NEET Biology Evolution MCQs Set 13

Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Evolution

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Some statements are given for the wings of a bat and a butterfly: (a) anatomically similar (b) homologous (c) result of divergent evolution (d) perform different functions (e) example of adaptive divergence (f) indicate common ancestry. How many statements are correct?
(a) Zero
(b) One
(c) Two
(d) Three
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Zero

Explanation:
1. The wings of a bat and a butterfly have different origins, so they are analogous.
2. They are the result of convergent evolution, perform similar flight functions, and do not show common ancestry.

Teacher's Note:
1. None of the statements is correct.

Question 2: Which is NOT amongst the ancestry line of mammals?
(a) Sauropsids
(b) Synapsids
(c) Pelycosaurs
(d) Therapsids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Sauropsids

Explanation:
1. Mammals evolved from synapsids through pelycosaurs and therapsids.
2. Sauropsids lead to reptiles and birds.

Teacher's Note:
1. So sauropsids are not in the mammalian line.

Question 3: Pouched mammals survived in Australia but not on other continents because:
(a) The climate of Australia was cold
(b) Pouched mammals have high adaptive power
(c) They lacked competition from other mammals
(d) They have high reproductive capacity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) They lacked competition from other mammals

Explanation:
1. Australia became isolated, so marsupials faced no competition from placental mammals.
2. Elsewhere placentals out-competed them.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is why marsupials adaptively radiated there.

Question 4: When organisms of one ancestral stock show similarities with organisms of another ancestral stock based on habitat and feeding habit, the phenomenon is called:
(a) Convergent evolution
(b) Divergent evolution
(c) Adaptive divergence
(d) Adaptive radiation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Convergent evolution

Explanation:
1. Unrelated groups developing similar structures under similar environments show convergent evolution.
2. The structures formed are analogous.

Teacher's Note:
1. Divergent evolution would give homologous structures.

Question 5: Which organism formed the coal deposits?
(a) Bryophytes
(b) Pteridophytes
(c) Thallophytes
(d) Gymnosperms
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Pteridophytes

Explanation:
1. Giant tree ferns of the Carboniferous period were buried and turned into coal.
2. So pteridophytes formed coal deposits.

Teacher's Note:
1. They dominated the swampy forests of that time.

Question 6: Examples: (a) Forelimbs of mammals (b) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita (c) Eyes of octopus and mammals (d) Flippers of penguins and dolphins (e) Sweet potato and potato (f) Wings of birds and butterfly. How many of these are analogous structures in animals?
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Three

Explanation:
1. The animal examples with similar function but different origin are (c), (d) and (f).
2. Items (a) is homology, (b) is a plant example and (e) is a plant example.

Teacher's Note:
1. So the answer is three.

Question 7: Which is correctly matched?
(a) 500 mya - invertebrates formed
(b) 320 mya - jawless fishes evolved
(c) 3000 mya - first cellular form of life appeared
(d) 65 mya - dinosaurs appeared
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 500 mya - invertebrates formed

Explanation:
1. Invertebrates formed about 500 mya, jawless fishes about 350 mya and the first cells about 2000 mya.
2. Dinosaurs disappeared at about 65 mya.

Teacher's Note:
1. Only option (a) is correct.

Question 8: The connecting link between reptiles and mammals is:
(a) Archaeopteryx
(b) Platypus
(c) Balanoglossus
(d) Peripatus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Platypus

Explanation:
1. The egg-laying platypus has mammary glands and hair like mammals but lays eggs like reptiles.
2. Archaeopteryx links reptiles and birds.

Teacher's Note:
1. Balanoglossus and Peripatus are other connecting links.

Question 9: Only two statements are correct among these five. (A) Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature. (B) Members of a population do not vary in characteristics. (C) Mutation is a continuous source of variation. (D) Evolution is a single-step process called saltation. (E) Evolution is not a directed process in the sense of determinism. The correct pair is:
(a) A, E
(b) A, B
(c) C, D
(d) D, E
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A, E

Explanation:
1. Statements A and E agree with Darwinian evolution.
2. B is wrong because members of a population vary.
3. C is wrong in the sense used here, and D describes saltation, which is not Darwinian.

Teacher's Note:
1. So A and E are correct.

Question 10: Select the incorrect statement:
(a) Darwin framed his theory on the basis of branching descent and natural selection
(b) Darwin believed that life forms on earth have not changed since the origin of the earth
(c) Darwin did not believe in the inheritance of acquired characters
(d) According to Darwin, the variations causing evolution are small and directional
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Darwin believed that life forms on earth have not changed since the origin of the earth

Explanation:
1. Darwin proposed that life forms have changed gradually through descent with modification.
2. So the statement that they have not changed is incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. The other statements agree with Darwin's theory.

Question 11: Which conclusion can be drawn from the experiment of Lederberg (replica plating)?
(a) Already existing adaptive mutations give a selection advantage to individuals of a population
(b) Already existing harmful mutations give a selection advantage
(c) Individuals develop new characters in response to a changed environment, which helps in their selection
(d) A change in environment does not affect individuals of a population
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Already existing adaptive mutations give a selection advantage to individuals of a population

Explanation:
1. In replica plating, resistant mutants were already present before the antibiotic was applied.
2. The environment only selected them.

Teacher's Note:
1. So pre-existing adaptive mutations give the advantage.

