NEET Biology Cell The Unit of Life MCQs Set 35

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Cell The Unit of Life

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The main arena of cellular activities in both plant and animal cells is the:
(a) Nucleus
(b) Cell organelles
(c) Cytoplasm
(d) Centriole
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cytoplasm

Explanation:
1. Most cellular activities such as many metabolic pathways take place in the cytoplasm.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cytoplasm is the fluid matrix of the cell.

Question 2: Who proposed "Omnis cellula e cellula"?
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Rudolf Virchow
(c) Schwann
(d) Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Rudolf Virchow

Explanation:
1. Virchow stated that new cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. This modified the cell theory.

Question 3: The algal cell wall is made of:
(a) Cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin
(b) Cellulose, galactans, mannans and minerals like calcium carbonate
(c) Hemicellulose and xylan
(d) Cellulose, hemicellulose, protein and pectin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cellulose, galactans, mannans and minerals like calcium carbonate

Explanation:
1. Algal walls contain cellulose, galactans, mannans and minerals such as calcium carbonate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fungal walls are chitinous.

Question 4: Depending on the ________, membrane proteins are classified as integral or peripheral.
(a) Size
(b) Sedimentation rate
(c) Ease of extraction
(d) Molecular weight
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ease of extraction

Explanation:
1. Peripheral proteins are easily extracted
2. Integral proteins are embedded in the bilayer and need harsh treatment.

Teacher's Note:
1. Integral proteins span or are buried in the lipid bilayer.

Question 5: The fluid nature of the membrane is important for functions like: i. cell growth ii. formation of intercellular junctions iii. secretion iv. endocytosis v. cell division
(a) i, iii, iv only
(b) ii, iii, v only
(c) i, iii, iv, v only
(d) i, ii, iii, iv, v
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) i, ii, iii, iv, v

Explanation:
1. All five processes depend on membrane fluidity.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fluidity is measured as lateral movement.

Question 6: Mark the INCORRECT match for transport across the membrane:
(a) Neutral solute : simple diffusion
(b) Water : osmosis
(c) Non-polar molecules : facilitated diffusion
(d) ATP utilised : active transport
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Non-polar molecules : facilitated diffusion

Explanation:
1. Non-polar molecules cross the lipid bilayer by simple diffusion
2. Facilitated diffusion is for polar molecules.

Teacher's Note:
1. Facilitated diffusion needs carriers but no ATP.

Question 7: Regarding mitochondria: a. easily visible under the microscope without special staining b. typically sausage-shaped or cylindrical c. double membrane bound d. have two aqueous compartments
(a) a and d correct; b and c incorrect
(b) a and b correct; c and d incorrect
(c) a incorrect; b, c and d correct
(d) a and d incorrect; b and c correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a incorrect; b, c and d correct

Explanation:
1. Mitochondria need staining (for example Janus green) to be seen, so a is wrong
2. They are sausage-shaped, double membraned and have two aqueous compartments, the matrix and the intermembrane space.

Teacher's Note:
1. Janus green B stains mitochondria.

Question 8: The inner mitochondrial membrane forms infoldings called:
(a) Thylakoids
(b) Cisternae
(c) Oxysomes
(d) Cristae
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cristae

Explanation:
1. Cristae are infoldings of the inner membrane that increase surface area.

Teacher's Note:
1. F1 particles are on cristae.

Question 9: The number of mitochondria per cell varies depending on:
(a) Size of cells
(b) Shape of cells
(c) Physiological activity of cells
(d) Type of genes in mtDNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Physiological activity of cells

Explanation:
1. Cells that are physiologically more active have more mitochondria.

Teacher's Note:
1. Muscle and liver cells have many.

Question 10: A Golgi complex has:
(a) A fixed number of cisternae
(b) A varied number of cisternae
(c) One cisterna in higher plants
(d) Convex trans face and concave cis face
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) A varied number of cisternae

Explanation:
1. The number of cisternae varies from a few to several, depending on the cell.

Teacher's Note:
1. The cis face is convex and the trans face is concave.

