NEET Biology Evolution MCQs Set 11

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Evolution

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Find the odd one out related to evolution
(a) Vertebrate hearts
(b) Vertebrate brains
(c) Wings of butterfly and of birds
(d) Forelimbs of mammals
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Wings of butterfly and of birds

Explanation:
1. Wings of butterfly and birds are analogous structures.

Question 2: Which one provides direct and solid evidence in favour of organic evolution through ages?
(a) Atavism
(b) Palaeontology
(c) Vestigeal organs
(d) Galapagos island fauna
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Answer: (b) Palaeontology

Explanation:
1. Palaeontology refers to study of fossils.

Question 3: Which of the following was discovered in Ethiopia and Tanzania?
(a) Fossils of dinosaurs
(b) Few fossils of man-like bones
(c) Alive coelacanth
(d) Fossils of Archaeopteryx
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Answer: (b) Few fossils of man-like bones

Explanation:
1. Fact. (What is Adaptive Radiation? Biological Evolution, Mechanism of Evolution, Hardy-Weinberg Principle).

Question 4: Evolutionary process, giving rise to new species adapted to new habitats and ways of life, is called as adaptive radiation, for example
(a) Darwin’s Finches in Galapagos Islands
(b) Australian marsupials that radiated to form new species
(c) Wolf and Tasmanian Wolf
(d) Both (1) & (2)
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Answer: (d) Both (1) & (2)

Explanation:
1. Wolf and Tasmanian Wolf show convergent evolution.

Question 5: Natural selection leads to the directional change when
(a) More individuals acquire mean character value in the distribution curve
(b) More individuals acquire peripheral character value of both ends of distribution curve
(c) More individuals acquire value other than the mean character value at any one end of distribution curve
(d) No individual acquires the peripheral character value
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) More individuals acquire value other than the mean character value at any one end of distribution curve

Explanation:
1. Peak gets higher and narrower (a) Number of individuals Medium-sized individuals Peak shifts in with phenotype Phenotypes are favoured one direction favoured by natural selection (b) Two peaks form (c).

Question 6: According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, difference in the values of measured and expected allelic frequencies indicates all of the following, except
(a) Changes in the gene pool
(b) Disturbance in genetic equilibrium
(c) Extent of evolutionary change
(d) Absence of any kind of evolution
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Answer: (d) Absence of any kind of evolution

Explanation:
1. Difference in the values of measured and expected allelic frequencies indicate that evolution has occurred.

Question 7: The fish-like giant reptile which existed 200 mya was
(a) Pteranodon
(b) Ichthyosaur
(c) Triceratops
(d) Tyrannosaurus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Ichthyosaur

Explanation:
1. Some of the land reptiles went back into the water 200 million years ago and converted into fish like reptiles.

Question 8: Which of the following had huge fearsome dagger like teeth?
(a) Dryopithecus
(b) Tyrannosaurus
(c) Ichthyosaur
(d) Homo erectus
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Answer: (b) Tyrannosaurus

Explanation:
1. It was biggest dinosaur, about 20 ft. in height.

Question 9: As horse evolved, there was progressive reduction in number of toes. Which of the following is correct sequence in the evolution of horse?
(a) Orohippus, Hyracotherium, Mesohippus, Callipus, Merychippus, Pliohippus, Equus
(b) Hyracotherium, Orohippus, Mesohippus, Merychippus, Pliohippus, Equus
(c) Orohippus, Callipus, Hyracotherium, Mesohippus, Merychippus, Pliohippus, Equus
(d) Hyracotherium, Mesohippus, Orohippus, Callipus, Merychippus, Pliohippus and Equus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Hyracotherium, Orohippus, Mesohippus, Merychippus, Pliohippus, Equus

Explanation:
1. During evolution of horse, there was : General increase in size, progressive loss of toes, lengthening of toes that was retained lenthening of limbs in general, enlargement of brain, increase in height, increase in complexity of molar teeth.

Question 10: An evolutionary trend in which there is general degeneration and loss of organs is
(a) Progressive
(b) Vestigeal
(c) Retrogressive
(d) Stasigenesis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Retrogressive

Explanation:
1. Evolution may be progressive or retrogressive.

Question 11: According to Hugo de Vries, the mechanism of evolution is
(a) Multiple step mutations
(b) Saltation
(c) Minor mutations
(d) Phenotypic variations
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Saltation

Explanation:
1. This is so because per mutation theory given by Hugo de Vries, the evolution is a discontinuous phenomenon or saltatory phenomenon/saltation.

