NEET Biology Body Fluids and Circulation MCQs Set 13

Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Body Fluids and Circulation

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Match animals with the heart chambers. (a) Fishes (b) Amphibians (c) Crocodile (d) Mammals; (i) 4-chambered (ii) 3-chambered (iii) 2-chambered
(a) (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
(b) (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
(c) (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(i)
(d) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(i)

Explanation:
1. Fishes have a 2-chambered heart, amphibians a 3-chambered heart, and crocodiles and mammals a 4-chambered heart.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reptiles other than crocodiles have a 3-chambered heart.

Question 2: In amphibians and reptiles, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood and the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood, but they mix in the single ventricle which pumps out mixed blood. This is called:
(a) Incomplete single circulation
(b) Complete single circulation
(c) Incomplete double circulation
(d) Complete double circulation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Incomplete double circulation

Explanation:
1. Blood passes twice through the heart, but the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix, so it is incomplete double circulation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Birds and mammals have complete double circulation.

Question 3: The heart is a ______ derived organ, situated in the ______ cavity between the two ______, slightly tilted to the ______.
(a) Endodermally, thoracic, lungs, left
(b) Mesodermally, thoracic, lungs, left
(c) Mesodermally, thoracic, lungs, right
(d) Endodermally, thoracic, lungs, right
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Mesodermally, thoracic, lungs, left

Explanation:
1. The human heart is mesodermal in origin and lies in the thoracic cavity between the lungs, tilted slightly to the left.

Teacher's Note:
1. The apex points to the left.

Question 4: Choose the WRONG statement:
(a) The heart is the size of a clenched fist
(b) The heart is protected by a double-walled membranous bag, the pericardium
(c) The human heart has four chambers, two relatively large upper atria and two smaller lower ventricles
(d) The atrium and ventricle of the same side are separated by a thick fibrous atrio-ventricular septum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) The human heart has four chambers, two relatively large upper atria and two smaller lower ventricles

Explanation:
1. The two upper chambers (atria) are relatively small and the two lower chambers (ventricles) are larger.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ventricle walls are thicker.

Question 5: The opening between the right atrium and right ventricle is guarded by a valve called x, whereas y guards the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle.
(a) x is bicuspid, y is tricuspid
(b) x is semilunar, y is tricuspid
(c) x is bicuspid, y is semilunar
(d) x is tricuspid, y is bicuspid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) x is tricuspid, y is bicuspid

Explanation:
1. The right AV opening has the tricuspid valve and the left AV opening has the bicuspid (mitral) valve.

Teacher's Note:
1. Semilunar valves guard the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Question 6: Which is considered the pacemaker of the human heart?
(a) SA node
(b) AV node
(c) Purkinje fibres
(d) Bundle of His
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) SA node

Explanation:
1. The sinoatrial node generates the highest rate of action potentials and sets the heart rhythm.

Teacher's Note:
1. It lies in the right upper corner of the right atrium.

Question 7: Which of these has a double closed type of circulatory system?
(a) Cockroach, fish
(b) Fish, frog
(c) Earthworm, human
(d) Birds, human
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Birds, human

Explanation:
1. Birds and humans have double circulation and a closed circulatory system
2. Fish have single circulation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cockroach has an open system.

Question 8: The role of the pacemaker is:
(a) To initiate and maintain the rhythmic contractile activity of the heart
(b) To initiate and maintain arrhythmic activity of the heart
(c) To initiate rhythmic contractile activity of blood vessels
(d) To generate minimum action potentials to maintain heart rhythm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) To initiate and maintain the rhythmic contractile activity of the heart

Explanation:
1. The SA node starts and maintains rhythmic contractions of the heart.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is myogenic.

Question 9: The duration of a cardiac cycle is:
(a) 0.8 seconds
(b) 1.2 seconds
(c) 1.8 seconds
(d) 2.0 seconds
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 0.8 seconds

Explanation:
1. At 72 beats per minute the cardiac cycle lasts about 0.8 second.

Teacher's Note:
1. Systole 0.3 s and diastole 0.5 s.

Question 10: The second heart sound, "dub", is associated with:
(a) Opening of semilunar valves
(b) Opening of AV valves
(c) Closure of AV valves
(d) Closure of semilunar valves
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Closure of semilunar valves

Explanation:
1. "Lub" is due to closure of the AV valves and "dub" is due to closure of the semilunar valves.

Teacher's Note:
1. Heart sounds are heard with a stethoscope.

Question 11: The unique vascular connection between the digestive tract and the liver is called:
(a) Renal portal system
(b) Hypophyseal portal system
(c) Gastric portal system
(d) Hepatic portal system
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Hepatic portal system

Explanation:
1. The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the intestine to the liver.

Teacher's Note:
1. A portal system has capillaries at both ends.

Question 12: All arteries carry oxygenated blood EXCEPT:
(a) Hepatic
(b) Systemic
(c) Coronary
(d) Pulmonary
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Pulmonary

Explanation:
1. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.

Question 13: The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per minute, averaging 5 litres in a healthy individual, is:
(a) Stroke volume
(b) Joint diastole
(c) Cardiac output
(d) Ventricular diastole
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cardiac output

Explanation:
1. The blood pumped by each ventricle per minute is the cardiac output.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate.

