NEET Biology Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQs Set 14

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The function of tracheal cilia is to:
(a) Pass mucus out
(b) Pass mucus in
(c) Pass air out
(d) Pass air in
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pass mucus out

Explanation:
1. Cilia of the tracheal epithelium beat upwards and carry mucus with trapped dust towards the pharynx.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mucus traps particles and cilia sweep them out, the mucociliary escalator.

Question 2: Which of the following prevents the collapse of the trachea?
(a) Muscles
(b) Diaphragm
(c) Ribs
(d) Cartilaginous rings
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cartilaginous rings

Explanation:
1. C-shaped cartilage rings keep the trachea open during breathing.

Teacher's Note:
1. The rings are incomplete on the dorsal side, next to the oesophagus.

Question 3: Which of the following has the smallest diameter?
(a) Right primary bronchus
(b) Secondary bronchi
(c) Trachea
(d) Respiratory bronchioles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Respiratory bronchioles

Explanation:
1. The airway divides repeatedly, so respiratory bronchioles are the narrowest of the listed structures.

Teacher's Note:
1. Diameter decreases from trachea to primary, secondary, tertiary bronchi and then bronchioles.

Question 4: Match: (a) Larynx, (b) Trachea, (c) Alveoli, (d) Epiglottis with (p) lid of glottis, (q) air sac, (r) voice box, (s) wind pipe.
(a) a-r, b-s, c-q, d-p
(b) a-t, b-s, c-p, d-q
(c) a-r, b-s, c-q, d-t
(d) a-r, b-t, c-q, d-p
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) a-r, b-s, c-q, d-p

Explanation:
1. Larynx is the voice box, trachea is the wind pipe, alveoli are air sacs and the epiglottis is the lid of the glottis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn each part with its alternative name.

Question 5: The Adam's apple represents:
(a) Arytenoid cartilage of larynx
(b) Cricoid cartilage of larynx
(c) Thyroid cartilage of larynx
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Thyroid cartilage of larynx

Explanation:
1. The prominent thyroid cartilage forms the Adam's apple, especially in males.

Teacher's Note:
1. It protects the vocal cords.

Question 6: During the hibernation period, a frog's respiration is:
(a) Cutaneous
(b) Pulmonary
(c) Pharyngeal
(d) Buccopharyngeal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Cutaneous

Explanation:
1. In hibernation frogs breathe through the moist skin, which is the cutaneous respiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. A frog uses skin, buccal cavity and lungs at different times.

Question 7: Inflammation of the lung covering causing severe chest pain is:
(a) Emphysema
(b) Pleurisy
(c) Asphyxia
(d) Hypoxia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Pleurisy

Explanation:
1. Pleurisy is the inflammation of the pleura, the double membrane covering the lungs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pleural fluid reduces friction.

Question 8: Which of the following is NOT a part of the respiratory tract?
(a) Nasal chamber
(b) Oesophagus
(c) Pharynx
(d) Trachea
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Oesophagus

Explanation:
1. The oesophagus is a part of the alimentary canal.

Teacher's Note:
1. The pharynx is common to both food and air.

Question 9: Residual air is mostly present in the:
(a) Alveoli
(b) Bronchus
(c) Nostrils
(d) Trachea
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Alveoli

Explanation:
1. The residual volume of about 1100 to 1200 mL stays in the alveoli after forced expiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. It keeps the alveoli from collapsing.

Question 10: The epiglottis is made up of:
(a) Elastic cartilage
(b) Fibrous cartilage
(c) Hyaline cartilage
(d) Bony structure
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Elastic cartilage

Explanation:
1. The epiglottis is a flexible flap of elastic cartilage.

Teacher's Note:
1. It covers the glottis during swallowing.

Question 11: Choose the correct path of air during inspiration.
(a) Trachea, lungs, larynx, pharynx, alveoli
(b) Nose, larynx, pharynx, bronchus, alveoli, bronchioles
(c) Nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
(d) Nose, trachea, larynx, bronchi, pharynx, alveoli
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Explanation:
1. Air passes through nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles to the alveoli.

Teacher's Note:
1. The sequence helps to answer path-based questions.

Question 12: Lungs are covered by:
(a) Perichondrium
(b) Pleural sac
(c) Pericardium
(d) Peristomium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Pleural sac

Explanation:
1. Each lung is covered by a double-layered pleura, the pleural sac.

Teacher's Note:
1. The pericardium covers the heart.

