NEET Biology Human Health and Disease MCQs Set 02

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Human Health and Disease

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: One of the inflammatory reaction induced by histamine is
(a) Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
(b) Vasodilation of blood vessels
(c) Decreased vascular permeability
(d) Accelerated blood clotting
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Vasodilation of blood vessels

Explanation:
1. Presence of histamine in blood causes vasodilation of blood vessels which leads to a decrease in blood pressure drastically often resulting into death.
2. Histamine increases the permeability of the blood vessels.

Question 2: The letter T in T-lymphocyte refers to
(a) Thymus
(b) Thyroid
(c) Thalamus
(d) Tonsil
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Thymus

Explanation:
1. T-lymphocytes mature in thymus.
2. Thyroid: It is an endocrine gland and it produces hormone T3 & T4.
3. Thalamus: It is situated between cerebral cortex and midbrain.
4. Act as a relay organ.

Question 3: The caustative organism of AIDS spreads by
(a) Sharing infected needles and syringes
(b) Transfusion of infected blood
(c) Unsafe sexual relationships
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of these

Explanation:
1. AIDS is a fatal communicable/infectious disease.

Question 4: Cancer is caused by
(a) Rupturing of cells
(b) Uncontrolled meiosis
(c) Uncontrolled mitosis
(d) Loss of immunity of the cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Uncontrolled mitosis

Explanation:
1. Cancerous cells undergo abnormal and uncontrolled division of cells due to breakdown of regulatory mechanism.
2. Cancer cells do not show the property of contact inhibition (cells when in contact with each other inhibit their uncontrolled growth) Cells are not rupturing.
3. Meiosis is reduction division Cells do not lose immunity, they combine to form tumors.

Question 5: Oncogene is another name for
(a) Inducer gene
(b) Jumping gene
(c) Structural gene
(d) Cancer causing gene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cancer causing gene

Explanation:
1. Cellular oncogenes (c-onc) or proto-oncogenes have been identified in normal cells.
2. Which when activated under certain conditions, could lead to oncogenic transformation of the cells.
3. Cancer causing virus called oncogenic virus have genes called viral oncogenes.
4. Inducer gene: A molecule that regulate gene expression.

Question 6: The blood cancer is also known as
(a) Haemolysis
(b) Haemophilia
(c) Leukaemia
(d) Thrombosis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Leukaemia

Explanation:
1. This is so because it involves proliferation of cell types present in blood and their percursors in bone marrow.
2. Hemolysis: Rupturing of erythrocytes and release of their content.
3. Haemophilia: Is a genetic disorder that impair the body's ability to control blood clotting.
4. Thrombosis: Is the formation of a blood lot.

Question 7: Read the following statements<br />a. Heroin, commonly called smack, is obtained by acetylation of morphine.<br />b. Cocaine is obtained from the latex of Papaver somniferum.<br />c. Dopamine is excitatory neurotransmitter.<br />d. Morphine is an effective sedative and pain killer. Mark the option which includes both correct statement
(a) a & b
(b) b & c
(c) c & d
(d) a & d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) a & d

Explanation:
1. Both (a) & (d) statements are correct. b.
2. Is wrong because cocaine is obtained from Erythroxylum coca. c.
3. Is wrong because dopamine is inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Question 8: L.S.D. is
(a) Hallucinogenic
(b) Sedative
(c) Stimulant
(d) Tranquiliser
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Hallucinogenic

Explanation:
1. Hallucinogens change one's behaviour, thoughts, feelings and perceptions without any actual sensory stimulus.
2. Sedative: Barbiturate and benzodiazepines – Depress brain activity and produce feelings of calmness, relaxation, drowsiness and deep sleep.
3. Stimulant: Caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines– Stimulate nervous system, increases alertness, produce excitement.
4. Tranquilisers: Benzodiazepines– Act as anti-depressants.

Question 9: In which disease does mosquito transmitted pathogen cause chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels?
(a) Elephantiasis
(b) Ascariasis
(c) Amoebiasis
(d) Ringworm disease
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Elephantiasis

Explanation:
1. Elephantiasis is caused by roundworm, Wuchereria bancrofti and it is transmitted by Culex mosquito.

Question 10: Which part of poppy plant is used to obtain the drug “Smack”?
(a) Flowers
(b) Latex
(c) Leaves
(d) Roots
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Latex

Explanation:
1. ‘Smack’ also called as brown sugar/Heroin is formed by acetylation of morphine.
2. It is obtained from the latex of unripe capsule of Poppy plant.

Question 11: Match the following sexually transmitted diseases (Column - I) with their causative agent (Column - II) and select the correct option.<br />Column - I Column- II<br />(a) Gonorrhea (i) HIV<br />(b) Syphilis (ii) Neisseria<br />(c) Genital Warts (iii) Treponema<br />(d) AIDS (iv) Human Papilloma virus
(a) a(ii), b(iii), c(iv), d(i)
(b) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii)
(c) a(iv), b(ii), c(iii), d(i)
(d) a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) a(ii), b(iii), c(iv), d(i)

Explanation:
1. Gonorrhoea – Neisseria (Bacteria) Syphilis – Treponema (Bacteria) Genital Warts – Human papilloma virus (Virus) AIDS – HIV.