Question 14: Cardiac output is:
(a) Stroke volume x heart rate
(b) Stroke volume - heart rate
(c) Stroke volume + heart rate
(d) Stroke volume / heart rate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Stroke volume x heart rate

Explanation:
1. Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate.

Teacher's Note:
1. About 70 mL x 72 per minute gives about 5 L.

Question 15: Match. a1. Blood pressure, a2. Hypertension, a3. Hypotension; b1. blood pressure higher than normal, b2. blood pressure lower than normal, b3. pressure applied by flowing blood on the walls of arteries; c1. 120/80 mm Hg, c2. 140/90 mm Hg, c3. 100/70 mm Hg
(a) a1-b3-c1, a2-b2-c2, a3-b1-c3
(b) a1-b3-c1, a2-b1-c2, a3-b2-c3
(c) a1-b2-c2, a2-b3-c3, a3-b1-c1
(d) a1-b1-c1, a2-b2-c2, a3-b3-c3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a1-b3-c1, a2-b1-c2, a3-b2-c3

Explanation:
1. Blood pressure is the force of blood on arterial walls (normally 120/80)
2. Hypertension is higher than normal (140/90 or above) and hypotension is lower than normal.

Teacher's Note:
1. Normal BP is 120/80 mm Hg.

Question 16: In humans, blood passes from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta due to:
(a) Increase in atrial pressure
(b) Increase in ventricular pressure
(c) Decrease in ventricular pressure
(d) Suction pull
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Increase in ventricular pressure

Explanation:
1. During ventricular systole the pressure rises, the semilunar valves open and blood is pumped into the arteries.

Teacher's Note:
1. Valves ensure one-way flow.

Question 17: The cause of closure of the semilunar valves in the human heart is:
(a) Ventricular diastole and increase in ventricular pressure
(b) Ventricular systole and increase in ventricular pressure
(c) Ventricular diastole and decrease in ventricular pressure
(d) Atrial diastole and decrease in atrial pressure
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ventricular diastole and decrease in ventricular pressure

Explanation:
1. When the ventricles relax, their pressure falls below that in the arteries and the semilunar valves close.

Teacher's Note:
1. This gives the dub sound.

Question 18: Which describes pulmonary circulation in humans?
(a) Left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, with oxygenated blood leaving the left atrium
(b) Left atrium to lungs to right ventricle, with deoxygenated blood going to the lungs
(c) Right ventricle to lungs to left atrium, with deoxygenated blood going to the lungs and oxygenated blood coming back
(d) Right ventricle to lungs to left atrium, with oxygenated blood going to the lungs
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Right ventricle to lungs to left atrium, with deoxygenated blood going to the lungs and oxygenated blood coming back

Explanation:
1. In the pulmonary circuit, deoxygenated blood goes from the right ventricle to the lungs, and oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pulmonary artery to lungs to pulmonary vein.

Question 19: During each cardiac cycle two prominent sounds are produced which can be heard easily through a:
(a) Electrocardiograph
(b) Stethoscope
(c) Sphygmomanometer
(d) Galvanometer
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Stethoscope

Explanation:
1. A stethoscope is used to hear the heart sounds.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sphygmomanometer measures blood pressure.

Question 20: Acute chest pain when not enough oxygen is reaching the heart muscle is called:
(a) Heart failure
(b) Heart attack
(c) Cardiac arrest
(d) Angina pectoris
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Angina pectoris

Explanation:
1. Angina pectoris is chest pain from inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle.

Teacher's Note:
1. Heart failure means the heart cannot pump enough blood.

Question 21: Which is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system?
(a) Increase the rate of heartbeat
(b) Decrease the rate of heartbeat
(c) Increase cardiac output
(d) Increase the strength of ventricular contraction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Decrease the rate of heartbeat

Explanation:
1. The sympathetic system speeds up the heart and increases cardiac output
2. The parasympathetic system decreases the heart rate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Parasympathetic nerves slow the heart.

Question 22: Which statement is INCORRECT?
(a) Clotting factors in plasma are present in an inactive form
(b) Plasma without clotting factors is called serum
(c) Basophils are involved in inflammatory reactions
(d) Neutrophils are the most and eosinophils the least abundant among leucocytes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Neutrophils are the most and eosinophils the least abundant among leucocytes

Explanation:
1. Basophils, not eosinophils, are the least abundant leucocytes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Neutrophils are most abundant.

Question 23: Which statements are true?
(a) Albumin helps in osmotic balance
(b) Plasma without clotting factors is called serum
(c) Globulins are involved in defence mechanisms
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of these

Explanation:
1. All three statements are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fibrinogen is a clotting protein.

Question 24: A healthy individual has ______ g of haemoglobin in every 100 ml of blood.
(a) 12-16 g
(b) 16-20 g
(c) 10-12 g
(d) 9-12 g
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 12-16 g

Explanation:
1. Normal haemoglobin is 12 to 16 g per 100 ml of blood.

Teacher's Note:
1. Anaemia is lower haemoglobin.

Question 25: ______ are the most abundant cells of the total WBCs and ______ are the least among them.
(a) Acidophils, basophils
(b) Basophils, neutrophils
(c) Neutrophils, monocytes
(d) Neutrophils, basophils
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Neutrophils, basophils

Explanation:
1. Neutrophils are about 60-65 per cent of leucocytes and basophils are the least at about 0.5-1 per cent.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mnemonic: Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas.

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