NEET Biology Digestion and Absorption MCQs Set 17

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The stomach does not digest itself because:
(a) Gastric mucosa is protected by a thick layer of mucus
(b) Gastric mucosal cells are not digestible
(c) Gastric mucosal cells transport hydrogen ions out of the gastric mucosa
(d) Hydrogen ions are completely not neutralised by mucus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Gastric mucosa is protected by a thick layer of mucus

Explanation:
1. The mucus secreted by the goblet cells forms a thick layer over the gastric mucosa and protects it from HCl and pepsin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mucosal cells are digestible if the mucus is lost, as happens in ulcers.

Question 2: Which one of the following statements is true regarding digestion and absorption of food in humans?
(a) Oxyntic cells in our stomach secrete the proenzyme pepsinogen
(b) Glucose and amino acids are absorbed through intestinal mucosa with the help of carrier proteins
(c) Chylomicrons are small lipoprotein particles that are transported from intestine into blood capillaries
(d) About 60% of starch is hydrolysed by salivary amylase in our mouth
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Glucose and amino acids are absorbed through intestinal mucosa with the help of carrier proteins

Explanation:
1. Glucose and amino acids are absorbed by active transport using carrier proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, chylomicrons enter the lacteals, and only about 30% of starch is digested in the mouth.

Question 3: All are functions of bile juice except:
(a) Absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins
(b) Emulsification of fats
(c) Digestion of proteins
(d) Prevention of food from decomposition
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Digestion of proteins

Explanation:
1. Bile has no enzymes and does not digest proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. It emulsifies fats, helps in absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins, and its alkalinity checks decay.

Question 4: Which is the correct match in the given table of digestive juices?
(a) Saliva: pepsin, HCl present, digestion of proteins
(b) Gastric juice: lipase and ptyalin, no HCl, digestion of starch
(c) Pancreatic juice: trypsin, no HCl, digestion of proteins
(d) Intestinal juice: carboxypeptidase, no HCl, emulsification of fats
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Pancreatic juice: trypsin, no HCl, digestion of proteins

Explanation:
1. Pancreatic juice has trypsin, which digests proteins, and it has no HCl.

Teacher's Note:
1. Saliva has ptyalin, gastric juice has pepsin and HCl, and emulsification of fats is done by bile.

Question 5: Match: (a) indigestion (b) constipation (c) diarrhoea (d) vomiting with (i) ejection of stomach contents through the mouth (ii) it reduces the absorption of food (iii) the faeces are retained within the rectum and bowel movements occur irregularly (iv) food is not properly digested.
(a) a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii
(b) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
(c) a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
(d) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

Explanation:
1. Indigestion is improper digestion of food, constipation is retention of faeces, diarrhoea reduces the absorption of food, and vomiting is ejection of stomach contents.

Teacher's Note:
1. So the match is a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i.

Question 6: Aminopeptidase and enterogasterone are:
(a) Enzymes
(b) Hormones
(c) The former is an enzyme whereas the latter is a hormone
(d) The former is a hormone whereas the latter is an enzyme
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) The former is an enzyme whereas the latter is a hormone

Explanation:
1. Aminopeptidase is an intestinal enzyme that digests peptides.

Teacher's Note:
1. Enterogasterone is a hormone of the intestine that inhibits gastric secretion and motility.

Question 7: Find the correct match from the table: (i) Ptyalin - salivary gland - protein digesting enzyme (ii) Pepsin - gastric gland - protein digesting enzyme (iii) Amylase - pancreas - fat digesting enzyme.
(a) Only (i)
(b) (i) and (ii) both
(c) Only (ii)
(d) (ii) and (iii) both
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Only (ii)

Explanation:
1. Pepsin from the gastric gland digests proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ptyalin digests starch, and pancreatic amylase also digests starch and not fat.

Question 8: Which is the correct match of the site of action on the given substrate, the enzyme acting upon it and the end product?
(a) Duodenum: triglycerides, trypsin, fatty acid
(b) Small intestine: protein, pepsin, amino acid
(c) Stomach: nucleic acid, nuclease, nucleotide
(d) Ileum: dipeptides, dipeptidase, amino acids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Ileum: dipeptides, dipeptidase, amino acids

Explanation:
1. Dipeptidase of the intestinal juice breaks dipeptides into amino acids in the small intestine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Triglycerides are acted on by lipase, pepsin works in the stomach, and nucleases act in the duodenum.

Question 9: Match the hormone with its function: A Secretin, B Gastrin, C CCK, D GIP with 1 stimulates secretion from gastric glands, 2 stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate in pancreatic juice, 3 inhibits gastric secretion and motility, 4 stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(c) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
(d) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Explanation:
1. Secretin stimulates water and bicarbonate secretion, gastrin stimulates the gastric glands, CCK stimulates the pancreatic enzymes and gallbladder, and GIP inhibits gastric secretion and motility.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 10: __________ covers the opening of the internal nasal pores during ingestion of food, so food particles cannot move into the nasal chamber.
(a) Uvula
(b) Palate
(c) Tonsils
(d) Buccal vestibule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Uvula

Explanation:
1. The uvula is a fleshy projection at the back of the soft palate that closes the nasal passage while swallowing.

Teacher's Note:
1. The epiglottis covers the glottis at the same time.

