NEET Biology Human Reproduction MCQs Set 32

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The head of the sperm contains the nucleus with the haploid set of chromosomes in a:
(a) Compact and inactive state
(b) Compact and active state
(c) Rare and inactive state
(d) Rare and active state
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Compact and inactive state

Explanation:
1. The sperm nucleus is highly condensed and transcriptionally inactive.
2. The acrosome above it carries the enzymes for penetrating the egg.

Teacher's Note:
1. Compact packing makes the sperm streamlined for swimming.

Question 2: The placenta acts as a/an:
(a) Ultrafilter
(b) Endocrine gland
(c) Both ultrafilter and endocrine gland
(d) None of the above
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Answer: (c) Both ultrafilter and endocrine gland

Explanation:
1. The placenta is a selectively permeable barrier that allows exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between mother and foetus.
2. It also secretes hormones such as hCG, hPL, oestrogen and progesterone, so it is also an endocrine gland.

Teacher's Note:
1. hCG, hPL, oestrogen and progesterone are placental hormones.

Question 3: In humans, which of the following undergoes meiosis II?
(a) Second polar body
(b) Spermatogonia
(c) Secondary oocyte
(d) Both second polar body and secondary oocyte
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Secondary oocyte

Explanation:
1. The secondary oocyte is arrested at metaphase II and completes meiosis II only after sperm entry.
2. Spermatogonia divide by mitosis and the second polar body is a product, not a dividing cell.

Teacher's Note:
1. Meiosis II of the oocyte is completed after fertilisation.

Question 4: Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Cleavage divisions are rapid
(b) Cleavage divisions are asynchronous
(c) Cleavage divisions are repeated mitotic divisions
(d) Approximately one month after fertilisation, the blastocyst embedded itself in the thickened wall of the uterus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Approximately one month after fertilisation, the blastocyst embedded itself in the thickened wall of the uterus

Explanation:
1. Cleavage consists of rapid, repeated mitotic divisions, and the blastomeres do not divide synchronously.
2. Implantation occurs about 7 days after fertilisation, not a month, so (d) is incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fertilisation to implantation takes about a week.

Question 5: The bases of the Sertoli cells adhere to the basal lamina and their apical ends frequently expand into the ..... of the seminiferous tubules.
(a) Surface
(b) Lumen
(c) Outer membrane
(d) Inner layer
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Lumen

Explanation:
1. Sertoli cells rest on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule.
2. Their apical ends project into the lumen, where they nourish developing sperm.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sertoli cells are the nurse cells of spermatogenesis.

Question 6: The intra-testicular genital duct system includes:
(a) Tubuli recti, rete testis and ductuli efferentes
(b) Tubuli recti, vas deferens and ejaculatory duct
(c) Urethra, epididymis and tubuli recti
(d) Seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and ampulla
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Tubuli recti, rete testis and ductuli efferentes

Explanation:
1. Inside the testis, sperm travel from seminiferous tubules to the tubuli recti, then rete testis, then ductuli efferentes.
2. Epididymis and vas deferens lie outside the testis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sequence out of the testis: efferent ducts, epididymis, vas deferens.

Question 7: In the hormonal feedback of the female reproductive cycle, the hypothalamus releases GnRH, which acts on the anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH. These act on organ A, which secretes oestrogen and progesterone, and these hormones act on organ B and also feed back on the hypothalamus. Identify A and B respectively.
(a) Uterus, ovary
(b) Ovary, uterus
(c) Oviduct, ovary
(d) Seminal vesicle, uterus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Ovary, uterus

Explanation:
1. LH and FSH act on the ovary (A), which secretes oestrogen and progesterone.
2. These hormones act on the uterus (B) to prepare the endometrium for implantation and feed back on the hypothalamus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary form the HPO axis.

Question 8: During the first two months of pregnancy the basic structures are formed. During this period the developing stage is called:
(a) Infant
(b) Foetus
(c) Child
(d) Embryo
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Embryo

Explanation:
1. The developing human is an embryo until the end of the eighth week.
2. After that, when limbs and digits are well formed, it is called a foetus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Embryo up to 8 weeks; foetus afterwards.

Question 9: Which is not correct about the amnion?
(a) It acts as a shock absorber
(b) It provides a fluid medium to the developing embryo
(c) It takes part in the formation of the human placenta
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) It takes part in the formation of the human placenta

Explanation:
1. The amnion encloses the embryo in amniotic fluid, which cushions it.
2. The placenta is formed from the chorion (foetal) and the uterine tissue, not from the amnion, so (c) is incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chorion plus uterine endometrium forms the placenta.

Question 10: Zona pellucida is synthesised by:
(a) Follicle cells
(b) Oocyte
(c) Both follicle cells and oocyte
(d) Granulosa cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Oocyte

Explanation:
1. The zona pellucida is the glycoprotein layer around the ovum.
2. It is secreted by the oocyte itself.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sperm bind to zona pellucida proteins during fertilisation.

Question 11: The corpus luteum is formed by:
(a) Granulosa cells
(b) Interstitial cells
(c) Follicle cells and granulosa cells
(d) Granulosa cells and theca cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Granulosa cells and theca cells

Explanation:
1. After ovulation the ruptured Graafian follicle becomes the corpus luteum.
2. It is formed from the granulosa and theca cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone.

Question 12: Which of the following sets is correct?
(a) Ovarian follicle - oestrogen
(b) Corpus luteum - progesterone and oestrogen
(c) Placenta - hCG hormone
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. The growing ovarian follicle secretes oestrogen.
2. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone (and some oestrogen), and the placenta secretes hCG, so all are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rising oestrogen causes the LH surge.

Question 13: Which pair is correct?
(a) Progesterone - steroid; oestrogen - protein
(b) Progesterone and oestrogen - protein
(c) Progesterone and oestrogen - steroid
(d) Progesterone - protein; oestrogen - steroid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Progesterone and oestrogen - steroid

Explanation:
1. Both are sex steroids made from cholesterol.
2. Hence both are steroid hormones.

Teacher's Note:
1. Steroid hormones cross the membrane and act on intracellular receptors.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Human Reproduction

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