NEET Biology Biotechnology and its Application MCQs Set 01

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Biotechnology and its Application

Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Biotechnology and its Application designed to align with the latest NEET academic syllabus for NEET Biology. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called
(a) clones
(b) genetically modified organisms (GMO)
(c) hybrids
(d) mutants only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) genetically modified organisms (GMO)

Explanation:
1. GMOs carry foreign genes introduced by recombinant DNA technology.

Teacher's Note:
1. Examples include Bt cotton and transgenic animals.

Question 2: Which statement about genetic modification is NOT correct?
(a) It has increased reliance on chemical pesticides
(b) It has made crops more tolerant to abiotic stress
(c) It reduces post-harvest losses
(d) It helps to increase the nutritional value of food
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) It has increased reliance on chemical pesticides

Explanation:
1. GM crops such as Bt cotton have reduced pesticide use.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pest-resistant crops cut down pesticide needs.

Question 3: The Green Revolution
(a) completely solved the food problem
(b) reduced food supply
(c) was based on GM crops
(d) tripled the food supply but was not enough to feed the growing human population
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) tripled the food supply but was not enough to feed the growing human population

Explanation:
1. Agrochemical-based agriculture is limited by cost and environment, so GM crops are another option.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biotechnology offers alternatives.

Question 4: Plants created by GM techniques to supply alternative resources (starch, fuels, pharmaceuticals) to industries are called
(a) hybrid plants
(b) clonal plants
(c) tailor-made plants
(d) wild plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) tailor-made plants

Explanation:
1. Genetic modification can tailor plants for specific industrial uses.

Teacher's Note:
1. Golden rice is one example of a modified crop.

Question 5: Bt toxin is produced by the bacterium
(a) Bacillus subtilis
(b) Bacillus thuringiensis
(c) Escherichia coli
(d) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Bacillus thuringiensis

Explanation:
1. Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects.

Teacher's Note:
1. The toxin gene is called the cry gene.

Question 6: The orders of insects killed by Bt toxin proteins from different strains include
(a) Lepidopterans, Coleopterans and Dipterans
(b) Hymenopterans and Isopterans
(c) Orthopterans only
(d) Odonatans and Hemipterans
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Lepidopterans, Coleopterans and Dipterans

Explanation:
1. Different cry proteins act against corn borer, beetles and flies/mosquitoes.

Teacher's Note:
1. The right gene is chosen according to the crop and target pest.

Question 7: Bt toxin exists in bacteria as inactive protoxin and is converted to active toxin in the insect gut because of
(a) acidic pH
(b) neutral pH
(c) high temperature
(d) alkaline pH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) alkaline pH

Explanation:
1. The alkaline gut pH solubilises the crystals.

Teacher's Note:
1. The active toxin binds to midgut epithelial cells and creates pores.

Question 8: The activated Bt toxin
(a) inhibits photosynthesis of the pest
(b) blocks the pest's nerve impulses
(c) binds to midgut epithelial cells and creates pores, causing cell swelling and lysis
(d) kills the plant cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) binds to midgut epithelial cells and creates pores, causing cell swelling and lysis

Explanation:
1. This leads to the death of the insect.

Teacher's Note:
1. The toxin is specific to the insect group.

Question 9: The gene coding for Bt toxin is called
(a) the lac gene
(b) the cry gene
(c) the Ti gene
(d) the rop gene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) the cry gene

Explanation:
1. Cry genes were cloned into plants like cotton, maize and brinjal.

Teacher's Note:
1. Examples: cryIAc, cryIIAb.

Question 10: The cry genes cryIAc and cryIIAb control the
(a) cotton bollworms
(b) corn borer
(c) nematodes
(d) aphids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) cotton bollworms

Explanation:
1. cryIAb controls corn borer, whereas cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt cotton was introduced in India in 2002.

Question 11: The nematode that infects the roots of tobacco plants is
(a) Wuchereria bancrofti
(b) Ascaris lumbricoides
(c) Entamoeba histolytica
(d) Meloidogyne incognitia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Meloidogyne incognitia

Explanation:
1. This nematode causes a great reduction in yield.

Teacher's Note:
1. The protection used RNA interference.

Question 12: A novel strategy used to prevent infection of tobacco by the nematode was based on
(a) Bt toxin
(b) antibiotics
(c) RNA interference (RNAi)
(d) hybridisation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) RNA interference (RNAi)

Explanation:
1. Specific mRNA of the nematode was silenced by complementary dsRNA produced in the host.

Teacher's Note:
1. RNAi is a cellular defence method in all eukaryotes.

