NEET Biology Cell Biology MCQs Set 01

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Cell Biology

Review structured MCQ sets for NEET Biology Cell Biology. Built according to official NEET guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

Download Cell Biology MCQs with Answers

Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Cell Biology below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official NEET textbooks.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Chemical modification of substance like glycosylation of protein and lipid occur in :–
(a) Endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Golgi body
(c) Lysosome
(d) Ribosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Golgi body

Explanation:
1. Glycosylation of proteins and lipids and other chemical modification occur in the Golgi body.

Teacher's Note:
1. ER starts glycosylation.

Question 2: The Singer and Nicolson's Model of Plasma membrane differs from the Robertson's model in the-
(a) Number of lipid layers
(b) Arrangement of proteins
(c) Arrangement of lipid layers
(d) Absence of protein layers
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Arrangement of proteins

Explanation:
1. The Singer and Nicolson model has proteins embedded in a lipid bilayer, whereas Robertson's model has proteins as a layer on each side of the lipids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Robertson's model is the unit membrane model.

Question 3: The chemical substance abundantly present in middle lamella is :–
(a) Cutin
(b) Chitin
(c) Lignin
(d) Pectin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Pectin

Explanation:
1. Calcium pectate (pectin) is abundant in the middle lamella that cements adjacent cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lignin is in secondary walls.

Question 4: The structures that are formed by stacking of organized flattened membranous sacs in the chloroplasts are :
(a) Grana
(b) Stroma lamellae
(c) Stroma
(d) Cristae
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Grana

Explanation:
1. A stack of thylakoids forms a granum.

Teacher's Note:
1. Stroma lamellae connect grana.

Question 5: Nuclear envelope is a derivative of :-
(a) Membrane of Golgi complex
(b) Microtubules
(c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(d) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Explanation:
1. The nuclear envelope is derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is continuous with it.

Question 6: A researcher made an observation about a protein made by ribosome and eventually used to build a cell’s plasma membrane. The protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made by ribosome, the protein was probably pass through -
(a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Golgi apparatus
(c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(d) Ribosomes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Golgi apparatus

Explanation:
1. The ribosome-made protein is modified (glycosylated, packaged) in the Golgi apparatus before it reaches the membrane.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Golgi is the processing centre.

Question 7: Which cell organelles release oxygen :–
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Golgi–body
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Ribosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Chloroplast

Explanation:
1. Chloroplasts release oxygen in photosynthesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mitochondria use oxygen.

Question 8: Power house of cell is :-
(a) Nucleus
(b) DNA
(c) Mitochondria
(d) ATP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Mitochondria

Explanation:
1. Mitochondria make most ATP, so they are the power house.

Teacher's Note:
1. ATP is a molecule.

Question 9: Which structures perform the function of mitochondria in bacteria ?
(a) Nucleoid
(b) Ribosomes
(c) Cell wall
(d) Mesosomes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Mesosomes

Explanation:
1. Mesosomes carry out respiration in bacteria.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are infoldings of the plasma membrane.

Question 10: The peroxisomes are associated with the phenomenon of :–
(a) Oxidative anabolism
(b) De–gradation of H₂O
(c) Anaerobic respiration
(d) Photorespiration and degradation of H₂O₂
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Photorespiration and degradation of H₂O₂

Explanation:
1. Peroxisomes take part in photorespiration and in breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Glyoxysomes are specialised peroxisomes.

Question 11: One genome is which type of set of chromosomes?
(a) Haploid
(b) Diploid
(c) Triploid
(d) Polyploid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Haploid

Explanation:
1. A genome is one haploid set of chromosomes.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is denoted n.

Question 12: Which of following is not common in chloroplasts & mitochondria ?
(a) Both are present in animal cells
(b) Both contain their own genetic material
(c) Both are present in eukaryotic cells
(d) Both are present in plant cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both are present in animal cells

Explanation:
1. Chloroplasts are not present in animal cells, so the statement is not common.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both occur in plant cells and have DNA.

Question 13: If you are provided with root–tips of onion in your class and are asked to count the chromosomes which of the following stages can you most conveniently look into :-
(a) Telophase
(b) Anaphase
(c) Prophase
(d) Metaphase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Metaphase

Explanation:
1. Chromosomes are most condensed and well spread at metaphase, so they are counted then.