Question 12: Among the following sets of examples for divergent evolution, select the incorrect option :
(a) Forelimbs of man, bat and cheetah
(b) Heart of bat, man and cheetah
(c) Eye of octopus, bat and man
(d) Brain of bat, man and cheetah
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Eye of octopus, bat and man

Explanation:
1. Divergent evolution occurs in the same structure, example - forelimbs, heart, brain of vertebrates which have developed along different directions due to adaptation to different needs whereas eye of octopus, bat and man are examples of analogous organs showing convergent evolution.

Question 13: The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of
(a) Homology
(b) Analogy
(c) Adaptive radiation
(d) Convergent evolution
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Homology

Explanation:
1. In different vertebrates, bones of forelimbs are similar but their forelimbs are adapted in different way as per their adaptation, hence example of homology.

Question 14: Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents
(a) Stabilizing selection as it stabilizes this character in the population
(b) Directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction
(c) Disruptive as it splits the population into two one yielding higher output and the other lower output
(d) Stabilizing followed by disruptive as it stabilizes the population to produce higher yielding cows
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction

Explanation:
1. Artificial selection to obtain cow yielding higher milk output will shift the peak to one direction, hence, will be an example of Directional selection.
2. In stabilizing selection, the organisms with the mean value of the trait are selected.
3. In disruptive selection, both extremes get selected.

Question 15: Genetic drift operates in 7
(a) Small isolated population
(b) Large isolated population
(c) Non-reproductive population
(d) Slow reproductive population
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Small isolated population

Explanation:
1. Genetic drift operates in small isolated inbreeding population.

Question 16: Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life?<br />(i) Formation of protobionts<br />(ii) Synthesis of organic monomers<br />(iii) Synthesis of organic polymers<br />(iv) Formation of DNA-based genetic systems
(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(b) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
(c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
(d) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

Explanation:
1. Correct sequence of events in the origin of life is Synthesis of organic monomers  Synthesis of organic polymers  Formation of protobionts  Formation of DNA-based genetic systems.

Question 17: Which of the following structures is homologus to the wing of a bird?
(a) Flipper of Whale
(b) Dorsal fin of a Shark
(c) Wing of a Moth
(d) Hind limb of Rabbit
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Flipper of Whale

Explanation:
1. Wings of bird and flipper of whale are modified fore limbs but wings help in flying and flippers help in swimming.

Question 18: The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are:
(a) Homologous structures and represent convergent evolution
(b) Homologous structures and represent divergent evolution
(c) Analogous structures and represent convergent evolution
(d) Phylogenetic structures and represent divergent evolution.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Analogous structures and represent convergent evolution

Explanation:
1. The wings of a bird and an insect are analogous structure which differ in structure and origin but perform similar functions and represent convergent evolution.

Question 19: Industrial melanism is an example of
(a) Neo Lamarckism
(b) Neo Darwinism
(c) Natural selection
(d) Mutation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Natural selection

Explanation:
1. Industrial melanism is an example of natural selection.

Question 20: Which of the following had the smallest brain capacity?
(a) Homo habilis
(b) Homo erectus
(c) Homo sapiens
(d) Homo neanderthalensis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Homo habilis

Explanation:
1. Brain capacity (1) Homo sapiens 1400 cm3 (2) Homo neanderthalensis 1400 cm3 (3) Homo habilis 650 – 800 cm3 (4) Homo erectus 900 cm3.

Question 21: Which is the most common mechanism of genetic variation in the population of a sexually-reproducing organism?
(a) Recombination
(b) Transduction
(c) Chromosomal aberrations
(d) Genetic drift
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Recombination

Explanation:
1. In sexually reproducing organisms the most common cause of variations is recombination.

Question 22: A population will not exist in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if
(a) The population is large
(b) Individuals mate selectively
(c) There are no mutations
(d) There is no migration
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Individuals mate selectively

Explanation:
1. Selective mating alters Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
2. Random mating maintains the equilibrium.

Question 23: Forelimbs of cat, lizard used in walking; forelimbs of whale used in swimming and forelimbs of bats used in flying are an example of
(a) Analogous organs
(b) Adaptive radiation
(c) Homologous organs
(d) Convergent evolution
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Homologous organs

Explanation:
1. Homologous organs have common origin.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Evolution

NEET Biology Evolution Objective Test Questions

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