Question 13: In RNAi, the source of complementary RNA can be an infection by viruses having RNA genomes or mobile genetic elements that form complementary RNA replicate via an
(a) DNA intermediate
(b) RNA intermediate
(c) protein intermediate
(d) lipid intermediate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) RNA intermediate

Explanation:
1. The silencing is of a specific mRNA.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transposons are mobile elements.

Question 14: Match: 1 RNAi, 2 cryIAb, 3 cryIAc, 4 C-peptide with a corn borer, b cotton bollworms, c proinsulin, d silencing of specific mRNA. The correct pairing is
(a) 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c
(b) 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c
(c) 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c
(d) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c

Explanation:
1. RNAi silences a specific mRNA, cryIAb controls corn borer, cryIAc controls cotton bollworms and C-peptide is part of proinsulin.

Teacher's Note:
1. C-peptide is removed during maturation.

Question 15: In earlier days, insulin used for diabetes was extracted from the pancreas of
(a) horses
(b) fish only
(c) rabbits
(d) slaughtered cattle and pigs
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) slaughtered cattle and pigs

Explanation:
1. This caused allergic reactions in some patients because of foreign proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recombinant human insulin avoids this.

Question 16: In mature insulin, chain A and chain B are linked together by
(a) hydrogen bonds only
(b) peptide bonds
(c) disulphide bridges
(d) ionic bonds only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) disulphide bridges

Explanation:
1. Insulin has two short chains held together by disulphide bonds.

Teacher's Note:
1. Proinsulin also has a C-peptide.

Question 17: Which peptide of proinsulin is removed during maturation into insulin?
(a) A-peptide
(b) C-peptide
(c) B-peptide
(d) D-peptide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) C-peptide

Explanation:
1. Proinsulin has chains A, B and C; C is removed to make mature insulin.

Teacher's Note:
1. The difficulty was assembling A and B into mature insulin.

Question 18: The main difficulty in the production of insulin using rDNA techniques was
(a) getting insulin assembled into a mature form
(b) finding the host
(c) obtaining the cattle pancreas
(d) getting enough sugar
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) getting insulin assembled into a mature form

Explanation:
1. Chains A and B were produced separately in E. coli and linked by disulphide bonds (Eli Lilly, 1983).

Teacher's Note:
1. Humulin is the recombinant insulin.

Question 19: If a person is born with a hereditary disease, the corrective therapy attempted is
(a) chemotherapy
(b) radiotherapy
(c) immunotherapy
(d) gene therapy
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) gene therapy

Explanation:
1. Gene therapy delivers normal genes into the cells to correct a gene defect.

Teacher's Note:
1. The first clinical gene therapy was in 1990.

Question 20: The first clinical gene therapy was given in
(a) 1972
(b) 1983
(c) 1990
(d) 2002
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 1990

Explanation:
1. A four-year-old girl with adenosine deaminase deficiency received it.

Teacher's Note:
1. It was to correct ADA deficiency.

Question 21: Adenosine deaminase is crucial for the functioning of the
(a) nervous system
(b) immune system
(c) digestive system
(d) excretory system
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) immune system

Explanation:
1. Deficiency of ADA causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).

Teacher's Note:
1. Lymphocytes from the patient were corrected and returned.

Question 22: Which of the following techniques serve for early diagnosis of disease?
(a) Recombinant DNA technology, ELISA and PCR
(b) Widal test only
(c) Gram staining
(d) X-ray only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Recombinant DNA technology, ELISA and PCR

Explanation:
1. These techniques detect pathogens or antibodies before symptoms appear.

Teacher's Note:
1. PCR is routinely used to detect HIV.

Question 23: Very low concentrations of a bacterium or virus (when symptoms are not yet visible) can be detected by
(a) microscopy
(b) Gram staining
(c) blood culture only
(d) amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR

Explanation:
1. PCR makes many copies of the nucleic acid, making detection easy.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is used for suspected HIV and cancer detection.

Question 24: ELISA is based on the principle of
(a) DNA hybridisation
(b) enzyme inhibition only
(c) antigen-antibody interaction
(d) electrophoresis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) antigen-antibody interaction

Explanation:
1. Infection can be detected by the presence of antigens or antibodies against the pathogen.

Teacher's Note:
1. It uses enzyme-linked antibodies.

Question 25: Animals whose DNA has been manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are called
(a) clones
(b) transgenic animals
(c) hybrids
(d) chimaeras
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) transgenic animals

Explanation:
1. Examples are transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows and fish.

Teacher's Note:
1. Over 95 per cent are mice.

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