Question 11: Match: A incisors, B canines, C premolars, D molars with (i) gnawing of food (ii) sharp, pointed (iii) chewing of food.
(a) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iii
(b) A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iii
(c) A-i, B-ii, C-i, D-iii
(d) A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iii
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iii

Explanation:
1. Incisors cut or gnaw, canines are sharp and pointed for tearing, and premolars and molars have broad surfaces for chewing.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 12: Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of human teeth?
(a) Thecodont
(b) Diphyodont
(c) Heterodont
(d) Polyphyodont
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Polyphyodont

Explanation:
1. Human teeth are thecodont, diphyodont and heterodont, and polyphyodont (many sets) is not a human feature.

Teacher's Note:
1. Humans have two sets, the milk teeth and the permanent teeth.

Question 13: The three major types of cells in the stomach are:
(a) Mucous cells, chief cells, oxyntic cells
(b) Mucous cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells
(c) Mucous cells, enteroendocrine cells, oxyntic cells
(d) Enteroendocrine cells, chief cells, oxyntic cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Mucous cells, chief cells, oxyntic cells

Explanation:
1. The gastric glands have mucus-secreting cells, peptic or chief cells that secrete pepsinogen, and parietal (oxyntic) cells that secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 14: Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Duodenum is the longest part of the small intestine
(b) Caecum continues into the colon, which is the initial part of the small intestine
(c) Rectum opens into the anal canal
(d) Internal anal sphincter is voluntary and external anal sphincter is involuntary
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Rectum opens into the anal canal

Explanation:
1. The rectum is the last part of the large intestine and opens to the exterior through the anal canal.

Teacher's Note:
1. The ileum is the longest part of the small intestine, the colon is part of the large intestine, and the internal sphincter is involuntary.

Question 15: The stomach is characterised by: (a) multilayered epithelium (b) oblique muscle layer (c) Brunner's glands in submucosa (d) Paneth cells in mucosa.
(a) a and b only
(b) b and c only
(c) d only
(d) b only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) b only

Explanation:
1. The stomach has an extra oblique layer of muscles.

Teacher's Note:
1. It has a single layer of columnar epithelium, and Brunner's glands and Paneth cells belong to the small intestine.

Question 16: Which row of the table of salivary glands is wrong?
(a) Location: parotid below the ear, submaxillary at the angle of the jaw, sublingual below the tongue
(b) Number: one pair each
(c) Duct: Stenson's duct, Wharton's duct (smallest duct), duct of Rivinus (longest duct)
(d) Secretion: parotid saliva with enzyme, the others saliva
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Duct: Stenson's duct, Wharton's duct (smallest duct), duct of Rivinus (longest duct)

Explanation:
1. Wharton's duct of the submaxillary gland is the longest duct, and the ducts of Rivinus of the sublingual gland are the smallest.

Teacher's Note:
1. So the row on ducts is wrong.

Question 17: Statements about the liver: (a) largest gland of the body (b) known as the chemical and biological factory of the body (c) gall bladder is situated just below the left lobe of the liver (d) secretes bile juice which helps in emulsification of fats (e) liver stores fats in large amounts. How many are correct?
(a) Four
(b) Three
(c) Two
(d) One
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Three

Explanation:
1. Statements a, b and d are correct.
2. The gall bladder lies below the right lobe, and the liver stores glycogen and not large amounts of fat.

Teacher's Note:
1. So three are correct.

Question 18: This enzyme is active in the childhood stage of mammals only. It converts milk into a curd-like substance and then digests it. In adults it is inactive. The enzyme is:
(a) Renin
(b) Ptyalin
(c) Trypsin
(d) Rennin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Rennin

Explanation:
1. Rennin of the infant stomach curdles the milk protein casein into paracasein, so that pepsin can digest it.
2. It is inactive in adults.

Teacher's Note:
1. Renin of the kidney is a different enzyme.

Question 19: Which of the following does not enter the hepatic portal circulation?
(a) Fats
(b) Proteins
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) Minerals
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Fats

Explanation:
1. Fats are absorbed as chylomicrons into the lacteals and reach the blood through the lymph, so they bypass the hepatic portal vein.

Teacher's Note:
1. Amino acids, sugars and minerals go directly to the liver.

Question 20: Which of the following is incorrect?
(a) Sucrose is converted into glucose and fructose in the presence of sucrase
(b) Maltose produces two molecules of glucose in the presence of maltase
(c) Lactose is converted into galactose and fructose in the presence of lactase
(d) Nucleotides are converted into nucleosides and phosphate groups in the presence of nucleotidases
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Lactose is converted into galactose and fructose in the presence of lactase

Explanation:
1. Lactose is hydrolysed by lactase into glucose and galactose.

Teacher's Note:
1. The other three reactions are correct.

Question 21: Match the secretory material with its source: (a) salivary gland - salivary amylase (b) stomach - trypsin (c) pancreas - pepsin (d) liver - bile juice. Which option is correct?
(a) a correct, b incorrect, c incorrect, d correct
(b) a correct, b correct, c incorrect, d correct
(c) a incorrect, b incorrect, c incorrect, d correct
(d) a incorrect, b correct, c correct, d correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) a correct, b incorrect, c incorrect, d correct

Explanation:
1. Salivary glands secrete amylase and the liver secretes bile, so a and d are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Trypsin is a pancreatic enzyme and pepsin a gastric enzyme, so b and c are incorrect.

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