Question 11: Which is NOT a component of the endomembrane system? a. ER b. Golgi body c. lysosome d. vacuole e. nucleus
(a) Both a and c
(b) Only c
(c) d and e both
(d) Only e
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Only e

Explanation:
1. The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes and vacuoles
2. Mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are excluded because their functions are not coordinated with it.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nucleus is not part of the system as defined in this list.

Question 12: A granular structure, first observed under the electron microscope as dense particles by George Palade, composed of RNA and proteins and not surrounded by a membrane is the:
(a) Nucleolus
(b) Ribosome
(c) Cristae
(d) Chloroplast
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Ribosome

Explanation:
1. These are ribosomes, composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins and without any membrane.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 13: In rRNA, "r" stands for:
(a) Ribophorins
(b) Ribozyme
(c) Ribosomal
(d) Recognition
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ribosomal

Explanation:
1. rRNA is ribosomal RNA.

Teacher's Note:
1. rRNA makes up the ribosome with proteins.

Question 14: Find the INCORRECT statements about centrosomes and centrioles: a. Centrosomes are surrounded by amorphous pericentriolar material. b. In a centrosome both centrioles lie parallel with cartwheel organisation. c. Centrioles are made of nine unevenly spaced peripheral fibrils of tubulin. d. The hub is the central proteinaceous part. e. Radial spokes connect the hub to peripheral triplets.
(a) a, b, e
(b) Only b
(c) b, c
(d) All are correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) b, c

Explanation:
1. The two centrioles lie perpendicular to each other, and the nine peripheral triplets are evenly spaced
2. So b and c are incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. A centriole has 9+0 arrangement.

Question 15: An elaborate network of filamentous proteinaceous structures in the cytoplasm that helps maintain cell shape is called:
(a) Endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Plasmalemma
(c) Ribosomes
(d) Cytoskeleton
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cytoskeleton

Explanation:
1. The cytoskeleton gives mechanical support, motility and shape.

Teacher's Note:
1. It includes microtubules and microfilaments.

Question 16: Carotenoid pigments are found in:
(a) Chromoplast
(b) Chloroplast
(c) Leucoplast
(d) Both chromoplast and chloroplast
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both chromoplast and chloroplast

Explanation:
1. Chromoplasts have carotenoids, and chloroplasts also contain carotenoids with chlorophyll.

Teacher's Note:
1. Leucoplasts are colourless.

Question 17: The space between the two parallel nuclear membranes is the perinuclear space, which is:
(a) 10-50 nm
(b) 0.1-0.4 micrometre
(c) 10-50 angstrom
(d) 1-4 nm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 10-50 nm

Explanation:
1. The perinuclear space is 10 to 50 nm wide.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nuclear pores connect it to cytoplasm.

Question 18: A single human cell has approximately ______ long thread of DNA distributed among its ______ chromosomes.
(a) 2 cm, 46
(b) 2 metre, 46
(c) 2 cm, 23
(d) 2 metre, 23
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2 metre, 46

Explanation:
1. The DNA in a human diploid cell is about 2 metres long, packed into 46 chromosomes.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is folded with histones.

Question 19: An important site for the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is:
(a) Vacuole
(b) Golgi apparatus
(c) Plastid
(d) Lysosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Golgi apparatus

Explanation:
1. The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins and lipids and forms glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Golgi cisternae add sugar groups.

Question 20: Peptide bond synthesis in the cytoplasm takes place on:
(a) Chloroplast
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Chromoplast
(d) Ribosomes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Ribosomes

Explanation:
1. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis where peptide bonds form.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ribosomes are present in all cells.

Question 21: The basic unit of life is the:
(a) Cell
(b) Tissue
(c) Organ
(d) Organ system
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Cell

Explanation:
1. The cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of life.

Teacher's Note:
1. All living organisms are made of cells.

Question 22: Cristae are found in:
(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) ER
(c) Both Golgi apparatus and ER
(d) Mitochondria
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Mitochondria

Explanation:
1. Cristae are infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Teacher's Note:
1. Golgi has cisternae, ER has tubules.

Question 23: Which scientist explained that cells divide and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells?
(a) Schwann
(b) Schleiden
(c) Rudolf Virchow
(d) Robert Hooke
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Rudolf Virchow

Explanation:
1. Virchow explained that new cells arise from the division of pre-existing cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. He modified the cell theory in 1855.

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