Teacher's Note:
1. The metaphase plate is easy to see.

Question 14: In higher plants, the chloroplast are :-
(a) Discoidal or oval
(b) Spiral
(c) Cupshaped
(d) Reticulate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Discoidal or oval

Explanation:
1. Chloroplasts of higher plants are discoid or oval.

Teacher's Note:
1. Algae show spiral or cup-shaped ones.

Question 15: If living cells, similar to those found on earth, were found on another planet, where there was no oxygen, which cell organelle would most probably be absent ?
(a) Ribosomes
(b) Golgi apparatus
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Mitochondria

Explanation:
1. Without oxygen, aerobic respiration cannot occur, so mitochondria would most probably be absent.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ribosomes, Golgi and ER are needed anyway.

Question 16: The main organelle involved in modification and routing of newly synthesized proteins to their destinations is –
(a) Endoplasmic Reticulum
(b) Lysosome
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Chloroplast
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Explanation:
1. The endoplasmic reticulum modifies (folds, glycosylates) new proteins and sorts them to their destination.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Golgi then completes the processing.

Question 17: Which of the following structures is not found in prokaryotic cells?
(a) Plasma membrane
(b) Nuclear envelope
(c) Ribosome
(d) Mesosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Nuclear envelope

Explanation:
1. Prokaryotes have no nuclear envelope.

Teacher's Note:
1. They do have a plasma membrane, ribosomes and mesosomes.

Question 18:
Assertion (A): Chloroplasts are known as semiautonomous cell organelles.
Reason (R): Chloroplast has a lipoprotein membrane.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Chloroplasts are semi-autonomous because they have their own DNA and ribosomes; having lipoprotein membranes is true but does not explain it.

Teacher's Note:
1. Their membranes are lipoprotein.

Question 19: Which one of the following cellular parts is correctly described ?
(a) Ribosomes - those on chloroplasts are larger (80 S) while those in the cytoplasm are smaller (70 S)
(b) Lysosomes-optimally active at a pH of about 8.5
(c) Thylakoids-flattened membranous sacs forming the grana of chloroplasts
(d) Centrioles - sites for active RNA synthesis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Thylakoids-flattened membranous sacs forming the grana of chloroplasts

Explanation:
1. Thylakoids are flattened membranous sacs that form the grana.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lysosomes work at about pH 5.

Question 20: The plasma membrane consists mainly of :
(a) proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer
(b) phospholipids embedded in a protein bilayer
(c) proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
(d) proteins embedded in a polymer of glucose molecules
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

Explanation:
1. The plasma membrane is made of proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.

Teacher's Note:
1. It follows the fluid mosaic model.

Question 21: Which cell organelle is mainly involved in glycosylation of proteins?
(a) ER
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Lysosomes
(d) Peroxisomes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ER

Explanation:
1. The ER (with the Golgi) carries out glycosylation of proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. Glycosylation starts in the RER.

Question 22: Non pigmented part of chloroplast is called :-
(a) Thylakoids
(b) Grana
(c) Stroma
(d) Lamellae
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Stroma

Explanation:
1. The stroma is the colourless matrix of the chloroplast.

Teacher's Note:
1. Grana and thylakoids hold chlorophyll.

Question 23: Select the wrong statement from the following :
(a) The chloroplasts are generally much larger than mitochondria
(b) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain an inner and an outer membrane
(c) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane
(d) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane

Explanation:
1. The thylakoid space occurs only in chloroplasts; mitochondria have a matrix and cristae.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both have a double membrane and DNA.

Question 24: The chromosomes in which centromere is situated close to one end are:
(a) Acrocentric
(b) Telocentric
(c) Sub-metacentric
(d) Metacentric
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Acrocentric

Explanation:
1. In acrocentric chromosomes the centromere is close to one end.

Teacher's Note:
1. Telocentric ones have it at the end.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Cell Biology

Download Multiple Choice Questions: Cell Biology (NEET Biology)

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Concept Clarification for Cell Biology

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