Question 12: MALT constitutes about ___________ percent of the lymphoid tissue in human body
(a) 50%
(b) 20%
(c) 70%
(d) 10%
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 50%

Explanation:
1. MALT is Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue and it constitutes about 50 percent of the lymphoid tissue in human body.

Question 13: Which of the following sets of diseases is caused by bacteria?
(a) Cholera and tetanus
(b) Typhoid and smallpox
(c) Tetanus and mumps
(d) Herpes and influenza
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Cholera and tetanus

Explanation:
1. Cholera is caused by a bacterium Vibrio cholerae and tetanus is caused by a bacterium Clostridium tetani.

Question 14: Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV?
(a) HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase
(b) HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase
(c) HIV is unenveloped retrovirus
(d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase

Explanation:
1. Causative agent of AIDS is HIV which is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of ssRNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase.

Question 15: Which of the following statements is not true for cancer cells in relation to mutations?
(a) Mutations inhibit production of telomerase
(b) Mutations in proto-oncogenes accelerate the cell cycle
(c) Mutations destroy telomerase inhibitor
(d) Mutations inactivate the cell control
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Mutations inhibit production of telomerase

Explanation:
1. Cancerous cells have high telomerase activity.
2. Telomerase inhibitors are used in cancer treatment.

Question 16: In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish self-cells and non-self. If this property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self-cells, then it leads to
(a) Active immunity
(b) Allergic response
(c) Graft rejection
(d) Auto-immune disease
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Auto-immune disease

Explanation:
1. In autoimmune diseases, the immune cells are unable to distinguish between self cells and non-self cells and attack self cells.

Question 17: Depletion of which gas in the atmosphere can lead to an increased incidence of skin cancers
(a) Methane
(b) Nitrous oxide
(c) Ozone
(d) Ammonia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ozone

Explanation:
1. Ozone is found in the upper part of the atmosphere called stratosphere and it acts as a shield absorbing ultraviolet radiation from sun and so its depletion can lead to incidence of skin cancers.

Question 18: Grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to
(a) Innate immune response
(b) Humoral immune response
(c) Cell-mediated immune response
(d) Passive immune response
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cell-mediated immune response

Explanation:
1. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) is responsible for graft rejection.

Question 19: Which of the following viruses is not transferred through semen of an infected male?
(a) Ebola virus
(b) Hepatitis B virus
(c) Human immunodeficiency virus
(d) Chikungunya virus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Chikungunya virus

Explanation:
1. Chikungunya is caused by Arbovirus and transmitted through the bite of Aedes mosquito.

Question 20: HIV that causes AIDS, first starts destroying
(a) Thrombocytes
(b) B lymphocytes
(c) Leucocytes
(d) Helper T lymphocytes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Helper T lymphocytes

Explanation:
1. Macrophages are HIV factory, not destroyed by AIDS virus.
2. HIV destroys Helper-T-cells, because after replication the virus is released by lysis of the cell.

Question 21: Which of the following is not one of the prime health risks associated with greater UV radiation through the atmosphere due to depletion of stratospheric ozone?
(a) Increased liver cancer
(b) Increased skin cancer
(c) Reduced Immune System
(d) Damage to eyes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Increased liver cancer

Explanation:
1. Liver cancer can be caused due to aflatoxin (released by Aspergillus fungus), Vinyl chloride but UV-rays do not cause cancer of liver.

Question 22: The active form of Entamoeba histolytica feeds upon
(a) Blood only
(b) Erythrocytes; mucosa and submucosa of colon
(c) Mucosa and submucosa of colon only
(d) Food in intestine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Erythrocytes; mucosa and submucosa of colon

Explanation:
1. Entamoeba histolytica is present in the colon, feeds on mucosa and submucosa and can also phagocytose RBCs.

Question 23: At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS?
(a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person
(b) When the infected retro virus enters host cells
(c) When HIV damages large number of helper T lymphocytes
(d) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) When HIV damages large number of helper T lymphocytes

Explanation:
1. Fall in number of helper T-lymphocytes causes lowering of immunity.

Question 24: Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of
(a) Cocaine
(b) Opium
(c) Alcohol
(d) Tobacco (Chewing)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Alcohol

Explanation:
1. With continued alcohol intake, there is destruction of hepatocytes and fibroblasts (cells which form fibres) and stimulation of collagen protein formation.
2. This leads to Cirrhosis (liver damage from a variety of causes/ replacement of liver cells by fibrosis and lumps that occur due to attempted repair of damaged tissue) of liver.

Question 25: Which one of the following is not a property of cancerous cells whereas the remaining three are?
(a) They show contact inhibition
(b) They compete with normal cells for vital nutrients
(c) They do not remain confined in the area of formation
(d) They divide in an uncontrolled manner
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) They show contact inhibition

Explanation:
1. They do not show contact inhibition.
2. Contact inhibition is a properly of normal cells in which dividing cells when in contact with other cells are inhibited for their uncontrolled growth.

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