NEET Biology Chemical Coordination and Integration MCQs Set 10

Answer: (a) Produce non-nutrient intercellular messengers

Explanation:
1. Ductless glands are endocrine glands which secrete hormones which are Non-nutrient chemicals Act as intercellular messengers Secreted in trace amounts.

Answer: (c) Hypophysis and pineal gland

Explanation:
1. Parathyroid and thyroid gland – located at the site of trachea Thymus gland – located on dorsal side of heart and the aorta.

Answer: (a) Thyroid gland and parathyroid gland

Explanation:
1. Thyroid and parathyroid gland – neck region Pituitary gland and pineal gland – brain gland Adrenal gland – over kidney Thymus gland – dorsal surface of heart.

Answer: (c) Nervous system and endocrine system

Explanation:
1. Hypothalamus forms an anatomical and physiological link between nervous system and endocrine system. – Hypothalamus is connected to pituitary gland through infundibulum and is located in the basal part of (diencephalon) forebrain. – Hypothalamus contains several groups of neurosecretory cells called nuclei which produce hormones.

Answer: (b) Nuclei

Explanation:
1. Nephrons – Unit of excretory system.
2. Nuclei – Nuclei consists of compact clusters of neurous.
3. Neurosecretory nuclei of hypothalamus secrete hormones.
4. Granular cells – Granular cells are small neurous, present in various parts of the brain, they have smallcell- bodies.

Answer: (b) Pituitary hormones

Explanation:
1. Hypothalamic hormones directly regulate the synthesis and secretion of pituitary gland which further regulates the synthesis and secretion of hormones of other glands like thyroid hormones adrenal hormones and parathormones etc.
2. Pituitary glands secretes two types of hormones Trophin Inhibin (Excitatory).

Answer: (d) Growth hormone

Explanation:
1. Somatostatin is also known as growth hormone inhibitory hormones (GHIH) which inhibits the release of growth hormone.

Answer: (b) Pituitary gland, gonadotropins

Explanation:
1. GnRH hormone secreted by hy hypothalamus gland stimulates the release of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (Leuteinising Hormone) by the pituitary gland.

Answer: (a) Hypothalamus

Explanation:
1. The neuroendocrine structure is hypothalamus which is considered as the connecting link between the nervous system and endocrine system.

Answer: (b) Pars intermedia and Pars distalis

Explanation:
1. Pituitary glands Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis Pars distalis Pars intermedia Pars nervosa.

Answer: (c) Growth hormone

Explanation:
1. Growth hormone regulates the growth of the body.
2. Hence, it promotes protein anabolism, intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and conservation of glucose thus retards the use of blood glucose for ATP production.

Answer: (c) (ii) and (iii)

Explanation:
1. Dwarfism : Is the stunted growth due to premature stoppage of body growth and reduced development of skeleton.
2. The dwarfism occurs before puberty.
3. The causes of dwarfism is : (a) Under secretion of growth hormone (b) Over secretion of somatostatin.

Answer: (a) Growth of breasts and secretion of milk in mammary glands

Explanation:
1. Growth of breasts and secretion of milk in mammary glands – Prolactin Secondary sexual characters in males – LH (Leuteinising Hormone) Melatonin secretion – MSH (Melonocye stimulating hormone) Estrogen secretion – FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone).

Answer: (d) Glucocorticoids

Explanation:
1. ACTH controls the secretion of glucocorticoid hormones from the adrenal cortex.
2. ACTH acts by binding to the ACTH receptors, which are located primarily on adrenocortical cells of the adrenal cortex.
3. Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine are secreted by adrenal medulla.
4. Insulin is secreted by pancreas.

Answer: (c) Hypothalamus, pituitary gland and testis/ovary, respectively

Explanation:
1. This option, Hypothalamus, pituitary gland and testis/ovary, respectively, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Answer: (d) Corpus luteum, progesterone respectively

Explanation:
1. In females LH stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone.
2. Graafian follicles are stimulated by FSH or follicle stimulating hormones and stimulates the development of follicles and oocyte.

Answer: (b) Corpus luteum, LH

Explanation:
1. Graafian follicle get converted ino corpus luteum after ovulation which occurs under the effect of LH (luteinising hormone).

Answer: (b) It synthesises two hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin

Explanation:
1. Neurohypophysis releases oxytocin and vasopressin which is synthesised by the hypothalamus.

Answer: (c) Pineal gland, melatonin respectively

Explanation:
1. Pineal gland is a small, round reddish structure located on the dorsal side of forebrain.
2. It releases the hormone called melatonin which controls the diurnal rhythm of the body.
3. Light reduces melatonin formation and hence maintains the normal rhythm of sleep-wake cycle.

Answer: (d) Thyroxine

Explanation:
1. Cretinism can be prevented by the administration of thyroxine because cretinism is caused by failure of thyroid gland secretion which slows body growth.

Answer: (c) Parathormone

Explanation:
1. Ram has high level of calcium in his blood.
2. This may be caused by high amount of parathormone which results in the increased blood calcium level by increasing the osteoclast activity and increase absorption of calcium in the blood from the renal tubules.
3. Thyrocalcitonin has antagonistic effect on parathormone i.e. decreases the blood calcium level while growth hormone also increases the deposition of calcium in the bones.

Answer: (d) Steroid hormones

Explanation:
1. Steroid hormone : Progesterone and estradiol.
2. Peptide hormone : Oxytocin, vasopressin.
3. Amino acid hormone : Thyroxine, norepinephrine, epinephrine.
4. Iodothyronin : T3 and T4 (Hormones of Heart, Liver, Kidney and Gastro-intestinal Tract and Mechanism of Hormone Action) X.