Question 12: What is fitness according to Darwin?
(a) Physical fitness
(b) Mental fitness
(c) Social fitness
(d) Reproductive fitness
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Reproductive fitness

Explanation:
1. Darwin meant reproductive fitness, which is the ability to leave more offspring.
2. Strength or health matter only if they help in reproduction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Those with greater reproductive fitness are selected by nature.

Question 13: Which is NOT true for directional selection?
(a) Only one extreme value is selected
(b) The mean value never changes
(c) It operates in a changing environment
(d) The peak shifts in one direction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) The mean value never changes

Explanation:
1. In directional selection individuals at one extreme are favoured, and the population mean shifts towards that extreme.
2. So the statement that the mean never changes is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. It occurs when the environment changes in one direction.

Question 14: Which of the following cannot affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
(a) Genetic drift
(b) Mutation
(c) Gene migration
(d) Random mating
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Random mating

Explanation:
1. Genetic drift, mutation, gene flow and natural selection change allele frequencies.
2. Random mating is a condition for equilibrium, not a disturbing factor.

Teacher's Note:
1. So it does not affect the equilibrium.

Question 15: Weismann's theory of continuity of germplasm disproves the theory of:
(a) Lamarck
(b) Biogenesis
(c) Darwin
(d) Mutation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Lamarck

Explanation:
1. Weismann showed that changes in body (somatic) cells are not passed on to the germ cells.
2. He cut tails of mice for many generations without any effect on the offspring.

Teacher's Note:
1. This disproves Lamarck's inheritance of acquired characters.

Question 16: Darwin could not explain the:
(a) Arrival of the fittest
(b) Inheritance of variations
(c) Origin of variations
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Darwin did not know the source of variations and how they are inherited.
2. The arrival of the fittest is explained by mutation and recombination.

Teacher's Note:
1. The modern synthetic theory fills these gaps.

Question 17: Which type of natural selection results in two peaks in the distribution of a character in a population?
(a) Stabilising selection
(b) Directional selection
(c) Disruptive selection
(d) Artificial selection
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Disruptive selection

Explanation:
1. In disruptive selection both extreme phenotypes are favoured and the intermediate type is selected against.
2. This produces two peaks.

Teacher's Note:
1. Stabilising selection gives a single narrower peak.

Question 18: Read four statements: (a) Natural resources are unlimited. (b) Populations are stable in size except for seasonal fluctuations. (c) Members of a population vary in characteristics. (d) There is no competition for resources among individuals of a population. How many statements are correct?
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Two

Explanation:
1. Resources are limited, so (a) and (d) are wrong.
2. Populations are stable apart from seasonal changes and members do vary.

Teacher's Note:
1. So two statements are correct.

Question 19: Mutations are (A) and (B), while Darwinian variations are (C) and (D). Choose the correct set for A, B, C and D.
(a) Small, directional, random, directionless
(b) Directional, large, small, directionless
(c) Random, directionless, small, directional
(d) Large, directional, small, directional
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Random, directionless, small, directional

Explanation:
1. Mutations are random and directionless, according to the mutation theory of de Vries.
2. Darwinian variations are small and directional.

Teacher's Note:
1. So the order is random, directionless, small, directional.

Question 20: The Hardy-Weinberg principle can be expressed by the equation:
(a) p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
(b) p2 + q = 1
(c) p2 - q2 = 1
(d) (p2 + q2)2 = 1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Explanation:
1. For two alleles with frequencies p and q the genotype frequencies are p2 (homozygous), 2pq (heterozygous) and q2 (the other homozygote).
2. Their sum is 1.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is the binomial expansion of (p + q)2.

Question 21: Which is NOT a basic concept of Lamarckism?
(a) Effect of environment and new needs
(b) Use and disuse of organs
(c) Inheritance of acquired characters
(d) Struggle for existence
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Struggle for existence

Explanation:
1. Lamarck proposed the effect of environment, use and disuse, and inheritance of acquired characters.

Teacher's Note:
1. Struggle for existence is a concept of Darwin, taken from Malthus.

Question 22: If members of two different species cannot mate because of a difference in their breeding seasons, the type of reproductive isolation is called:
(a) Mechanical isolation
(b) Temporal isolation
(c) Ecological isolation
(d) Postzygotic isolation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Temporal isolation

Explanation:
1. Isolation caused by differences in breeding time is temporal isolation.
2. Mechanical isolation concerns body structure, and ecological isolation concerns habitat.

Teacher's Note:
1. Postzygotic isolation acts after the zygote forms.

Question 23: If members of a population migrate to another place and accumulate new characters, leading to formation of a new species after a long period, the phenomenon is called:
(a) Bottleneck effect
(b) Allopatric speciation
(c) Founder effect
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)

Explanation:
1. A small migrating group forms a new population (founder effect), which becomes isolated in a new place and, over time, evolves into a new species (allopatric speciation).

Teacher's Note:
1. Both processes are involved.

Question 24: The appearance of drug-resistant pathogens is an example of:
(a) Natural selection
(b) Evolution by anthropogenic action
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Convergent evolution
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
1. Human use of antibiotics selects the resistant pathogens, which is natural selection driven by human activity.
2. So both natural selection and anthropogenic evolution apply.

Teacher's Note:
1. It shows evolution in a short time.

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