Question 13: The most important muscular structure in the human respiratory system is:
(a) External intercostal muscles
(b) Internal intercostal muscles
(c) Diaphragm
(d) Vertebral column
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Diaphragm

Explanation:
1. The diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the vertical dimension of the thorax.

Question 14: Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Chest expands because air enters the lungs
(b) Air enters the lungs because the chest expands
(c) Muscles of the diaphragm contract because air enters the lungs
(d) All of the above statements are correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Air enters the lungs because the chest expands

Explanation:
1. Expansion of the thoracic cavity lowers the intrapulmonary pressure below the atmosphere, so air flows in.

Teacher's Note:
1. Thoracic volume changes come first and airflow follows.

Question 15: Among mammals, the efficiency of ventilation of lungs compared with reptiles and birds is better developed due to the presence of:
(a) Ribs and costal muscles
(b) Only ribs
(c) Only costal muscles
(d) Diaphragm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Diaphragm

Explanation:
1. A muscular diaphragm is a special feature of mammals, which makes ventilation more efficient.

Teacher's Note:
1. Birds ventilate by air sacs and reptiles by ribs.

Question 16: After deep inspiration, the capacity of maximum expiration of the lung is called:
(a) Total lung capacity
(b) Functional residual capacity
(c) Vital capacity
(d) Inspiratory capacity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Vital capacity

Explanation:
1. Vital capacity is the maximum air expelled after a maximal inspiration, equal to ERV + TV + IRV.

Teacher's Note:
1. Vital capacity is about 3.5 to 4.5 litres.

Question 17: The volume of air (about 1100 to 1200 mL) that remains in the lungs even after a forced expiration is called:
(a) Tidal volume
(b) Inspiratory reserve volume
(c) Residual volume
(d) Vital capacity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Residual volume

Explanation:
1. The residual volume, about 1100 to 1200 mL, remains even after forced expiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. It cannot be measured by a spirometer.

Question 18: At high altitude, the RBCs of human blood will:
(a) Increase in number
(b) Decrease in number
(c) Decrease in size
(d) Increase in size
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Increase in number

Explanation:
1. Low oxygen stimulates erythropoietin and so the RBC count rises.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is part of acclimatisation.

Question 19: Which one has the lowest value?
(a) Tidal volume
(b) Vital capacity
(c) Inspiratory reserve volume
(d) Expiratory reserve volume
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Expiratory reserve volume

Explanation:
1. TV is about 500 mL, IRV about 2500 to 3000 mL, ERV about 1000 to 1100 mL and VC about 4000 mL, so ERV is the smallest of the options.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the standard values.

Question 20: The volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath is known as:
(a) Inspiratory capacity
(b) Total lung capacity
(c) Tidal volume
(d) Residual volume
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Tidal volume

Explanation:
1. The tidal volume is about 500 mL in a healthy adult.

Teacher's Note:
1. A normal person breathes 12 to 16 times a minute.

Question 21: Total lung capacity in an adult is about:
(a) 1 litre
(b) 3 litres
(c) 6 litres
(d) 8 litres
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 6 litres

Explanation:
1. The total volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration is about 5 to 6 litres.

Teacher's Note:
1. TLC = VC + RV.

Question 22: The air that remains in the lungs after the most powerful expiration is:
(a) Inspiratory air
(b) Dead space air
(c) Tidal air
(d) Residual air
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Residual air

Explanation:
1. This is the residual volume.

Teacher's Note:
1. Dead space air is that in the conducting zone.

Question 23: Total lung capacity is:
(a) Total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of forced inspiration
(b) RV + ERV + TV + IRV
(c) Vital capacity + residual volume
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. All three expressions describe the TLC.

Teacher's Note:
1. TLC = RV + ERV + TV + IRV = VC + RV.

Question 24: Which instrument helps in clinical assessment of pulmonary volumes?
(a) Sphygmomanometer
(b) Stethoscope
(c) Spirometer
(d) Electrocardiograph
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Spirometer

Explanation:
1. A spirometer records the air breathed in and out as a spirogram.

Teacher's Note:
1. Residual volume cannot be measured with a spirometer.

Question 25: The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration is:
(a) ERV + RV
(b) IRV + RV
(c) RV + IRV + ERV
(d) TV
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ERV + RV

Explanation:
1. This is the functional residual capacity, the sum of ERV and RV.

Teacher's Note:
1. FRC is about 2300 mL.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Breathing and Exchange of Gases

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