NCERT Class 5 Mathematics Maths Mela Chapter 05 Far and Near PDF Download

Chapter 5: Far and Near

We have learnt about measuring length and some standard units we use to measure length. In this chapter we will learn some more units of measuring distances and the relationships between different units.

Let Us Find

Identify the appropriate units for measuring each of the following.

Different Units but Same Measure

Shikha and Sonu are measuring the lengths of saris and stoles in the village weaving centre. Find which measures represent the same sari or stole. You can take help of the double number line below.

[Figure: Double number line showing conversion between centimetres and metres, with markings at 100 cm (1 m), 200 cm (2 m), 400 cm, 500 cm, and 700 cm, with operations ×2 and ×100 indicated, See in your textbook]

Let Us Compare

1. Ritika is comparing the lengths of different rods. Compare them using <, =, > signs.
   1. (a) 456 cm ____ 5 m
   2. (b) 55 cm + 200 cm ____ 200 cm + 54 cm
   3. (c) 6 m 5 cm ___ 6 m 50 cm
   4. (d) 2 m 150 cm ___ 3 m 50 cm
   5. (e) 238 cm ____ 138 cm + 1 m
2. World's tallest statue
   1. (a) What is the difference between the height of the tallest statue in the world and the Statue of Liberty?
   2. (b) Identify the statues whose heights have the least difference.
   3. (c) Identify the statues whose heights have the largest difference.
   4. (d) The height of which statue will be equal to the height of the Statue of Unity, if it is doubled?

   [Figure: Some of World's Tallest Statues showing Statue of Unity, India (182 m), Spring Temple Buddha, China (128 m), Guanyin of Nanshan, China (108 m), The Motherland Calls, Russia (91 m), Statue of Liberty, USA (93 m), Christ the Redeemer, Brazil (38 m), See in your textbook]

Teacher's Note

When comparing measurements in different units like 456 cm and 5 m, convert both to the same unit first. Here, 5 m = 500 cm, so you can see that 456 cm is less than 500 cm. Always check your units before comparing.

Measuring Long Distances

Here are some ways in which you can measure long distances.

[Figure: Long Tape, Rodometer - measuring wheel, Rangefinder, Laser Distance Meter, See in your textbook]

Let Us Do

Measure 100 m and 200 m on your school playground, or any other place in and around your school, using a Long Tape. Mark these points and draw a straight line. Walk on the lines and count the number of steps. Use this relationship between the number of steps taken and distance walked to find distances around you for at least 3 locations. Wherever possible, walk and find the number of steps. Otherwise, find the distance and estimate the number of steps.

1. (a) Identify and write the locations that are the nearest and the farthest from your home.

   Nearest location _______________________________________________________.

   Farthest location ______________________________________________________.

2. (b) Write the distances obtained above in increasing order.

   _______________, _________________, _________________, __________________.

3. (c) Name a location that is equal to or more than 1,000 m from your home.

Let Us Explore

When we walk 1,000 m, we say we have walked 1 km.

\( 1,000 \text{ m} = 1 \text{ km} \)

Kilo stands for thousand. This unit is used to measure long distances.

Kilometre Race

Sheena and Jennifer are helping to organise a 3-km race. Help them with the arrangements for the race.

1. Water stations are to be arranged after every 500 m. How many water stations must be set up? At what positions from the starting point will these water stations be placed?
2. Children need to stand at an interval of 300 m to direct the runners. How many children are needed? At what positions from the starting point will the children be standing?
3. Red and blue flags are to be placed alternately at every 50 m. How many red and blue flags are needed till the finish line?

Let Us Do

Longest Train Journey

The longest train journey in India is by The Vivek Express which runs from Dibrugarh in Assam to Kanniyakumari in Tamil Nadu. Look at the stations on the route shown in the table below and answer the questions.

1. The total length of the route from Dibrugarh to Kanniyakumari is _______________ km.
2. The distance between Vijayawada and Jalpaiguri road is _______________.
3. Distance between Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam is _______________.
4. Which two stations are farther apart - Guwahati and Dimapur or Bhubaneswar and Jalpaiguri Road?
5. What is the distance between Guwahati and Coimbatore JN?

The World of Small Things

How can we measure small things like the ones shown here?

[Figure: sprout, small screws, nail, See in your textbook]

Let us look at the scale. Do you notice the small marks between 1 cm and 2 cm? Count how many marks are there between 1 cm and 2 cm?

[Figure: Scale from 1 to 7 with markings, See in your textbook]

One centimetre is divided into ten equal parts. Each part is called 1 millimetre (mm).

\( 1 \text{ cm} = 10 \text{ mm} \)

These small marks between any two centimetre marks help us measure the smaller lengths. Thus, it adds to the precision in measurement.

Let Us Measure

Measure the lines in the design and write their measurements in cm and mm.

[Figure: Geometric design with lines to be measured, See in your textbook]

Teacher's Note

When using a ruler to measure lengths in millimetres, line up the zero mark of the ruler carefully with the start of the object. Read the measurement where the end of the object reaches on the scale. If the end falls between two millimetre marks, estimate which mark is closer.

Key Points

• One metre equals 100 centimetres, and 1,000 metres equal 1 kilometre. Use metres and kilometres to measure long distances, and centimetres or millimetres for shorter objects.
• To compare measurements in different units, convert them all to the same unit first. For example, to compare 456 cm and 5 m, convert 5 m to 500 cm, then you can compare directly.
• One centimetre is divided into 10 equal millimetre marks on a ruler. Millimetres help measure small objects precisely.

This is a preview of the first 5 pages. To get the complete chapter, click below.