NEET Biology Mineral Nutrition MCQs Set 10

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Mineral Nutrition

Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Mineral Nutrition designed to align with the latest NEET academic syllabus for NEET Biology. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which of the following is the method by which essential elements were identified in plants ?
(a) Plant ash analysis
(b) Hydroponics
(c) Plant tissue culture
(d) Nitrogen fixation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Hydroponics

Explanation:
1. Hydroponics, growing plants in nutrient solutions, was used to find which elements are essential.

Teacher's Note:
1. Essential elements were identified by hydroponics (soilless culture in nutrient solution).
2. Macronutrients are needed in amounts above 10 mmol per kg of dry matter, micronutrients in much smaller amounts.

Question 2: Which of the following essential elements is required by plants in excess of 10 m mole kg–1 of dry matter?
(a) Magnesium
(b) Manganese
(c) Molybdenum
(d) Selenium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Magnesium

Explanation:
1. Macronutrients are needed above 10 mmol per kg dry matter; magnesium is a macronutrient, while manganese, molybdenum and selenium are needed in trace amounts or beneficially.

Teacher's Note:
1. Deficiency symptoms of mobile elements (N, P, K, Mg) appear first in older leaves; those of immobile elements (Ca, S, Fe, Mn) appear first in young tissues.
2. Biological nitrogen fixation needs nitrogenase, an anaerobic environment (leghaemoglobin) and 8 ATP per NH3.

Question 3: Choose the pair from the following in which one element is essential to plant while other is beneficial but not essential.
(a) Copper and Molybdenum
(b) Sodium and Silicon
(c) Chlorine and Cobalt
(d) Selenium and Cobalt
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Chlorine and Cobalt

Explanation:
1. Chlorine is an essential micronutrient while cobalt is a beneficial element; the other pairs are both essential or both beneficial.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nitrification is a two-step oxidation: ammonia to nitrite (Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus) and nitrite to nitrate (Nitrobacter).
2. Learn which elements activate which enzymes, for example Mg for RuBisCO and PEPcase.

Question 4: Which of the following element is an activator for both ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase enzyme and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase enzyme?
(a) Zinc
(b) Copper
(c) Magnesium
(d) Chlorine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Magnesium

Explanation:
1. Magnesium activates both RuBisCO and PEP carboxylase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Essential elements were identified by hydroponics (soilless culture in nutrient solution).
2. Macronutrients are needed in amounts above 10 mmol per kg of dry matter, micronutrients in much smaller amounts.

Question 5: Choose the pair from the following in which both the elements share common function during photosynthesis in plants.
(a) Chlorine and Magnesium
(b) Potassium and Phosphorus
(c) Boron and Molybdenum
(d) Manganese and Chlorine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Manganese and Chlorine

Explanation:
1. Manganese and chlorine are both required for the water-splitting (photolysis) step of the light reaction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Deficiency symptoms of mobile elements (N, P, K, Mg) appear first in older leaves; those of immobile elements (Ca, S, Fe, Mn) appear first in young tissues.
2. Biological nitrogen fixation needs nitrogenase, an anaerobic environment (leghaemoglobin) and 8 ATP per NH3.

Question 6: If deficiency symptoms of any element appear first in the senescent leaves, this element should not be :
(a) Calcium
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Potassium
(d) Magnesium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Calcium

Explanation:
1. Deficiency symptoms in older leaves mean the element is mobile; calcium is immobile in the phloem, so it cannot be the one.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nitrification is a two-step oxidation: ammonia to nitrite (Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus) and nitrite to nitrate (Nitrobacter).
2. Learn which elements activate which enzymes, for example Mg for RuBisCO and PEPcase.

Question 7: Which of the following bacteria oxidise ammonia into nitrite?
(a) Nitrococcus
(b) Nitrobacter
(c) Both Nitrococcus and Nitrobacter
(d) Thiobacillus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Nitrococcus

Explanation:
1. Nitrosomonas and Nitrococcus oxidise ammonia to nitrite, whereas Nitrobacter oxidises nitrite to nitrate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Essential elements were identified by hydroponics (soilless culture in nutrient solution).
2. Macronutrients are needed in amounts above 10 mmol per kg of dry matter, micronutrients in much smaller amounts.

Question 8: Which of the following is correct regarding non leguminous plant Alnus?
(a) Free living nitrogen fixation by Beijernickia
(b) Free living nitrogen fixation by Frankia
(c) Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by filamentous microbe
(d) Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by filamentous microbe

Explanation:
1. Alnus forms symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules with Frankia, a filamentous actinomycete.

Teacher's Note:
1. Deficiency symptoms of mobile elements (N, P, K, Mg) appear first in older leaves; those of immobile elements (Ca, S, Fe, Mn) appear first in young tissues.
2. Biological nitrogen fixation needs nitrogenase, an anaerobic environment (leghaemoglobin) and 8 ATP per NH3.

Question 9: During biological nitrogen fixation the energy input is :
(a) 16 ATP for each NH3
(b) 8 ATP for two NH3
(c) 32 ATP for two NH3
(d) 8 ATP for each NH3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 8 ATP for each NH3

Explanation:
1. Nitrogen fixation needs 8 ATP for each NH3 formed, that is 16 ATP for two NH3.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nitrification is a two-step oxidation: ammonia to nitrite (Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus) and nitrite to nitrate (Nitrobacter).
2. Learn which elements activate which enzymes, for example Mg for RuBisCO and PEPcase.

Question 10: During nitrogen metabolism in plants, transaminase enzyme is used in conversion of :
(a) Glutamic acid into other amino acids
(b) a-Ketoglutaric acid into glutamic acid
(c) Glutamic acid into glutamine
(d) NH4+ into glutamic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Glutamic acid into other amino acids

Explanation:
1. Transaminase transfers an amino group from glutamic acid to a keto acid, forming other amino acids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Essential elements were identified by hydroponics (soilless culture in nutrient solution).
2. Macronutrients are needed in amounts above 10 mmol per kg of dry matter, micronutrients in much smaller amounts.

