanation:
1. A true fruit forms only from the ovary after fertilisation.
2. If the thalamus or other parts take part, it is a false fruit.

Teacher's Note:
1. Parthenocarpic fruits develop without fertilisation but are still ovarian.

Answer: (c) Pepo fruit

Explanation:
1. Cucurbitaceae members have a pepo, a fleshy berry-like fruit with a tough rind from an inferior ovary.
2. Pome is apple, sorosis is pineapple or mulberry and drupe is mango.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pepo is typical of Cucurbitaceae: cucumber, pumpkin, melon.

Answer: (c) Ground nut

Explanation:
1. After pollination the peg-like stalk of the groundnut flower bends and pushes the ovary into the soil, where the pod matures.
2. Carrot, radish and turnip are roots.

Teacher's Note:
1. Geo means earth; the fruit ripens underground.

Answer: (a) Cruciferae

Explanation:
1. Cruciferae flowers have six stamens, four long and two short, called tetradynamous.
2. Didynamous (two long and two short) occurs in Labiatae.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tetra = four long stamens. Mustard shows this.

Answer: (a) Testa

Explanation:
1. The juicy edible portion of pomegranate is the fleshy outer layer of the seed coat (testa).
2. The leathery rind is the pericarp.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pomegranate: juicy testa; litchi: aril; orange: juicy hairs.

Answer: (c) Juicy aril

Explanation:
1. Litchi has a fleshy outgrowth from the funicle (aril) that surrounds the seed.
2. The pericarp is the brittle outer shell.

Teacher's Note:
1. Aril is an extra outgrowth of the seed, not part of the seed coat.

Answer: (d) Cucumber

Explanation:
1. In epigynous flowers the ovary is inferior, as in cucumber, guava and sunflower.
2. Mustard, brinjal and China rose are hypogynous with a superior ovary.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hypogynous = superior ovary; perigynous = half inferior; epigynous = inferior ovary.

Answer: (b) Free central

Explanation:
1. The ovules are borne on a central column that is not connected to the ovary wall by septa, giving free central placentation.
2. Primrose is another example.

Teacher's Note:
1. Free central: Dianthus, Primula. Axile: China rose, tomato, lemon.

Answer: (c) Peach

Explanation:
1. In perigynous flowers such as peach, plum and rose the ovary is half inferior as per NCERT.
2. Apple and guava have inferior ovaries and garlic has a superior ovary.

Teacher's Note:
1. NCERT lists plum, rose and peach as perigynous. These flowers are not epigynous.

Answer: (d) Lemon

Explanation:
1. Polyadelphous means stamens united into more than two bundles, as in citrus (lemon).
2. Cotton and China rose are monoadelphous and pea is diadelphous.

Teacher's Note:
1. One bundle = monoadelphous; two = diadelphous; many = polyadelphous.

Answer: (b) False septum

Explanation:
1. In mustard, the ovary is bicarpellary and unilocular but becomes bilocular later due to a false septum, the replum.
2. It is not a placenta, ovule or thalamus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Replum is found in Brassicaceae. Placentation there is parietal.

Answer: (b) Malvaceae

Explanation:
1. Cotton fibres (seed hairs) is obtained from Malvaceae.
2. Solanaceae gives potato, tomato and drugs, and Leguminosae gives pulses.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cotton is a Malvaceae plant used for fibres.