Question 11: Proper aeration is required in hydroponics.
(a) to avoid the toxicity of minerals
(b) for translocation of mineral from root to shoot
(c) for absorption of minerals
(d) to decrease the osmotic pressure in root cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) for absorption of minerals

Explanation:
1. Mineral absorption by roots is largely active and needs ATP from respiration, so the nutrient solution must be aerated.

Teacher's Note:
1. Deficiency symptoms of mobile elements (N, P, K, Mg) appear first in older leaves; those of immobile elements (Ca, S, Fe, Mn) appear first in young tissues.
2. Biological nitrogen fixation needs nitrogenase, an anaerobic environment (leghaemoglobin) and 8 ATP per NH3.

Question 12: Which of the following is not a beneficial element for plant life ?
(a) Na
(b) Sr
(c) Si
(d) Co
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Sr

Explanation:
1. Beneficial elements are Na, Si, Co and Se; Sr is not among them.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nitrification is a two-step oxidation: ammonia to nitrite (Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus) and nitrite to nitrate (Nitrobacter).
2. Learn which elements activate which enzymes, for example Mg for RuBisCO and PEPcase.

Question 13: Water potential of a cell is mainly determined by which of the following element ?
(a) Mg++
(b) Ca++
(c) K+
(d) Fe2+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) K+

Explanation:
1. Potassium is the main solute in cells and strongly influences osmotic (solute) and water potential.

Teacher's Note:
1. Essential elements were identified by hydroponics (soilless culture in nutrient solution).
2. Macronutrients are needed in amounts above 10 mmol per kg of dry matter, micronutrients in much smaller amounts.

Question 14: The element is said to be deficient, when present:
(a) below critical concentration
(b) above critical concentration
(c) at critical concentration
(d) both below and above critical concentration
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) below critical concentration

Explanation:
1. An element is deficient when its concentration falls below the critical concentration.

Teacher's Note:
1. Deficiency symptoms of mobile elements (N, P, K, Mg) appear first in older leaves; those of immobile elements (Ca, S, Fe, Mn) appear first in young tissues.
2. Biological nitrogen fixation needs nitrogenase, an anaerobic environment (leghaemoglobin) and 8 ATP per NH3.

Question 15: Deficiency symptoms of element can be visualised by what kind of changes ?
(a) Physiological changes
(b) Morphological changes
(c) Chemical changes
(d) Anatomical changes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Morphological changes

Explanation:
1. Deficiency is recognised by morphological changes such as chlorosis and necrosis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nitrification is a two-step oxidation: ammonia to nitrite (Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus) and nitrite to nitrate (Nitrobacter).
2. Learn which elements activate which enzymes, for example Mg for RuBisCO and PEPcase.

Question 16: Deficiency symptoms for which of the following element tend to appear first in young tissues?
(a) N & P
(b) N & Ca
(c) Ca
(d) S & K
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ca

Explanation:
1. Calcium is immobile in the phloem, so its deficiency shows first in young tissues; N, P and K show first in older leaves.

Teacher's Note:
1. Essential elements were identified by hydroponics (soilless culture in nutrient solution).
2. Macronutrients are needed in amounts above 10 mmol per kg of dry matter, micronutrients in much smaller amounts.

Question 17: Mn toxicity leads to Ca deficiency by :
(a) competing with Ca uptake
(b) inhibiting translocation to shoot apex
(c) competetive inhibition for enzymes
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) inhibiting translocation to shoot apex

Explanation:
1. Excess manganese competes with Fe and Mg for uptake and inhibits translocation of Ca to the shoot apex, causing Ca deficiency; competition for enzymes is not the cause.

Teacher's Note:
1. Deficiency symptoms of mobile elements (N, P, K, Mg) appear first in older leaves; those of immobile elements (Ca, S, Fe, Mn) appear first in young tissues.
2. Biological nitrogen fixation needs nitrogenase, an anaerobic environment (leghaemoglobin) and 8 ATP per NH3.

Question 18: What is the major fate of NH 3 produced by ammonification ?
(a) Volatilise to re-enter in the atmosphere
(b) Absorbed by plants
(c) Converted into nitrates
(d) Denitrification
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Converted into nitrates

Explanation:
1. Ammonia from ammonification is mostly converted to nitrite and nitrate by nitrification.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nitrification is a two-step oxidation: ammonia to nitrite (Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus) and nitrite to nitrate (Nitrobacter).
2. Learn which elements activate which enzymes, for example Mg for RuBisCO and PEPcase.

Question 19: In which of the following root tissues nodule formation is initiated after successful infection ?
(a) Epidermis
(b) Cortex
(c) Endodermis
(d) Root hairs
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cortex

Explanation:
1. After infection, nodule formation starts with cell division in the cortex of the root.

Teacher's Note:
1. Essential elements were identified by hydroponics (soilless culture in nutrient solution).
2. Macronutrients are needed in amounts above 10 mmol per kg of dry matter, micronutrients in much smaller amounts.

Question 20: First stable product of biological nitrogen fixation is:
(a) HN = NH
(b) H2N – NH2
(c) NH3
(d) NO3– or NO2–
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) NH3

Explanation:
1. Ammonia is the first stable product of biological nitrogen fixation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Deficiency symptoms of mobile elements (N, P, K, Mg) appear first in older leaves; those of immobile elements (Ca, S, Fe, Mn) appear first in young tissues.
2. Biological nitrogen fixation needs nitrogenase, an anaerobic environment (leghaemoglobin) and 8 ATP per NH3.

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